Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Evaluation of the impact of public support from the point of convergence criterion

100%

Lucie S. , Martin S.

Littera Scripta

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2016

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nr 2

104-122

EN

The article deals with the ex post evaluation of the impact of drawing funds from operational programmes to achieve convergence in the field of tourism after the Czech Republic became a member of the EU. The evaluation of the achievement of convergence or divergence among regions is based on the beta and sigma convergence indicators which enable the evaluation of the development of time series of relevant indicators (in this case, indicators in the field of tourism). This evaluation was carried out within the regions brought together under NUTS II. The investigation is the result of evaluation indicators showing the achievement of convergence within the regions in only a few cases. Convergence was therefore not proven in all cases. In some cases, there was even a tendency towards divergence among the regions. In addition, the relationship between the aid granted and the annual growth of the chosen indicators was not achieved in all cases. This indicates that relevant local factors carry more weight and have a greater impact on an area than drawing support from EU funds.

2

Influence of crack location on divergence and flutter instability of a column subjected to generalized load

100%

Sokół K.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Matematyki i Informatyki Politechniki Częstochowskiej

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2011

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tom Vol. 10, nr 1

223-230

EN

In this paper, the results of numerical studies on the divergence and flutter instability and vibration of a geometrically nonlinear column subjected to generalized load are presented. The system is loaded by axially applied external force P. The direction of action of the force is dependent on follower factor η. The Hamilton principle was used to formulate the boundary problem. Due to the geometric nonlinearity, the solution to the problem was performed by means of the perturbation method. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of the location of the crack on divergence and flutter loading as well as natural vibration frequency. The presented results of numerical calculations also concern the influence of rotational spring stiffness and follower factor η on the investigated parameters.

3

The Global Economy in the 21st Century: Will the Trends of the 20th Century Continue?

100%

Gomułka S.

Central European Economic Journal

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2017

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tom 2

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nr 49

EN

This paper compares three lists of basic ‘stylized facts’ of global economic growth and proposes a list of five ‘stylized trends’ that describe the main developments of the global economy in the 20th century. The author’s main purpose is to answer the question whether, in the light of the contemporary growth theory and demographic forecasts, these trends are likely to continue in the 21st century. Considering this theory, it is argued that the global economy rate of growth of the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is likely to continue to be high in the first half of the current century, but decline significantly in the second half. This paper offers forecasts for the average growth rates during this century, and the levels by its end, of the per capita GDP for the technology frontier area (TFA) of the world, and for the countries outside the TFA. According to these forecasts, the strong divergence trend of the 19th and 20th centuries will be replaced by a strong convergence between the TFA and the other countries during the 21st century.

4

Polityka Unii Europejskiej wobec regionów o niższym poziomie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego

100%

Kabat-Rudnicka D.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2011

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nr 869

27-41

EN

The EU’s regional policy, especially the financial assistance directed to less socially and economically developed regions in an enlarged and diversified Union of 27 member states, is a problem of both scientific and practical importance. The article focuses on theoretical foundations including the theory of regional convergence and divergence and strategy for endogenous development. It then goes on to provide critical views which have raised doubts about the effectiveness of external assistance. In this context, the EU’s programmes directed towards the development of less developed regions are very important. The author concludes that the financial assistance directed towards less developed countries and regions is legitimised and even necessary. Taking into account its scope and the scale of needs, the primary source of financial assistance should be EU funds and also the countries themselves. If greater convergence between rich and poor regions is to be achieved, a strategy for endogenous development is also needed.

5

Return on Sales for Companies in Eastern Poland

100%

Wierzbicka W.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2015

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tom 10

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nr 4

373-384

EN

This study has been performed in order to assess the return on sales for business enterprises in Eastern Poland, compared to companies in other Polish regions, and to explore how values of this metric have changed between 2007 and 2013. The findings can be summarized as follows: in 2007-2013, the gross return on sales generated by companies in the provinces of Eastern Poland, as well as elsewhere in the country, decreased. However, the dynamics of these changes varied greatly between individual provinces. Within the whole conglomeration of the Polish provinces, certain processes of internal convergence and divergence could be distinguished. Divergent processes were identified in two provinces located in Eastern Poland, namely the Lubelskie region and the Podlaskie region, while the other three provinces in the same part of Poland (Podkarpackie, Świętokrzyskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie) were observed to undergo convergent processes.

