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1
Content available remote On Mieshalkin-Rogozin theorem and some decompositions
100%
EN
This paper was inspired by the work by A. Chaturredi, U. Rani, Estimation Procedures for a Family of Density Functions Representing Various Life Testing Models, Metrika, Vol. 46 (9), 1997 (formula (1) of this paper), which included a discussion of the four parametric density family. In this paper I discuss possibilities of decompositions of this family and applications of the Mieshalkin-Rogozin theorem.[…] After proving the convergence of the series [formula] (Theorem 2) to lnX with probability one, we represente the function (1) as a density of an infinite product of independent r.v.'s (2 cases). A similar representation of a r.v. gamma type in the form of an infinite product of r.v.'s with the same distribution was used by Lu and Richards [10] to define the square of the Vandermonde determinant with random elements. Finally, we apply the modified Mieshalkin-Rogozin theorem [14] for an estimation of the difference of some distribution functions (see Theorems 7 and 8).
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wstępne wyniki prac związanych z przygotowaniem komputerowej bazy danych o rozmieszczeniu ramienic w Polsce. Analizowano informacje zawarte w publikacjach pochodzących z dziewiętnastego i dwudziestego wieku.
EN
The paper presents preliminary results of work aimed at developing a database of the distribution of stoneworts in Poland. Among 30 species recorded in inland waters in Poland, the most common were Chara contararia, C. globularis, C. tomentosa and Nitellopsis obtusa. The rare species Chara braunii and Lychnothamnus barbatus were most frequently reported from lake-rich areas, except for C. braunii which grows in fishponds in southern Poland.
EN
Owing to their large numbers, small Calanoida from the Pseudocalanidae family constitute a significant element of zooplankton in seas and oceans. In Croker Passage, which is in the coastal zone of the Antarctic Peninsula, this family is represented by Microcalanus pygmaeus and Ctenocalanus citer. These species are characterized by a distinct seasonal variability in numbers and by the way they inhabit the water column. M. pygmaeus occurs five to six times more frequently than C. citer, and both species are far more abundant in summer than in winter. In summer they occur in the upper part of the mesopelagic zone, while in winter they move to greater depths. However, C. citer occurs more often than M. pygmaeus in the upper layers of the water column, regardless of season.
EN
The paper discusses the role of logistic enterprises, including especially the transport ones, in strengthening the resilience of supply chains. The research was carried out in the sector of metallurgic products distribution. The paper aims at building a model of strengthening the resilience of supply chains for the flow of products manufactured to order. The author proposed a research methodology involving the measurement of disruptions, the measurement of deviations, a statistical analysis and simulation modelling. In simulation modelling the author used the management system dynamics technique.
EN
The quadratic form of the sample mean and sample variance was considered. The sample is from normal distribution. The density function of the quadratic form has been derived. The quadratic form can be applied as the test statistic for the hypothesis on expected value and variance of normal distribution. The table with approximated critical values of the test statistic has been derived.
EN
The article presents an attempt to assess the EU greenhouse gases emission trading scheme in the third trading period covering the years 2013−2020. The system constitutes the absolutely fundamental instrument of the community climate policy. Starting from 1st January 2013 it has been functioning according to the revised legal formula. The objective of the study is to provide a partial answer to the question whether the system, in its new formula, can be regarded as the optimal instrument of the current climate policy. Answering this question two selected, but, crucial optimization criteria were used, i.e. the criterion of environmental effectiveness and the criterion of distribution effects minimization.
EN
Mollusk species associated with Cystoseira barbata were examined in the Sea of Marmara in 2012 at 14 sampling sites with a depth ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 m. A total of 18 468 specimens belonging to three classes (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda and Bivalvia) and 30 species were identified. Alvania mamillata Risso, 1826 is a new record for the marine mollusk fauna of the Sea of Marmara. The number of species at the sampling sites varied from 2 to 11 (400 cm–2), the density ranged between 758 and 63 083 ind. m–2, and wet weight between 0.4 and 34.3 g m–2. Gastropoda were the richest class, represented by 22 species and 7611 individuals. The families Rissoidae, Mytilidae and Pyramidellidae were represented by the largest number of species. The most dominant mollusk species in C. barbata facies were Mytilaster minimus (Poli, 1795) (37.77%), Rissoa splendida Eichwald, 1830 (27.20%), Mytilaster lineatus (Gmelin, 1791) (18.69%) and Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778) (6.89%). However, the mollusks R. splendida (86%), M. lineatus (71%), M. minimus (69%) and Steromphala adansonii (Payraudeau, 1826) (67%) were characterized by the highest values of the frequency index. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the main factors affecting the assemblages of mollusks were the content of total nitrogen, the maximum thallus height, algal wet weight and temperature.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano, jak pośrednicy handlowi zajmujący się dystrybucją wyrobów mleczarskich mogą przyczynić się do poprawy konkurencyjności tych wyrobów oraz jak realizują te zalecenia w praktyce. Wnioski z przeprowadzonych badań uzyskano na podstawie analizy przedsiębiorstw z województwa lubuskiego. Wskazano na to, że w tym zakresie hurtownicy oraz detaliści mają jeszcze dużo do zrobienia.
EN
In this article the way of commercial agents in distribution of dairy industry products may to do and make competitiveness was presented. The show which realise this in practice. It was presented analyses of companies in lubuskie provice. In this article was showed which changes on this field may take wholesalers and retailers.
EN
This paper presents a review of methods to calculate distribution of the electric field.
