Nowa wersja platformy, zawierająca wyłącznie zasoby pełnotekstowe, jest już dostępna.
Przejdź na https://bibliotekanauki.pl
Ograniczanie wyników
Czasopisma help
Lata help
Autorzy help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 149

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 8 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  diesel
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 8 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote Energy Efficient Technologies at Oil Field Facilities
100%
EN
One of the most appropriate solutions to reduce diesel consumption is the use of associated petroleum gas, which inevitably accompanies the oil production process. In the analysis performed, the use of APG significantly reduces greenhouse gases emission into the atmosphere.
EN
In the article one of the ways of reducing of fuel consumption at railways is explored. It is shown, that now there is possibility of substantial (5-10%) improvement of traction-economical characteristics of multi-sectional diesel locomotives due to the use of the microprocessor systems of control, which correlate diesel-locomotive characteristic and provide the asynchronous condition of operations of Diesel-generators in dependence on the conditions of traffic of train.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wpływ zmiennych właściwości czynnika roboczego na parametry w charaktery- stycznych punktach klasycznych obiegów silników tłokowych wewnętrznego spalania takich jak Otto, Diesel i Sabathe oraz na sprawność konwersji energii wyznaczaną z zastosowaniem tych obiegów. Wyniki analiz przedstawiono w postaci tabel i wykresów obrazujących zmiany parametrów obiegu wskutek zmienności ciepła właściwego czynnika roboczego.
EN
This paper presents influence of variable specific heats of working fluid on the performance of air standard Otto, Diesel and Sabathe cycles. The mathematic models of air standard cycles with temperature dependent specific heats were made and compared to those which use constant specific heats. The results obtained in this study, presented in tables and charts, show signif- icant variations between the performance of cycles with constant and variable specific heats of working fluid.
PL
Pierwsze pociągi szybkiej kolei uruchomione zostały w Niemczech w latach 30. XX wieku. W artykule autor opisuje rozwój sieci szybkich kolei niemieckich i ich historię, od uruchomienia pierwszego pociągu tego typu po lata powojenne. Pierwsze pociągi kursujące ze stolicy Niemiec nazywane były „latającymi” i kursowały między innymi do Hamburga, Monachium czy Frankfurtu. Historia zapoczątkowana w 1933 roku w Niemczech stała się wzorem z powodzeniem dalej rozwijanym w Japonii, Francji, Niemczech i ostatnio w Chinach.
EN
The first trains of fast rail were started in Germany in the thirties of the 20th century. The author describes the development of German fast railways network and their history, from starting the first such train up to the post-war years. The first trains travelling from the capital city of Germany were ‘Flying’ and were travelling inter alia to: Hamburg, Munich or Frankfurt. The history started in 1933 in Germany became a model, successfully developed later on in Japan, France, Germany and recently in China.
EN
The use of diesel oil and methanol mixture in a Diesel engine requires modernization of old fuel injection control systems or development of new ones. Therefore, few options of structural solutions of the fuel injection system have been developed. The objective of the paper was to develop a structure of control elements of fuel injection in a Diesel engine which works with diesel oil and methanol mixtures, diesel oil and biogas mixtures, to check their practical utility and formulate indications. The control systems of multi-fuel Diesel and gas engines as well as two types of submerged high-pressure regulators were discussed. Characteristics of engine power, torque, unit and hour fuel consumption in the function of rotational speed with the use of Diesel D-21A1 engine were defined. The impact of methanol addition to diesel oil on the power and other performance indexes of a Diesel engine were determined. Two structural variants of the submerged fuel regulator were positively evaluated. The described solutions obtained a patent right and a patent protection and have been introduced to production in the Flow Machines Unit in Nikopol (Russia) and are used by the Central Scientific and Research Institute of Diesel Fuels in Saint Petersburg with work on improvement of Diesel engines.
PL
Zastosowanie mieszanki oleju napędowego i metanolu w silniku Diesla wymaga modernizacji starych lub opracowania nowych systemów regulacyjnych wtrysku paliwa. W tym celu opracowano kilka wariantów rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych systemu wtrysku paliwa. Celem pracy było opracowanie konstrukcji elementów regulacyjnych podawania paliwa w silniku Diesla pracującym na mieszankach oleju napędowego i metanolu oraz oleju napędowego i biogazu, sprawdzenie ich praktycznej przydatności i sformułowanie zaleceń. Omówiono systemy regulacyjne silnika Diesla wielopaliwowego, gazowego oraz dwa typy nurnikowych regulatorów wysokociśnieniowych. Sporządzono charakterystyki mocy silnika, momentu obrotowego, jednostkowego i godzinowego zużycia paliwa w funkcji prędkości obrotowej z użyciem silnika Diesla D-21A1. Określono wpływ dodatku metanolu do oleju napędowego na moc i inne wskaźniki eksploatacyjne silnika Diesla. Opracowane dwa warianty konstrukcyjne zespołu nurnikowego regulatora paliwowego uzyskały pozytywną ocenę. Opisane rozwiązania uzyskały świadectwa autorskie oraz ochronę patentową i zostały wdrożone do produkcji w Zakładzie Aparatury Przepływowej w Nikopolu (Rosja) i są wykorzystywane przez Centralny Naukowo-Badawczy Instytut Paliw Diesla w Sankt Petersburgu przy pracach nad doskonaleniem silników Diesla.
