Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Response of entomofauna communities to spruce forest decline (Karkonosze Mts., Poland)

100%

Dąbrowska-Prot E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

1999

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tom Vol. 47, no 4

409-428

EN

Deforestation of the Karkonosze region affected by industral pollution caused large areas of spruce monocultures to have been transformed into a mosaic of landscapes, the main constituents of which are three types of habitats, namely old-growth spruce forests, deforested areas, and young spruce stands. Responses of entomofauna, Diptera in particular, to the new spatial structure of the landscape were studied. Under conditions of anthropogenic transformations of the mountain forest ecosystems, spruce thickets were found to be important in maintaining biological diversity of the entomofauna.

2

Changes of Abies alba crown state and stand quality class in the Sudety Mountains

72%

Filipiak M.

Dendrobiology

|

2005

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tom 54

11-17

EN

Sudeteny Mts. are a region where the level of industrial air pollution was very high due to brown coal combustion. In this paper I presents the assessments concerning the fir stand quality class and crown vitality.The study were carried out between 1999 and 2001 and supplemented with studies made in 1997 and 2005. My conclusions are based on measurements of 3529 fir trees representing 481 populations of this species in different parts of the Sudety Mts. The stand quality class of the fir in the Sudety Mts. are better than expected but about 0,5 degree lower than in the Carpathians. Our results confirm the reports concerning the strong and very strong damage of fir crowns in the Sudety Mts. in the 1990’s. It was calculated that the average fir in the Sudety Mts. stands has a primary crown with a length that is approximately 19% of the total tree height and which is damaged in approximately 36%. At approximately 23% of the total height the average fir develops a regeneration crown. An additional factor which contributed to fir damage was their frequent presence in thinned stands. In these places the process of crown reconstruction from a wide to a denser is observed. In the recent years the level of industrial pollution in the Sudety Mts. has been strongly reduced. This particularly concerns sulphur oxides. This has contributed to the improvement of the crown health of the studied species, but the crown regeneration is slower than the trunk diameter increment. The crown damages have so far been proportional to the altitude. Trees which grow in stands located in lower areas have healthier crowns. Trees which grow in broken canopy and on hilltops are more vulnerable to the impact of pollution carried by wind and fog. The severe damage to the top parts of the crown has a negative effect on the cone crop of the fir.

3

Annual dynamics of natural regeneration of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) on a research plot located in the area of forest decline in the Silesian Beskid Mountains

72%

Ambrozy S.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

|

2010

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tom 52

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nr 2

EN

The study shows a high dynamics approximately five-year-old natural regeneration of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) growing on the research plot located in the fertile mountain habitat in the middle of the lower montane forest zone in the Silesian Beskid Mountains (Beskid Śląski) compared to its co-occurring species. The dynamics is expressed as a significant annual increment in height and diameter of birch trees, leading in consequence to the appearance of an older sapling phase for most regenerations of this species. This creates the possibility of early undercanopy planting of tree species adjusted to the site conditions, mainly silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).

4

Natural effects of large-area forest decline in the Western Sudeten

72%

Jadczyk P.

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2009

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tom Vol. 35, nr 1

49-56

EN

A forest decline in the large area of the Western Sudeten in the late 70's and early 80's brought about severe changes within the abiotic environment leading to deep transformation of forest ecosystems. All environmental and system communities researched were considerably distorted. A decrease in the number of speciemen and in species diversity of communities as well as a change of dominant species were noted. Soil contamination, no habitat for arboreal species, microclimate changes and an increased insolation of undergrowth were the essential causes of these changes. Some disturbances to environmental conditions triggered changes within the composition of organism communities leading to further cascade disturbances within the composition of other organism communities. Deforestation of large areas was beneficial to photophilic and nitrophilous plants as well as to the birds and mammals of open areas and detritivores.

PL

Wielkoobszarowe zamieranie lasu w Sudetach Zachodnich na przełomie lat 70. i 80. spowodowało drastyczne zmiany w środowisku abiotycznym, prowadząc do głębokiego przeobrażenia ekosystemów leśnych. Znaczącym zmianom uległy wszystkie badane zespoły środowiskowe i systematyczne. W wielu przypadkach nastąpił spadek liczby osobników i różnorodności gatunkowej zespołów oraz zmiana gatunków dominujących. Istotnymi przyczynami tych zmian było zanieczyszczenie gleb, brak siedlisk dla organizmów nadrzewnych, zmiany mikroklimatu oraz zwiększenie intensywności nasłonecznienia w piętrze runa. Niektóre zaburzenia warunków środowiska powodowały zmiany w składzie zespołów organizmów, będąc przyczyną dalszych zaburzeń w zespołach innych organizmów na zasadzie kaskady. Wylesienie znacznych obszarów było korzystne dla roślin światło- i azotolubnych, ptaków i ssaków terenów otwartych i saprofagów.

5

Contribution of Phytophthora spp. in the phenomenon of alder decline in Poland

72%

Oszako T.