6

On bifurcation load of a three-member slender system with an internal crack subjected to Euler’s load

100%

Uzny S. , Sokół K.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2018

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tom Vol. 56 nr 1

269--281

EN

The results of numerical simulations presented in this paper are concerned with instability of a three member slender system subjected to Euler load. The investigated column is built up as a flat frame composed of three rods. In the internal one, the defect is present in form of a crack. The boundary problem has been formulated on the basis of a static criterion of instability. The boundary conditions associated with different types of supports are obtained by proper selection of parameters of the generalized load. On the basis of these results, the magnitude of bifurcation load can be determined.

7

The world economy in the XXI c.: will the XX c. trends persist?

100%

Gomułka S.

Nauka

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2017

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nr 1

PL

The paper proposes a list of five „stylized facts”, regarded as the main trends with respect to the development of the global economy in the 20th c. The author’s main purpose is to answer the question whether, in the light of the contemporary growth theory and demographic forecasts, these trends are likely to continue unchanged also in the 21st c. Taking into account this theory and those forecasts, the paper offers forecasts of the average GDP per capita for both the countries of the Technology Frontier Area (TFA) and the catching-up countries. By these forecasts, the strong divergence trend of the last two centuries will be replaced by a strong convergence trend during the 21st c. Moreover, the global rate of growth of the per capita GDP will continue to be high in the first half of the current century, but strongly declining in the second half.

8

Convergence and divergence processes in regional development

100%

Burnasov A. , Ilyushkina M. , Kovalev Y. , Stepanov A.

Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego

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2014

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tom 26

25-30

EN

The article deals with the basic trends of regions in the context of globalization and regionalizationof the world’s economy. The most important factors of regional development today are theinnovation resource areas, their institutional environment, political regimes as well as regional policy,and geographical and socio-demographic factors.

9

Wokół liczb i szeregów harmonicznych

100%

Wiśniewski D.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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2015

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tom 7

99-109

PL

The harmonic series is one of the most celebrated infinite series ofmathematics. From a pedagogical point of view, the harmonic series providesa wealth of opportunities. Applications such as Gabriel’s wedding cake andEuler’s proof of the divergence of prime numbers can lead to some verynice discussions. The main idea of this article is to survey some of unusual,insightful and inspiring divergence proofs. First of all, this article is addressedat first-year calculus students.

10

Influence of the supporting spring stiffness on the vibrations and stability of geometrically non-linear column

100%

Przybylski J.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2001

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tom Vol. 39 nr 1

129-152

EN

In the paper, the non-linear vibrations and stability of a compound tworod column with different bending rigidities of its members are investigated. The support of the column is pinned and has a rotational spring the stiffness of which can be either constant or dependent on the applied load. A perturbation technique is chosen to solve the problem. As the column is loaded by a partially follower load it loses its stability via divergence or flutter. For the case of the nonconservative load an adjoint system is formulated for finding the amplitude-frequency relation. The linear part of the natural frequency for adjoint systems is the same, but the non-linear terms differ for each system because they depend on the vibration modes. The support stiffening may lower the critical load of the column.

PL

Wpływ sztywności sprężyny podpierającej geometrycznie nieliniową kolumnę na jej drgania i stateczność. W pracy analizowane są drgania i stateczność kolumny złożonej z dwóch prętów i podpartej na sprężynie rotacyjnej, której sztywność jest stała lub zależna od przyłożonego obciążenia zewnętrznego. Ponieważ siła zewnętrzna jest częściowo śledząca, to kolumna może tracić stateczność przez dywergencję lub flatter. Celem znalezienia relacji amplituda-częstość dla obciążenia niezachowawczego znaleziono układ sprzężony. Wykazano, że liniowy składnik rozwinięcia częstości drgań obu układów jest taki sam, natomiast składowe nieliniowe są różne. Przeprowadzono badania numeryczne, na podstawie których stwierdzono m.in., że wzrost sztywności sprężyny podpierającej kolumnę może obniżać wartość jej siły krytycznej.