PL
Coraz więcej samorządów gminnych i komunalnych firm przewozowych decyduje się na zakup autobusów elektrycznych. Jaki zatem los czeka w najbliższych latach producentów pojazdów napędzanych silnikami spalinowymi (np. dieslowskimi) i przewoźników, którzy je eksploatują? W artykule przeprowadzono analizę skutków, jakie zrodzi rewolucja elektrycznego napędu w szerokim aspekcie – technologicznym, logistycznym i społecznym. Autor porównawczo przybliżył też zmiany jakie nastąpiły po wyparciu tramwaju konnego przez tramwaj elektryczny.
EN
More and more municipal local governments and municipal transport companies decide to purchase electric buses. So what, in the nearest years, will be the fate of manufacturers of vehicles driven by combustion engines (e.g. diesel) and carriers, who operate them? The paper analyses effects, which will be brought by the electrical drive revolution in various aspects – technological, logistic, and social. The author comparatively introduced also changes, which occurred after replacing a horse-pulled tram by an electric tram.
PL
Olej roślinny lub posmażalniczy olej roślinny może być wykorzystany jako paliwo dla silnika spalinowego Diesla będącego napędem prądnicy w układzie kogeneracyjnym. Wytworzona energia elektryczna może wówczas być traktowana jako energia pochodząca ze źródła odnawialnego i po uzyskaniu odpowiednich certyfikatów sprzedawana jako "zielona energia". W artykule dokonano analizy kosztów i korzyści instalacji układu kogeneracyjnego z wykorzystaniem silnika Diesla o mocy maksymalnej 51 kW. Rozpatrzono dwa możliwe warianty pracy układu: pracę na sieć elektroenergetyczną oraz samodzielną pracę na potrzeby własne zakładu.
EN
Vegetable oil or used vegetable oil can be use as fuel for Diesel engine which is a drive for generator in cogeneration. In this case, the generated electricity can be regarded as energy derived from renewable sources and thus after the obtainment of the relevant certificates could be sold as "green energy". This article presents the analysis of cost and profitability of the instalation of cogeneration systems with the use of Diesel engines with the maximum power 51 kW. Two types of work for cogeneration systems: work of electricity systems and work for a company's needs were taken into consideration.
EN
In the paper an attempt was made to experimentally verify temperature influence on the evaluation of diesel fuel with the use of impedance spectroscopy. Previous tests’ findings showed that this method can be used to detect undesirable substances in constant temperature. Tests presented in the paper show that temperature can change electrical properties of diesel fuel similarly to contaminants. This makes temperature an important factor, which must be taken into consideration.
PL
W pracy podjęto próbę oceny wpływu temperatury na wyniki badań oleju napędowego metodą spektroskopii impedancyjnej. Wyniki wstępnych badań w stałej temperaturze wskazywały na możliwość użycia metody do wykrycia substancji szkodliwych dla silnika. Badania przedstawione w pracy wskazują zaś na to, że temperatura może zmieniać podobne właściwości elektryczne oleju napędowego co szkodliwe substancje, czyniąc temperaturę ważnym czynnikiem wpływającym.
9
80%
EN
The paper presents the concept of advanced and highly integrated IGBT propulsion and an auxiliary power supply converter for diesel electric multiple unit. The incoming power from the diesel-generator group is transformed into traction power by the propulsion converter. The auxiliary power supply converter supplies energy to the on board network and the vehicle battery directly from the same DC‑link. Energy recuperated during braking is fed back into the DC-link, where it may be consumed by the auxiliary systems, or dissipated into heat by the braking chopper. All propulsion and auxiliary supply equipment as well as cooling system are integrated into a roof-mounted converter box, while a high degree of functional integration as well as the maintenance cost optimized design are realized. The increased power density of the new generation converters enables compact and light-weighted vehicle designs.
