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1

Století proměn v pohřbívání : Od církevního uložení do země ke zpopelnění bez obřadu

100%

Nešporová O.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2013

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tom 100

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nr 2

183-204

EN

The changes in funeral practices in Czech society which occured during the 20th century were more significant than those that took place during the whole of the second millenium. Traditional Roman Catholic Christian funerals which were performed at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries are described as a starting point from which the focus moves to a study of the major changes which took place from then onwards.

2

Acentury of funeral change in burial practices: from church burial to cremation without a ceremony

100%

Nešporová O.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2023

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tom 110

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nr 2

127-156

EN

The changes in funeral practices in Czech society which occurred during the 20th century were more significant than those that took place during the whole of the second millennium. Traditional Roman Catholic Christian funerals which were performed at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries are described as a starting point from which the focus moves to a study od the major changes which took place from the onwards. The first half of the 20th century was specific in the emergence of cremation. The Communist era (1948–1989) was characterized by a huge expansion in the popularity of cremation (the cremation rate in Czechoslovakia had reached 55% by 1988) as well as by a significant increase in the proportion of secular funerals which, by the end of the 1980s, were being conducted for around three-fifths of the deceased. Contemporary Czech funeral practices can be seen as a direct continuation of those of previous generations and are noteworthy in terms both of having one of the highest cremation rates in Europe (80%) and, even more strikingly, the extraordinarily high rate of cases (around one quarter to one third) in which no funeral ceremony is held at all for the deceased.

3

Sławne pogrzeby w XIX-wiecznym Krakowie

86%

Wilk B.

Folia Historica Cracoviensia

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2006

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tom 12

EN

Cracow, the old capital of Polish Kingdom, has always performed a particular role in the Polish history and culture. In the nineteenth century, particulary in the period of galician autonomy 1860-1914, Cracow became the spiritual capital of Poland for generations of Poles who lived in the partitioned country, which was ruled by the three foreign powers together. About this phenomenon decided not only the autonomy but also the old tradition and the symbolism of this town. In the 19 th century and before the First World War, Cracow was the most influential centre of the Polish national life.In this time Crakow’s citizens decided to continue the old tradition of the royal burial. Since there were no longer any Polish monarchs, they resolved that the remains of the greatest national heroes, of writers and artists be buried on the Wawel Cathedral in the cemetery Rakowice and later in the Church of Paulinites fathers “on the rock”. Famous funerals in 19 th century Cracow, of which the best known were those of prince Joseph Poniatowski in 1817, general Thaddeus Kosciusko in 1818, king Casmir the Great in 1869 and of poet Adam Mickiewicz in 1890 alluded to royal ceremonies from the time of Polish independence. These funerals have been one of the main elements in patriotic and religious ceremonies and important part of the nation’s patriotic educations.

PL

Artykuł omawia zjawisko pogrzebów w XIX-wiecznym Krakowie, jako manifestacji patriotycznej.

4

Vymezování hranic a prezentace přítomnosti. Pohřby jako konfliktní téma vícekonfesní společnosti předbělohorských českých a moravských vrchnostenských měst

86%

Hrdlička J.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2015

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tom 30

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nr 1

47-76

EN

The study analyses conflicts, which occurred in the Bohemian and Moravian seigneurial towns in the 16th and early 17th century in connection with funerals of the burghers and other citizens in these towns. In the conflicts, the author applies a thesis by one of the authors of the confessionalization concept according to which the individual confessions paid increased attention to disciplination of religious rituals to strengthen their own inner cohesion and determine themselves against their religious opponents. He interprets the inter-confessional conflicts in the context of individual confessions, which occurred in the multi-confessional milieu of seigneurial towns especially in the last quarter of the 16th and the first two decades of the 17th century. He also follows the gradual politicization of these local conflicts, which the evangelic estates used in their disputes with the Catholic ruler and their application in the contemporary propaganda.

