Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Foreign Terrorist Fighters from the Perspective of Polish and European Criminal Law

100%

Gacka P.

Studia Iuridica

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2017

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tom 71

25-49

EN

Foreign terrorist fighters represent one of the powerful threats to the security of states and humanity in the 21st century. Besides participating in the actions of the Islamic State, they also pose a significant danger when they return to their countries of origin to recruit new volunteers, radicalize local communities and actively partake in terrorist attacks. So as to increase the effectiveness of the fight against terrorism, states and international organizations (the EU, Council of Europe, UN) have been moving in the direction of criminalizing all manifestations of terrorist activity. The paper strives to achieve the following: providing a definition of foreign terrorist fighters; proffering a legal qualification of travel abroad undertaken by Polish citizens for terrorist purposes by reference to selected provisions of the Polish Criminal Code; conducting an analysis of the provisions of EU Directive of 15 March 2017 on combating terrorism against the backdrop of the criminalization of the activity of foreign terrorist fighters; comparing the Polish and European criminal legislations within the pertinent scope. De lege ferenda comments will be offered by means of a summary.

2

Interpol wobec problemu tzw. zagranicznych bojowników terrorystycznych (foreign terrorist fighters)

100%

Szumski A.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2018

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tom 40

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nr 1

53-60

EN

The challenges for present security include the problem of so-called foreign terrorist fighters. Threats concerned this issue are different, and they are a subject of interest of both countries and international organizations, including Interpol. The International Criminal Police Organization, being a worldwide entity, has broad possibilities of support of its member countries in fight against the above mentioned problem. This support concerns mainly help regarding an access to information, as well as coordination of actions being undertaken by law enforcement agencies.

3

Nové možnosti trestného postihu cudzích bojovníkov? Niekoľko poznámok k právnej úprave § 419A Trestného zákona

100%

Kozák P.

Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

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2016

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tom 155

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nr 9

754-773

EN

The article discusses elements of criminal offence called participation in combat activities of organized armed group on the territory of other State. In its first part, new criminal terminology is clarified, especially with regards to concepts of “organized armed group”, “direct participation in combat activities” and “war”. The second part identifies the weaknesses of the elements of criminal offence in question, consisting in two aspects: insufficiently settled meaning of certain concepts and their application by relevant bodies acting in the criminal proceedings and by judicial bodies within the factual legal environment of contemporary armed conflicts. This part of the article further analyses mutual relation between the criminal offence of active participation in combat activities of organized armed group and terrorism as a crime recognized by the Criminal code and as a threat to international peace and security within international legal environment. The article tries to answer the question whether qualification of direct participation in combat activities of organized armed group as a criminal offence was a necessary measure and in this regard provides a brief analysis of levant legal norms and related draft legislation that is proposed to be adopted within the legal order of Czech Republic. The article concludes with author’s opinion that it seems to be more suitable to prosecute individuals for particular acts that violate certain provisions of the Criminal code, whether they occur during an armed conflict or not.

SK

Článok pojednáva o novej právnej úprave skutkovej podstaty trestného činu účasti na bojovej činnosti organizovanej ozbrojenej skupiny na území iného štátu.V jeho prvej časti je ozrejmený význam terminológie, s ktorou pracuje uvedená skutková podstata, a to rozborom pojmov „organizovaná ozbrojená skupina“, „aktívne podieľanie sa na bojovej činnosti (organizovanej ozbrojenej skupiny)“ a „vojna“. Druhá časť identifikuje slabiny skutkovej podstaty spočívajúce predovšetkým v nedostatočne ustálenom význame niektorých použitých pojmov a v ich sťaženej aplikácií s ohľadom na reálie súčasných ozbrojených konfliktov. V tejto časti je zároveň analyzovaný vzájomný vzťah predmetného trestného činu k trestným činom terorizmu podľa Trestného zákona, respektive k aktom terorizmu, ktoré sú Bezpečnostnou radou OSN dlhodobo vyhodnocované ako hrozba pre medzinárodný mier a bezpečnosť. Článok polemizuje nad potrebou uzákonenia postihu účasti na bojovej činnosti organizovanej ozbrojenej skupiny v (cudzom) ozbrojenom konflikte, zamýšľa sa nad jeho prínosom pre slovenskú právnu úpravu a v tomto smere, pre účely komparácie, venuje pozornosť českej právnej úprave a súvisiacim aktuálnym legislatívnym aktivitám. V závere sa prikláňa ku konštatovaniu, že vhodnejším nástrojom represie sa javí jednotlivcov stíhať za konkrétne skutky, ktorých sa dopustia v čase ozbrojeného konfliktu, ak sú tieto trestnými podľa konkrétnych ustanovení Trestného zákona.

4

COVID-19 as a Green Light for the Regeneration of ISIS’ Forces in North-East Syria

88%

Schaefer O.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2022

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nr 2 (51)

90-95

EN

Following the fall of the so-called Islamic State in March 2019, tens of thousands of its fighters, along with their wives and children, were captured and detained in facilities controlled by Syrian Democratic Forces in northeast Syria. Many of which were European. Based on the information provided by scientific institutes and journalists, the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic had had a significant impact on the functioning of those facilities. Not only did it aggravate an already severe humanitarian crisis, pushing the detainees to reinforce their attempts of escaping and rioting against the guards, but it also lowered the security level in the controlled facilities, allowing a flourishing of criminal activities. Furthermore, the detainment of ISIS followers turned into a political game between the Kurdish coalition and the United States. The global health crisis put to the test the strategy of many Western governments of keeping European ISIS fighters in the Middle East while pressuring the international community to rethink its approach towards this crescent problem.

5

Prawo międzynarodowe wobec możliwości pozbawienia obywatelstwa za działalność terrorystyczną

88%

Pączek M.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2019

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nr 6(155)

81-98

EN

Until recently, the question of citizenship deprivation for national security reasons had not attracted much attention among policymakers and international scholars. Things changed after some states had enacted or amended their laws so as to permit denationalization of their citizens engaged in terrorist activities at home or — which is more often the case — abroad. In most countries this shift was a response to the problem of “foreign terrorist fighters”, namely terrorist fighters who first leave their home country to join terrorist organizations abroad and then return. This article examines in detail the question of whether or not it is possible under international law to deprive a person of his/her citizenship because of involvement in terrorist activities. While answering this question affirmatively, the author wonders how far states can go in the exercise of citizenship deprivation powers and to what extent relevant norms and principles of international law limit state powers in this regard

6

A New Chapter in the EU Counterterrorism Policy? The Main Changes Introduced by the Directive 2017/541 on Combating Terrorism

75%

MaliszewskaNienartowicz J.

Polish Yearbook of International Law

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2017

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tom 37

185-201

EN

Taking into account that terrorism has grown in recent years, the EU institutions decided to update the legal framework which provides for fighting this phenomenon. Consequently, the Council Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA was replaced by the EU Directive 2017/541 of the European Parliament and of the Council on combating terrorism, which should be implemented by the Member States by 8 September 2018. This new act contains a long list of terrorist offences, offences related to a terrorist group, and offences related to terrorist activities. It also stipulates penal sanctions for terrorist offences and provides measures of protection, support and assistance for terrorism victims. This article is a commentary on these groups of provisions and compares them to the previously binding ones. Thus, it indicates the legal changes introduced by the Directive which have to be taken into account by the Member States while implementing it. The comparison of these new provisions with the previously binding ones is also helpful in answering the question posed in the title: Can the Directive 2017/541 be treated as a new chapter in combating terrorism by the European Union?