EN
The results of CFD modelling a dual fuel diesel engine powered with both methanol and diesel fuel is presented in the paper. Modelling was performed with 20 and a 50% energetic share of methanol in the entire dose. The analysis was conducted on both the thermodynamic parameters and exhaust toxicity of dual fuel engine. It was found that the various share of methanol influences the ignition delay of the combustion process and after start of main phase of combustion, the process occurs faster than in case of the diesel engine. It was found that the time of 10-90% burn of the fuel is much shorter than it is in the diesel engine. The dual fuel engine was characterized by higher indicated mean pressure in the whole range of diesel fuel injection timings. While analysing toxic exhaust emission from the dual fuel engine powered with methanol, it was found that the rate of NO formation was significantly higher than from the diesel engine. The combustion process in the dual fuel engine occurs more rapidly than in the conventional diesel engine, which contributes to form areas with high temperature, and in combination with presence of oxygen from the air and oxygen bonded in the methanol, promotes the NO formation. In the case of the dual fuel engine, it was found that soot emission was reduced. The engine running with diesel injection start at 8.5 deg before TDC, the soot emissions were more than twice lower in the dual fuel engine, while the emission of NO was much higher.
EN
To make clear the feasibility and influence factors of diesel fuel autothermal reforming to hydrogen, PdCeCr-FeCu/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by equivalent-volume impregnation method. Experimental facility based on an adiabatic tubular reactor with preheating section was designed and set up, the behaviors of diesel reforming to hydrogen with straight-run diesel as a raw material according to the analysis of the components were studied. Diesel oil reforming over a catalyst for hydrogen production was analyzed using an adiabatic tubular reactor with a preheating section that was designed and built in-house. The operating conditions were optimized. Under the suitable operating conditions, viz., catalyst bed inlet temperature of 700°C, diesel liquid space velocity of 0.24 h–1, water-carbon ratio of 20, and oxygen-carbon ratio of 0.6, the hydrogen yield reached 28.3 (mol/mol).
12
Content available remote Use of Stage V compliant engine in modernized SM42 diesel locomotive
80%
EN
The article presents the result of modernization of the SM42 locomotive carried out by H. Cegielski Fabryka Pojazdów Szynowych from Poznań (Poland). The scope of modernization was discussed and the parameters of the locomotive before and after the introduced changes were presented. The new engine used in the locomotive was described and its parameters confirming the fulfillment of the requirements of the STAGE V standard were presented. Moreover, further development opportunities for the SM42 6D-FPS locomotive were discussed.
13
Content available Hybrid diesel powertrain
80%
EN
Recent years have brought significant progress in the field of hybrid vehicles. Today, almost all major manufacturers offer this type of cars for their clients. Hybrid drives have lower fuel consumption and less emission of toxic gases. These benefits have led to the rapid popularization of hybrid cars on the global market. The growing demand for economical vehicles leads to increased work of engineers on new improvements. The biggest drawback of such drives is their high cost of purchasing. The result is lack of small urban car with such a powertrain. Following article describes the prototype of hybrid powertrain designed for small car with diesel engine. Vehicle design is based on the construction of Fiat Panda. The project includes construction of the prototype vehicle with eAWD powertrain. Prototype vehicle will be used for research into finding the optimum powertrain control algorithms. Test results will determine possible fuel savings and economical benefits of using hybrid cars in urban driving cycle. Research results will be compared with the results of simulations carried out Matlab/Simulink program. This comparison will confirm the correctness of simulation algorithms that can be used in the process of optimizing the drive control program. Research results confirm the correctness of simulation algorithms that can be used in the process of optimizing the drive control program.
EN
As a part of the research work done on the engine URSUS 4390 which aimed at increasing power while reducing exhaust gas emissions, intake channels in the head, shape of the combustion chamber and compression ratio were modified. Proper injection equipment was selected and atomizer nozzles were constructed. In the first phase of the research, toroidal combustion chamber was located in factory design location. In the article there are presented results of exhaust gas emissions in selected operating points of engine URSUS 4390 for various positions of experimental combustion chamber. An innovative method of changing the position of the combustion chamber related to the piston axis was developed. A rotating insert with eccentrically extruded combustion chamber was mounted in piston axis. Rotation of the insert by a given angle resulted in displacement of combustion chamber around the axis of rotation. For each particular position of combustion chamber, concentration of toxic flue gas components and smoke index was measured at full load with rotational speed of 1400 and 2000 rpm. Proposed piston construction with rotating insert allowed to significantly decreasing duration of the research, which aimed at verification of combustion chamber relative location to injector and inlet nozzle. This way the necessity of construction of new sets of pistons and lapping them each time was avoided. As a result of the work, 11 locations of combustion chamber were tested. The study allowed picking the position of combustion chamber, which guarantees lowest emissions of toxic flue gas components.