5

Antemortem documents of Eastern Orthodox and Uniate burghers of Vilnius from the first half of the 18th century

72%

Zielecka-Mikołajczyk W.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2014

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tom 79

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nr 4

143-172

EN

The edition of antemortem documents i.e. last wills, registers, financial liabilities accompanying acts of the last will drafted by burghers of Vilnius in the first half of the 18th century was abandoned by researchers in the last decades of the 19th century. The failure to explore Vilnius sources results in our poor knowledge concerning this group of inhabitants of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Among the documents presented here there are last wills of four Orthodox burghers from Vilnius: Gabriel Chilimonowicz, Jan Juchnowicz, Eustachy Krupski, Jan Kossobucki and Jan Burakiewicz- a member of the Uniate Church. The last will of J. Juhnowicz was accompanied by a register of movables, which gives a fuller picture of the testator’s wealth and constitutes a rare “set” of antemortem documents of Orthodox inhabitants of Vilnius in the first half of the 18th century. Jan Kossobucki’s last will was published including the confirmation of the bequest for the congregation of St. John the Evangelist, which operated in the Church of the Holy Spirit in Vilnius. Printed documents reveal family relations of burghers and last wills’ being drafted on the basis of the Magdeburg law. They provide information not only about the material status of testators in the city tormented by war, fires and plagues, but also show their attitude towards the threatening phenomena. Antemortem documents present Eastern Orthodox and Uniate burghers of Vilnius as attached to their religion and supporting it financially.

6

Horacy, Sermones 1,8: Poeta na cmentarnych ścieżkach, między prawem i obyczajami

72%

Kuryłowicz M.

Studia Prawnicze KUL

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2013

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nr 4 (56)

25-35

PL

Satyra Horacego pozwala poznać dzieje i funkcje starego cmentarza rzymskiego na Eskwilinie (campus Esquilinus). Ujawniają się także zagadnienia prawne, dotyczące miejsc pochówków oraz nadzoru służb miejskich nad cmentarzami. Całość przekonuje, że poezja może być interesującym źródłem wiedzy nawet o tak mało poetyckich zjawiskach jak cmentarze i pogrzeby.

EN

Horace’s satire sheds light on the history and function of the old Roman cemetery on the Esquiline hill (campus Esquilinus). Legal questions regarding burial grounds and municipal supervision of cemeteries also arise. The whole work proves that poetry may be an interesting source of knowledge even of such hardly poetic phenomena as cemeteries and funerals.

RU

Сатира Горация позволяет познать историю и функции старого римского кладбища на Эсквилине (campus Esquilinus). Появляются также юридические вопросы, касающиеся мест захоронений и досмотра городскими службами кладбищ. Целое убеждает, что поэзия может быть интересующим источником знаний даже о так мало поэтических явлениях как кладбища и похороны.

7

Synody a synodální zákonodárství ve středovýchodní Evropě. Přehled bádání za posledních patnáct let

58%

Krafl P.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2013

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tom 111

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nr 1

117-143

EN

The author presents an overview of research into the issues related to synods and synod legislation in East Central Europe over the last fifteen years. The paper describes the outputs dealing with legatine synods, provincial synods and diocesan synods. The territory is limited to the lands of the Bohemian Crown, Poland, Hungary, Pomerania, the State of German Knights in Prussia and the Margraviate of Meissen. Given the fact that the dioceses of Prague and Olomouc were included in the Mainz church province, the paper also deals with works on Mainz Archbishops’ provincial synods and statutes. The article is structured in the following chapters: 1. Introduction; 2. Position of synodical issues within Czech historiography; 3. Book sources editions; 4. Book monographs; 5. Chapters on synods in syntheses; 6. Conference collections on synods and book anthologies of synodical studies; 7. Studies and articles: 7.1. Legatine, provincial and diocesan synods in the lands of the Bohemian Crown; 7.2. Polish legatine, provincial and diocesan synods; 7.3. Synods in Prussia and Pomerania; 7.4. Legatine synods of Hungary (and Poland) and Hungarian diocesan synods; 7.5. Catholic synods and the Hussite movement; 8. Summary. Publications in preparation.

8

Nemoci, smrt a pohřby Rudolfa II.

58%

Bůžek V. , Marek P.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2013

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tom 111

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nr 1

1-30

EN

This study, based, in particular, on reports, until now unused in research, from foreign envoys to the Imperial Court; the Hapsburgs’family correspondence, the post-mortem report, deals with the course of the illnesses of Rudolph II., his death and funeral ceremonies in Madrid and Prague. In connection with the spread of the reports of the death of the Central European ruler during the year of 1612, the authors have attempted to gain an insight into the contents and means of communication at the Imperial Court in Prague. They have not failed to pay attention to the activities of influential courtiers and their intelligence networks. At the same time they traced the communication routes between Prague, Antwerp, Brussels, Florence, Madrid, Nuremberg and Rome along which the information about the death of Rudolph II and preparations for his funeral spread. The focus of this study lies in the interpretation of the symbolic importance of the social body of the deceased Emperor. From the lying-in-state of the corpse to the requiem mass, he was entering the collective memory as a virtuous ruler, a Christian knight and a defender of the Catholic faith, like his famous ancestors of the Hapsburg dynasty.