11

Assessment of the Economic Cohesion of the Lubelskie Voivodship

88%

Kowerski M. , Bielak J. , Długosz D. , Poninkiewicz M.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2014

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nr 3(37)

139-154

EN

Cohesion is one of the most fundamental objectives of European regional policy. The basic unit of the cohesion policy in Poland is a voivodship. However voivodships in a lot of cases do not have the characteristics of a definition of region – they are not uniform in economic, social and cultural terms. That is why it seems quite legitimate to question the internal consistency within a voivodship. The aim of the article is to assess the change in differences of the Gross Domestic Product per capita in the Lubelskie Voivodship, divided into four subregions. The assessment has been made by employing statistical analysis and models of convergence for the period of 1999-2012. The research indicates that starting from 2007 we can observe sigma and beta divergence in the area under study. The metropolitan subregion of Lublin has been developing faster than other much poorer subregions and is characterized by the highest growth rate. Therefore, referring to the discussion about a “two speed Europe” it is also possible to speak – of course being fully aware of the different problems – about a “two speed voivodship.”

PL

Spójność jest jednym z podstawowych celów europejskiej polityki regionalnej. W Polsce podstawowym podmiotem tej polityki jest województwo. Jednak w wielu przypadkach województwa nie mają charakteru regionu, czyli nie są obszarami jednolitymi z punktu widzenia gospodarczego, społecznego oraz kulturowego. Dlatego całkiem uzasadnione wydaje się pytanie o spójność wewnętrzną województw. W artykule dokonano analiz statystycznych zmian PKB per capita w czterech subregionach województwa lubelskiego i oszacowano przekrojowe i panelowe modele konwergencji dla lat 1999–2012. Z przeprowadzonych obliczeń wynika, że począwszy od 2007 roku w województwie lubelskim mamy do czynienia z sigma i beta dywergencją. Lubelski podregion metropolitalny rozwija się o wiele szybciej niż pozostałe – znacznie biedniejsze podregiony. Tym samym nawiązując do prowadzonej dyskusji o „two speed Europe” można mówić, oczywiście z pełną świadomością różnicy problemów, o „two speed voivodship”.

12

Information infrastructure as a pillar of the knowledge-based economy ? an analysis of regional differentiation in Poland

88%

Wierzbicka W.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2018

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tom 13

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nr 1

123-139

EN

Research background: Information infrastructure is a very important pillar within a knowledge-based economy. The widespread use of information and communication technologies facilitates effective communication, dissemination and processing of information and knowledge. It also creates new opportunities for the effective use of knowledge and information in building competitive advantage. Information infrastructure is also a significant determinant in the development of territorial units, and therefore it affects the regional dimension of building the knowledge-based economy in Poland. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the study was to evaluate regional differentiation of the level of information infrastructure in Poland, and changes which occurred in this respect between 2010 and 2015. An attempt was made to provide an answer to the following question: Are regional differences in the level of information infrastructure in Poland increasing or decreasing, i.e. is a regional divergence or a regional convergence process taking place in this respect? Methods: Taxonomic methods were used, including linear ordering based on a synthetic variable and a method of grouping linearly-ordered objects. Findings & Value added: The regional differentiation of the level of information infra-structure in Poland has slightly decreased, which means, that a slow convergence process has taken place in this respect. This fact is confirmed by the value of the variation coefficient, which fell from a level of 17.6% in 2010 to a level of 14.4% in 2015. Convergence processes were observed in twelve provinces. In the case of seven of them, they had the nature of a catching-up effect, and in the case of the remaining five - a lagging-behind effect. Divergence processes were observed in four provinces. The Dolnośląskie and Mazowieckie Provinces distanced themselves from other areas of the country. In the Małopolskie and Opolskie Provinces a marginalisation effect was observed.

13

The risk of the increasing divergence of the eurozone and the problem of macroeconomic imbalances in a three-gap model

88%

Jacek P.

