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EN
Great advances have been made in recent years in marker detection systems and in the techniques used to identify markers linked to useful traits. While RFLP markers have been the basis for most work in crop plants, useful markers have been generated using RAPD and AFLP methods. More recently, microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have been developed for major crop plants and this marker system is predicted to lead to even more rapid advances in both marker development and implementation in breeding programs. Identification of markers linked to useful traits has been based on complete linkage maps and bulked segregant analysis. However, alternative methods, such as the construction of partial maps and combination of pedigree and marker information, have also proved useful in identifying marker/trait associations. The value of markers in analysing the inheritance of traits in crop plants and understanding genome structure and organization is now well established. The different properties of markers systems and their applications in genome analysis and molecular breeding of cereals species are discussed.
EN
The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between the time when an infant’s first incisor teething occurred, the infant’s state of health and selected environmental and living conditions. 483 infants participated in this research and their health development was monitored monthly in a local hospital in Wroclaw. The teething of the infants was studied from the time of their birth until the age of 18 months. The descriptions of the infants’ living and environmental conditions and their developmental stages were analysed on the basis of 10 standardised characteristics. The results of this study showed that there were strong relationships between the teething of infants’ incisors, their living conditions and individual progress in health development.
EN
The investigations of the impact of disturbance severity on recruitment of clonal plant species were preformed in three Molinietum caeruleae patches dominated by small meadow species (MC), or prevailed by tall grasses (GR) or overgrown by willows (SA). The meadows were located in Vistula valley close to Kraków agglomeration, southern Poland. In above menntionned patches ten permanent experimental plots were randomly arranged. Each plot was divided in four subplots measured 900 cm² represented undisturbed control, low level of disturbance (the litter and the moss layer removal), intermediate level of disturbance (the litter, moss and above-ground vegetation removal), high level of disturbance (the litter, moss and the plants removal as well as top soil raking). The colonization of gaps was observed in the years 2008–2010. Irrespective of patch character, the greatest species richness and seedling abundance were observed in gaps, which occurred in result of intermediate disturbances. Weaker recruitment rates were recorded in openings left after disturbances of low- and high severity, while in fully compact herb layer no seedlings were found. In MC patch, regardless of treatment in all openings similar spectra of life history traits were observed. In seedling pool of all subplots appeared taxa creating below ground organs of clonal growth. In all subplots dominated species with intermediate values of lateral spread, numerous vegetative descendants, short-lasting stems and no persistent genet integration. In sites GR and SA in openings left after weak disturbances appeared species with below- and aboveground organs of clonal growth. The majority of them characterized by slight lateral spread, low number of vegetative offsprings, long lifespan of shoots and persistent genet integration. The abundance of taxa creating underground clonal growth organs, with considerable vegetative spread, high production of daughter ramets, short lifespan of shoots and not enduring genet integration increased gradually and significantly with disturbance gradient. Although the greatest recruitment rates were found in gaps left after removal of litter, moss and above-ground parts of plants, the most effective way for conservation of Molinietum caeruleae meadows appeared to be creation of different severity disturbances. Such treatment contributes to maintenance of heterogeneity of clonal species composition, especially in patches in advanced successional stages.
EN
In case of disabled people we cannot discuss full health. Depending on the type of disability, mental or physical health is affected, or both. That is why social health as a third component of health is so important. Social health is determined by the disabled persons’ ability to work in a healthy place [1, 2] The main aim of this study was to describe the scale of the unemployment among disabled people as a social health threat in Podlasie region. The detailed aim was to describe how sheltered work facilities deal with unemployment. To analyze the problem of unemployment and sheltered work facilities activity we used information from GUS, the Regional Work Office in Białystok, the Podlasie Regional Office in Białystok, the Podlasie Department PFRON and local self-government. The results show that unemployment among disabled people is a big problem in Poland – among 4,085,000 disabled people in Poland, 3,550,000 are unemployed or professionally inactive. At the end of 2005 in the Podlasie region there were 2,315 of disabled people, which were 3.2% of all unemployed in the region. The following conclusions were drawn from the above-mentioned results: 1. The number of disabled people to the Podlasie is lower than the average for Poland; according to NSP data from 2002 there are approximately 143 disabled people per 1,000 inhabitants, and in Podlasie – 129 per 1000 inhabitants. 2. The main social health threat of disabled people aged 15-65 in Podlasie is unemployment.
EN
During a routine inspection of the mosquito fauna in the Košická Basin (Eastern Slovakia), in one of the monitored locations we have caught 4 females of the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus, using the CO2 baited CDC traps. Occurrence of this particular mosquito has already been reported in many European countries; in Slovakia, however, this is the first finding ever. The finding of Ae. albopictus extends the list of the mosquito fauna in Slovakia to 50 species and Slovakia thus ranks among other 20 European countries where this mosquito was observed. The presence of Ae. albopictus increased the probability of transmission of canine and human dirofilariosis in urban environment.
EN
The paper describes the modelling ofeg g production in Acartia spp. under changing environmental conditions in the southern Baltic Sea (Gdańsk Deep). The hypothesis (Sekiguchi et al. 1980) that the food-saturated rate of egg matter production is equivalent to specific growth rate ofco pepods is applied. The average number ofeggs produced per day by one Acartia female is obtained as a function ofg rowth rate, i.e. by multiplying exp gN3 − 1 from the growth rate of the nauplius stage equation by Wfemale/Wegg. The copepod model, reduced to a zerodimensional population model calibrated for Acartia spp. under the environmental conditions typical ofthe southern Baltic Sea, was used to determine the effects of temperature and food concentration on the growth rate ofeac h oft he model stages (see Part 1 – Dzierzbicka-Głowacka et al. 2009 – this issue). In this part, egg production as a function of the above parameters is evaluated. The rate of reproduction during the seasons in the upper layer ofthe Gdańsk Deep is also determined.
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