Phytopathologia

|

2010

|

tom 57

6

Effect of soil liming on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) plantations

72%

Balcar V. , Kacalek D. , Kunes I. , Dusek D.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2011

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tom 53

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nr 2

EN

Support of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) plantations by amelioration has been tested in air-polluted sites in the mountains since 1993. The research locality is a site with humic podzol soils at an altitude of 960 m a.s.l. Dolomitic limestone (1 kg per tree) was mixed with soil used for planting tree seedlings. According to the results of a 15-year investigation (1993– 2008), liming had a positive effect on beech tree growth, while the positive effect of liming on tree growth was temporary in the case of sycamores. Ca content was higher in the limed beech plantations throughout the observation period. Soil analyses (sampled in 2002) showed that the application of dolomitic limestone influenced soil conditions markedly in terms of increased pH. The pH values measured in H2O increased from 4.9 to 6.2 for beeches and from 4.3 to 6.1 for sycamores.

7

Changes of herb-layer vegetation in mountain spruce forests under the influence of industrial pollution and the forest decline

72%

Wasilowska A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

1999

|

tom 47

|

nr 4

8

Environmental characteristics of the Karkonosze Mts. Region and the problems of spruce forest decline

72%

Dabrowska-Prot E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

1999

|

tom 47

|

nr 4

9

The relationship between tree health and chemical composition of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.) wood of Polish provenances

58%

Szczepkowski A. , Nicewicz D. , Koczon P.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

|

2007

|

tom 06

|

nr 3

10

Using FORDRY model to forecast transformation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in Nadsyansky Regional Landscape Park (Ukrainian Carpathians)

58%

Kozak I. , Parpan T. , Shparyk Y. , Mylenka M. , Kozak-Balaniuk I.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

|

2021

|

tom 63

|

nr 3

11

The content of heavy metals in the wood of healthy and dying oak trees [Quercus robur L., Q. petraea [Matt.] Liebl.]

58%

Szczepkowski A. , Nicewicz D.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

|

2008

|

tom 07

|

nr 4

55-65

12

The content of heavy metals in the wood of healthy and dying beech trees [Fagus sylvatica L.]

58%

Nicewicz D. , Szczepkowski A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

|

2008

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tom 07

|

nr 4

35-44

13

Przyczyny deforestacji w Sudetach Zachodnich

58%

Sporek K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Politechnika Opolska

|

2002

|

tom Vol. 274, z. 3

59-67

PL

Lasy sudeckie obejmują 213 tys. ha, co daje 38% lesistości obszaru geograficznego VII Sudeckiej Krainy Przyrodniczoleśnej. Teren Sudetów należy do obszarów Polski najbardziej dotkniętych klęską ekologiczną. Około 70% borów górnoreglowych w tym regionie jest poważnie uszkodzonych. Destabilizacja ekologiczna zagraża w największym stopniu świerkowi pospolitemu, który lokalnie osiąga do 90% udziału w drzewostanach, a charakteryzuje się wysoką wrażliwością na skażenia. Konflikt środowiskowy może być rozwiązany poprzez odtworzenie naruszonej równowagi ekologicznej. Wylesione zbocza górskie wymagają długiego czasu i trudu przy odbudowie i przebudowie lasów, zarówno pod względem składu gatunkowego, jak i struktury pionowej drzewostanów. Zamieranie lasów przyspieszają gradacje szkodników owadzich, a zakładane uprawy leśne niszczy nadmiar grubej zwierzyny łownej przez zgryzanie. W latach 1980-1988 w ośmiu nadleśnictwach sudeckich dotkniętych klęską ekologiczną pozyskano 4,6 min m3 grubizny, z czego 87% stanowiło drewno posuszowe. Wskutek klęski ekologicznej wylesieniu uległo około 14 000 ha, z czego odnowiono do roku 1993 około 13 800 ha. Duży wpływ na stan upraw miały szkody spowodowane przez gryzonie i zwierzynę łowną oraz nadal istniejące oddziaływanie na sadzonki i glebę substancji fitotoksycznych zawartych w powietrzu i opadach atmosferycznych. Pomimo licznych prób odtwarzania lasu, dotychczasowe efekty są niezadowalające w stosunku do nakładów pracy i środków finansowych.