Economics and Business Review

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2016

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tom 2(16)

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nr 2

18-38

EN

The negative effects of the last financial and economic crisis as seen in the deterioration of the state of public finances of the eurozone Member States highlighted weaknesses in the present institutional system. The fact that structural reforms have stopped, as well as unfavourable demographic changes, make the convergence processes and the growth of eurozone economies slow down. Increasing divergence with regard to trade balance deficits, budget deficits, investments and private savings is a significant limiting factor here. The aim of this paper is to answer the question as to whether the present situation of the eurozone economies is of a convergent or divergent nature. For this purpose the following have been analysed and assessed: the last financial crisis' consequences for eurozone countries; basic indicators related to the EU Member States' macroeconomic situation; domestic economies convergence/divergence in the eurozone - in relation to other Member States; increased divergence of regional development within a country, the so-called regional divergence; criteria of convergence; macroeconomic factors and – as mentioned before – the listed indicators resulting from the research method adopted . The method of study in this paper was the analysis of the risk of the eurozone's macroeconomic imbalance on the basis of the three-gap model.Results of the analysis showed significant imbalances within individual economies in terms of all the above mentioned parameters. This analysis showed the increasing trend related to eurozone divergence.

14

The world economy in the XXI c.: will the XX c. trends persist?

88%

Gomułka S. , Gomułka S.

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nr 1

15

Rentowność sprzedaży przedsiębiorstw prywatnych w Polsce – ujęcie regionalne

88%

Farelnik E. , Wierzbicka W.

Pieniądze i Więź

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2013

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tom 16

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nr 1(58)

135-144

EN

The aim of the study was the evaluation of the private companies’ sales profitability in Poland in voivodeships’ dimension and the status of regional disparities in this respect. The results of the analysis can be summarized as follows. In the years 1999-2010, the level of profitability of sales of private companies in Poland increased approximately three times and regional disparities in this area have significantly decreased. This is supported by the decreasing value of the coefficient of variation, which fell from 37% in 1999 to 18% in 2010. The dynamics of changes in individual regions was very different. As a consequence, in voivodeships were observed in parallel processes of convergence and divergence, including these of marginalization nature. Processes of this nature were observed, for example, in Lubelskie, Lubuskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeships.

16

Asymetrická divergencia spisovnej slovenčiny a spisovnej češtiny na slovotvornej rovine

88%

Lifanov K.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2017

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tom 78

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nr 4

305-321

EN

Classical theories of language contact consider its results only as the interference of two languages leading to convergence phenomena. However, when two closely related literary languages remain in contact, divergence phenomena form new contrasts in the receiving language, showing great vitality, and prevent further convergence with the dominate language. We refer to this type of divergence, in which new phenomena arise in only one of the languages, as asymmetric. In this article, I consider asymmetric divergence at the word-formation level, using material from the Slovak and Czech literary languages, with Slovak acting as the receiving language. I consider the cases of the following divergent processes: nomina loci with the suffix -išt(e), deverbal adjectives with the suffix -l(ý), adverbs with the suffix -e, some categories of numerals and words with numerical value, deverbal nomina agentis with the suffix -teľ, and adjectives which acquire the suffix -iansk(y).

RU

Классическая теория языковых контактов рассматривает их результаты лишь как интерференцию двух языков, приводящую к явлениям конвергентного характера. Однако при продолжающихся тесных языковых контактах между двумя близкородственными литературными языками в принимающем языке, проявляющим большýю жизнеспособность, во избежание смены языка возникают дивергентные явления, которые препятствуют его еще большему сближению с языком-донором, образуя новые контрасты. Такой тип дивергенции, при которой новые явления возникают только в одном языке, а в другом сохраняется старое состояние, мы называем асимметричной. Асимметричная дивергенция в данной статье рассматривается на словообразовательном уровне на материале словацкого и чешского литературных языков, причем в этой паре в качестве принимающего языка выступает словацкий. В статье показаны дивергентные процессы, которые охватили nomina loci с суффиксом -išt(e), девербативные адъективалии с суффиксом -l(ý), наречия с суффиксом -е, некоторые разряды числительных и слова с числовым значением, девербативные nomina agentis с суффиксом -teľ, прилагательные, приобретающие суффикс -iansk(y), и т. д.