9

Dęte orkiestry i zespoły w tradycyjnej kulturze Żmudzi, Litwa

51%

Žarskienė R.

Łódzkie Studia Etnograficzne

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2018

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tom 57

EN

In this article, the primary focus is the tradition of brass bands and orchestras in the lifestyles of Samogitia’s towns and villages in the 20th–21st century. This music-making fromLithuania’s western region (Lith. Žemaitija) is no doubt related to the development of Lithuania’s musical culture as a whole. Therefore, on the basis of historical sources, the author briefly covers the development of ensembles in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The formation of brass ensembles’ tradition was particularly impacted by the celebrations of Catholic Church holidays and solemn processions (particularly in the 17th–18th century), and later – manor orchestras and music schools (end of the 18th–19th century). It was in Samogitia that music-making with brass instruments thrived until the very beginning of the 21st century. The author, on the basis of data collected mainly during fieldworks, reveals the role of brass bands in this region’s folk piety, family and community customs, this tradition’s changes.

PL

W artykule główny nacisk położono na tradycję zespołów i orkiestr dętych w życiu miast i wiosek Żmudzi w XX i XXI wieku. Muzyka z zachodniego regionu Litwy jest niewątpliwiezwiązana z rozwojem litewskiej kultury muzycznej jako całości. Dlatego też, sięgając do źródeł historycznych, autorka w skrócie opisuje rozwój orkiestr w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim. Na powstanie tradycji orkiestr dętych szczególnie wpłynęły obchody świąt katolickich i uroczyste procesje (zwłaszcza w XVII I XVIII wieku), później także funkcjonowanie dworskich orkiestr i szkół muzycznych (koniec XVIII I XIX wiek). Na Żmudzi muzyka instrumentów z mosiądzu rozwijała się do samego początku XXI wieku. Autorka, na podstawie danych zebranych głównie podczas prac terenowych, ujawnia rolę orkiestr dętych w religiności ludowej tego regionu, zwyczajerodzinne i wspólnotowe oraz zmiany zachodzące w tradycji.

10

Obecność tradycji w afrykańskiej nowoczesności

51%

Pawlik J. J.

Studia Warmińskie

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2016

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nr 53

25-38

PL

Bazując głównie na własnych doświadczeniach i badaniach terenowych w Togo w artykule przedstawiono sposób, w jaki tradycja wplata się w nowoczesność, a także ukazano, jak w dyskursie politycznym i społecznym wykorzystuje się światopogląd oparty na religii tradycyjnej. Czy odrzucenie tradycji przez młodych wiąże się z jej hamującą rozwój siłą? Analizie poddano: imperatyw solidarności rodzinnej, który utrudnia rozwój jednostki, rytualizm zmuszający do poświęcenia wszelkich oszczędności na organizację wydarzeń świątecznych oraz czarownictwo, które pozwala na wytłumaczenie nierówności w życiu publicznym. We wszystkich tych obszarach tradycja nie tylko jest obecna, ale odgrywa ważną rolę jako czynnik stabilizujący, wyjaśniający i ogarniający rzeczywistość społeczną.

EN

Based mainly on the author’s own experience and field research in Togo, the article outlines the way in which tradition is woven into modernity, as political and social discourse uses a worldview based on traditional religion. Is the rejection of tradition by young people related to its strength of inhibiting the development? The following were analyzed: the imperative of family solidarity, which hinders the development of the individual and ritualism forcing to sacrifice any savings for the organization of festive events and witchcraft, which provides the explanation of inequality in public life. In all these areas, the tradition is not only present, but it plays an important role as a stabilizing factor, explaining and encompassing social reality.

DE

Der Aufsatz stellt dar, wie in Afrika die Tradition und die Modernität verflochten sind, wie die religiös begründete Weltanschauung durch den sozialen und politischen Diskurs ausgenutzt wird und warum die jungen Afrikaner die Tradition verneinen. Bremst die Tradition die ökonomische und soziale Entwicklung? Der Verfasser analysiert Imperative der Familiensolidarität, die die individuelle Selbstverwirklichung verhindert, Ritualismus, der alle Ersparnisse für die Veranstaltung der Feierlichkeiten verbraucht und Hexerei, die es erlaubt, Ungleichheit auf der politischen Ebene zu erklären. In allen oben erwähnten Faktoren ist die Tradition nicht nur anwesend, sondern sie spielt auch wichtige Rolle in dem Sozialleben.