EN

Forest decline persists in the southwestern part of the country on areas situated higher than 600 m a.s.l. Regeneration of the forest in deforested areas, although repeated many times, proved to be inefficient. Environmental alterations in an area of about 20 000 ha in the western Sudety (especially in the Izerskie Mountains) have a character of sudden ecological transformations: the forest ecosystems disappear and grassy formations arise instead. This phenomenon is characteristic especially for coniferous mountain forests on the slopes where west and southwest winds prevail. The forest decline in the Sudety Mountains is not a simple increase of tree mortality. This phenomenon seems to be a result of the simultaneous occurence of damaging agents, stimulating each other (a synergism feature). There are three groups of them by nature: abiotic (climate, site), anthropogenic (emissions, historical and economic factors) and biotic (insects, fungi, game animals, rodents, weeds). The main threat concerns conifers (fir, spruce, pine). The comeback of tree species on deforested areas is a condition for restoration and persistence of forest ecosystems in artificially barren areas. This primarily means the recultivation of dead and declining forests by means of introducing a regeneration of full value, i.e., forest plantations. Microclimatic changes, regressive succession, chemical and biological changes in the soil subsystem, altered water conditions and erosion make reintroduction of forest plantations impossible in the zone of mountain conifers, if current methods are applied. Main problems: Composition of the atmosphere, soil, and vegetation in the forest decline gradient in the Sudety Mountains (Problem I). The influence of continental and local emissions has very clearly appeared in the Sudety mountain forests (Świeradów and Szklarska Poręba forest inspectorates) and is spreading estwards. The beginning of the subalpine forest decline was observed in 1981, and in 1992 the deforestation area reached 14000 ha. In general we can state that pollution in the natural environment of the Sudeten Mountains still exists and the situation is deteriorating. Symptomatology of stress: reaction of trees, biocenotic and ecosystem changes (Problem II). The monitoring of changes in the behaviour of vegetation in the Sudety ecosystems, reactions of trees and other phenomena form a base for many fields of science and economic activity in the Sudety Mountains. The influence of the forest and economy on hydrographic agents of mountain watersheds and the influence of the forest on circulation of pollution in mountain watersheds (Problem III). Hydrological investigations are closely connected with problems of restitution of deforested areas. They are also one of the elements of ecological bases for recultivation in the regions of deforestation included in Problem IV. Forest restoration and silviculture in deforestated regions in the Sudety Mountains (Problem IV). Problem IV contains issues of forest restitution and silviculture, mainly in subalpine forests of western Sudety Mountains on ecological bases, i.e. based on hydrological, microclimatic and phytosociological investigations.

14

Effects of spruce forest degradation on abundance and diversity of the biocenoses. Research synthesis

58%

Dabrowska-Prot E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

1999

|

tom 47

|

nr 4

15

Effect of spruce forest decline on spider communities of Karkonosze Mts.

58%

Luczak J. , Wozny M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

1999

|

tom 47

|

nr 4

16

Response of entomofauna communities to spruce forest decline [Karkonosze Mts., Poland]

58%

Dabrowska-Prot E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

1999

|

tom 47

|

nr 4

17

Growth reaction of European silver fir [Abies alba Mill.] associated with air quality improvement in the Sudeten Mountains

58%

Filipiak M. , Ufnalski K.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2004

|

tom 13

|

nr 3

EN

The Sudeten Mountains are a region where the level of industrial air pollution is high due to brown coal combustion, but now the impact of pollution on the environment has greatly decreased. In this paper we attempted to determine how this fact affected the condition of silver fir trees. Our conclusions are based mainly on measurements of trunk diameter increments of 250 fir trees representing 42 populations of this species in different parts of the Sudeten. The main conclusion is that silver fir, at least to the age of 130 years, has the ability to endure unfavourable conditions and can substantially increase its growth rate in association with air quality improvement.

18

Rola owadów kambio- i ksylofagicznych w procesie zamierania jodłowych drzewostanów Ojcowskiego Parku Narodowego, znajdujących się pod wpływem imisji przemysłowych

51%

Zabecki W.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Silvestris

|

1988

|

tom 27

19

Brzoza brodawkowata (Betula pendula Roth) jako gatunek przedplonowy na otwartych powierzchniach powstałych po rozpadzie monokultur świerkowych w Beskidzie Śląskim

44%

Jaworski A. , Kornik S.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Silvestris

|

2011

|

tom 49

EN

The purpose of the research was to study some of the features of silver birch, in its habitat conditions, as a naturally occurring pioneer crop appearing in open spaces formed by the disintegration of the Norway spruce monocultures in the Silesian Beskid Mountains. On the three research plots the occurrence of the young natural regeneration and understorey of 13 species of trees and shrubs was determined. On the basis of the number of specimens it was found that the most dominant species in the whole area was Norway spruce (56-64%). Birch accounted for 14-16%, and all pioneer species (Betula pendula, Populus tremula, Pinus sylvestris, Salix caprea, Sorbus aucuparia) accounted for 21-23%. However, the researched plots are generally covered by birch due to the share of this species amounts to nearly 90% in the height classes above 0.5 m. The birch appeared within 4-6 years of the disintegration period of the spruce stand. The succession of the birch, its quick growth and ability to develop a crown confirm the possibility of using this species as a pioneer crop. Climax species (silver fir and common beech) can be introduced to a seven-year-old birch pioneer crop, depending on the birch vitality, with the assumption of the conversion period of 30 to 40 years. In the case of the birch vitality abatement the suggested period of conversion will have to be shortened.

20

Stan zdrowotny zagrozonych wymieraniem drzewostanow bukowych w Polsce

44%

Szczepkowski A. , Tarasiuk S.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

|

2005

|

tom 04

|

nr 1

71-85