17

Solving the stationary hydroaeroelasticity problem for dynamic deflection elements of separation devices

88%

Pavlenko I. , Liaposhchenko A. , Ochowiak M. , Demyanenko M.

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2018

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tom Vol. 29

art. no. 2018026

EN

The paper presents a method for expanding the working range of separation elements, where the separation is conducted through the use of inertia particles. The presented dynamic separation elements work as the automatic control system (the regulating action is the elastic energy; the regulation object is the hydraulic resistance). It was taken the first step to the engineering method development for their calculation using analytical dependences of the finite element method. The critical velocity of the gas-liquid flow was determined, that causes a divergence phenomenon of dynamic separation device elements and expressions for generalized forces for the system “gas-liquid flow is a dynamic deflection element.” Two-knot finite elements with two degrees of freedom (transverse displacement and angle of the cross-section rotation) were used for dynamic deflection elements. The given number of degrees of freedom of the mechanical system “gas-liquid flow is a dynamic deflection element” due to the consideration of the transverse deformations of the plate allows simplifying the mathematical model. It was suggested to use aerohydroplastic phenomena of dynamic non-stability of dynamic deflection elements of separating devices, analogous to the method of applying acoustic oscillations to a heterogeneous stream, for the coagulation of dispersed particles in the flow.

18

Ziegler Problem Revisited : Flutter and Divergence Interactions in a Generalized System

88%

Kurnik W. , Bogacz R.

Machine Dynamics Research

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2013

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tom Vol. 37, No. 4

71-84

EN

The classic Ziegler column under compressive follower force is considered now in a generalized form including a stabilizing spring acting at the end of the column. Damping in the joints is neglected. With increasing spring stiffness from zero to infinity one can observe evolution of the dynamic properties of the column from the original free-end form to the limit configuration with the end simply supported. Attention is focused not only on the stability of the straight-form equilibrium of the column but also on the eigen-frequencies, eigen-values and eigen-forms of motion of the column near the equilibrium. The follower force is responsible for loss of stability but the stabilizing spring considerably affects the stability boundary. The most interesting phenomena occur in the low zone of the spring stiffness where quite complicated interactions between flatter and divergence is observed under increasing follower force. Detailed analysis of the eigen-values is presented in the four regions of the parameter space to demonstrate new phenomena not reported in the literature.

19

Contingence et représentation arborescente : le cheminement de Darwin des les otebooks jusqu’à la première édition de l’Origine des Espèces

76%

Soubbotnik M. A.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2017

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tom 44

|

nr 4

95-115

EN

This study attempts to show how Darwin’s 1otebooks provide evidence that the author of the Origin of the Species moved further and further away from various versions of a “system of nature” based on some complex, abstract, finalized order, by combining empirical testing and shifts in the schematic representation of the relations between taxonomic categories.

20

Konwergencja czy dywergencja polskich rynków pracy?

75%

Misiak T. , Tokarski T. , Włodarczyk R. W.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2011

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tom 249

|

nr 7-8

47-69

EN

The authors employ statistical analysis to determine if Poland’s regional and local job markets are subject to convergence or divergence in macroeconomic terms. The article analyzes selected labor market variables such as productivity at the regional level, real wages and the unemployment rate. The analyses are based on data from the website www.stat.gov.pl for the 2002-2009 period and for the 2002-2007 period in the case of labor productivity. The authors examine the main theoretical aspects of the processes of real convergence and divergence. They present statistical analyses of unconditional s - and b-convergence at the regional and local levels using panel data. The article ends with a summary and a set of conclusions. The research carried out by the authors reveals that none of the analyzed labor market variables, at either the local or regional levels, was subject to s-convergence throughout the analyzed period, but in specific sub-periods both convergence and divergence processes were observed. The convergence equations estimated by the authors show that only the unemployment rate was subject to b-convergence in both regional and local terms. In the analysis at the regional level, a divergence of real wages was observed in 15 provinces, with Mazovia province being the only exception nationwide. In turn, the research did not confirm that there is a divergence of wages at the county level, the authors note. In the analyzed period, labor productivity at the regional level was not subject to either b-convergence or divergence.