EN
Ümraniye, which is a district of Istanbul, has been one of the leading centers of development in parallel with the development in outward–oriented economy and industrialization in the 1980’s in Turkey. The district which looked like a village in 1960s, having experienced rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, is now looking far from its earlier appearance. During the period of migration from suburbs to the cities, one of those who took in the biggest share of people is Ümraniye. The purpose of this study is to determine the historical development of industrialization in Ümraniye and the causes of this development, its structure, and the distribution of its sectors. As an operation of a regional industry, this study handles the features of the location of Ümraniye District, the factors that affect the industry in the district, distribution of industrial sectors, and environmental issues.
PL
Zmiany strukturalne w handlu przyczyniły się do reorganizacji sieci dystrybucji firm działających na rynku dóbr szybkozbywalnych - FMCG, w tym także producentów lodów.
EN
Objectives: Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), like other persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are widespread, global environmental contaminants. These compounds still represent a great environmental problem, mostly because of the risk of secondary air pollution. They are characterized by long durability and tendency to bioaccumulate, which means that they are practically ubiquitous in all environmental media and ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and excretion of hexachloronaphthalene (HxCN) in rats following a single intraperitoneal or intragastrical administration. Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed on male outbred Wistar rats with body weight of 220–240 g. They were given [¹⁴C]-HxCN intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intragastrically (p.o.) in a single dose of 0.3 mg (150 kBq) per rat. The distribution of radioactivity in blood and selected organs or tissues, as well as urine and faeces excretion were traced following the administration. Results: The decline of [¹⁴C]-HxCN in plasma was biphasic and the calculated half-lives for phases I and II were ~6 and 350 h, respectively. Following 120 h after administration, ~51% (intragastrical) and ~34% (intraperitoneal) of the dose were excreted with faeces. Regardless of the administration route, the highest HxCN concentrations were found in liver and adipose tissue, where the compound showed high retention: the highest retention in liver was found 24 h after intragastrical (32%) and intraperitoneal (38%) administration while in adipose tissue ~30% retention was observed 120 h after HxCN administration regardless of its route. Conclusions: Following the calculation of the balance of total [¹⁴C]-HxCN excreted and stored, it was found that hexachloronaphthalene belongs to the compounds of a slow turnover rate, and in the case of repeated exposure it may accumulate in the rat body.
15
Content available remote Analiza dystrybucji w sklepach internetowych
51%
PL
W artykule przedstawiono istotniejsze zagadnienia z dziedziny dystrybucji w sklepach internetowych. Omówiono formy dystrybucji, a także przeanalizowano problemy dotyczące dystrybucji z osobistym odbiorem klienta. W dalszej części artykułu przedstawiono i omówiono wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych w 616 polskich sklepach internetowych. Badania dotyczyły skali dystrybucji, rodzajów dystrybucji, monitoringu stanu i dostarczanych paczek oraz podziału kosztów dystrybucji między klienta i sklep internetowy.
EN
In this article main issues concerning distribution in internet shops were analysed. The kinds of distribution were described and the problem with personal receipt of bought goods was examined. Also the problem of division concerning delivery costs between consumer and internet shop were analysed. The second part of the article contains presentation of the survey conducted in 616 Polish internet shops. The investigation concerns distribution problems, such as: kinds of distribution used in Polish e-shops, monitoring of deliveries and analysis who usually pays delivery costs.
EN
At the turn of the 20th century a rapid development of the tourism colonization space in the Medina of Marrakesh began, which consisted mostly of the conversion of historical dwelling houses into private residential hotels or guest houses. The aim of the article is to present a thorough study of the progressive changes in the distribution of quantitative features of the guest houses in various parts of this old town. The cartographical method was utilised, using maps presenting the localization of the guest houses and the average accommodation capacity indicator for buildings in various quarters of the Medina. The distribution of particular features is compared for selected years (1999, 2002, 2005 and 2008). Furthermore, the article engages in polemics with the remarks of other authors dealing with the subject, concerning the distribution of the guest houses and conditions of changes in the aforementioned process.
EN
The main objective of this paper is to report three benthic diatom species from the Nišava and Jerma Rivers, which prove to be new findings in the context of the Serbian diatom flora. These are also new distributional records for all three species. Monthly samples (from stones, sediments and macrophytes) were collected from May 2008 to May 2009. Diatom frustules were cleaned using chemical agents, and mounted on permanent slides. Descriptions (main valve measurement of the populations in the Nišava and Jerma Rivers), ecology, distribution in Serbia and Europe, and appropriate photomicrographs of three species are presented. Navicula novaesiberica Lange-Bertalot and Neidiomorpha binodiformis (Krammer) Lange-Bertalot & Cantonati are rarely found in Europe, while Parlibellus protracta (Grunow) Witkowski is more common. Navicula novaesiberica and Neidiomorpha binodiformis were found at higher water temperatures in comparison to temperatures reported in the existing literature. These new taxa significantly contribute to diatom floristic richness of the Nišava and Jerma Rivers in Serbia.
EN
The paper discusses the role of logistic enterprises, including especially the transport ones, in strengthening the resilience of supply chains. The research was carried out in the sector of metallurgic products distribution. The paper aims at building a model of strengthening the resilience of supply chains for the flow of products manufactured to order. The author proposed a research methodology involving the measurement of disruptions, the measurement of deviations, a statistical analysis and simulation modelling. In simulation modelling the author used the management system dynamics technique.
20
Content available remote HPLC analysis and blood-brain penetration of 20-hydroxyecdysone diacetonide
51%
EN
Blood-brain penetration of 20-hydroxyecdysone 2,3;20,22-diacetonide (20DA) has been scouted using chromatographic methods. In vivo experiments were performed by treating male Wistar rats intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a dose of 50 mg kg−1 20DA. Control experiment was done by using 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Definite brain penetration of 20DA was found by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while 20E does not show this type of distribution.
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