EN
In Mexico, one of the principal natural resources is oil, however, the activity related to it has generated hydrocarbon spills on agricultural soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodegradability of diesel by means of indigenous bacteria isolated from agricultural soil contaminated with 68 900 mg kg-1 diesel. We examined indigenous bacterial strains in agricultural soils contaminated with diesel from Acatzingo, Puebla, Mexico. We performed a physicochemical soil characterization, and a bacterial population quantification favoring sporulated bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus taken from the study site. Six bacterial strains were isolated. The identification was made based on the 16S rRNA gene and API systems. The tolerance and biodegradation capacity in diesel were determined at 4 000 to 24 000 mg L-1 of diesel. Residual concentrations of diesel were determined by GC-FID. Soil contaminated with diesel alters the concentrations of organic matter, phosphorus and nitrogen. Analysis of soil samples showed heat resistant bacterial populations of 106 cfu g-1 dry soil. Six strains from soil pollution were identified – Pseudomonas stutzeri M1CH1, Bacillus pumilus M1CH1b, Bacillus cereus M1CH10, Bacillus subtilis M1CH15a, and Paenibacillus lautus strains M1CH19 and M1CH27. These bacteria showed different degradation behavior. Bacillus pumilus M1HC1b and Paenibacillus lautus M1CH27 use diesel oil as the sole carbon source. Bacillus pumilus degraded high concentrations of diesel (24 000 mg L-1), while for Paenibacillus lautus it became toxic and the degradation was less.
EN
In this paper molybdenite flotation using microemulsified collector was reported. The flotation performance of microemulsified collector and conventional diesel was compared. This study is a prelimi-nary investigation which uses pure molybdenite mineral in a modified Hallimond tube. The pH tests showed that the highest recovery of molybdenite in the presence of diesel and microemulsion was ob-tained at pH=6, reaching the recoveries of 93% and 90%, respectively. In the case of obtaining similar results, it was observed that the microemulsion consumption was lower in comparison to diesel. In the flotation tests with microemulsified collector the recovery slightly decreased because too large collector amount caused formation of more unstable bubbles. The contact angle measurements showed that the microemulsified collector was more effective for increasing the hydrophobicity of molybdenite surface. An adsorption model was proposed and it was suggested that the non-ionic surfactant present in the mi-croemulsified collector formed a continuous bimolecular layer, resulting in the increased surface hydro-phobicity. The accomplishment of this research demonstrated the viability of the use of microemulsified collector in molybdenite flotation, attempting to simplify the molybdenite flotation process, especially replace the conventional emulsified collector with high energy consumption and difficult storage.
EN
Commonly used in the shipbuilding are combustion piston diesel engines that serve as power generators and main propulsion engines. More stringent of environmental regulations, however, require a more detailed understanding of the processes involved in piston engine combustion to reduce emissions to the environment. Also, the main reason for interest in research in the injection system is also the desire to obtain the highest piston engine power at the lowest fuel consumption. The article presents a study of changes in fuel injection pressure, which allows the operator to analyse the thermodynamic processes taking place in the cylinder. The injection pressure measurement allows you to make proper operating, maintenance and even repair decisions on the object under test. The purpose of this article is to investigate the operation of the injection pressure sensor and to compare the pressure curves measured by the Kistler 4067E sensor in various piston engine-operating states and the simulated failures of the SULZER 3AL25/30 diesel engine. The study was conducted on the SULZER 3AL25/30 engine at the Marine Engine Laboratory at the Gdynia Maritime University. Tests carried out with a measuring instrument for sampling are equipped with a Kistler 4067E pressure transducer, a Kistler 4624A amplifier and a Unitest 2008 computer system serviced with a recorder, processing and signal recording. For a thorough analysis, research conducted at different loads and different simulated engine failure.
EN
According to the directives assumed by the EU in 2005, the fuels should containan addition of biocomponents in the proportion of at least 2%. At present in Poland Diesel oils do not contain any additions of fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) being products of transestrification of rape-seed oil. Introduction of F AME to Diesel oils entails the need of development a simple procedure for determination of this component. Hitherto no such method has been proposed. There is only the standard prEN 14103 describing analysis of pure biocomponent (FAME), but allowing only determination of the composition of the biocomponent prior to addition to Diesel oils.
PL
Zgodnie z przyjętymi przez Unię Europejską dyrektywami w 2005 roku dodatek biokomponentów do paliw powinien wynosić co najmniej 2%. W Polsce obecnie olej napędowy nie zawiera jeszcze estrów metylowych kwasów tłuszczowych (FAME - Falty Acid Methyl Esters) pochodzących z transestryfikacji oleju rzepakowego. Wprowadzenie FAME do oleju napędowego zmusi jednostki kontrolujące do oznaczania tego składnika. Jednak nie posiadamy procedury pozwalającej na oznaczanie estrów woleju napędowym. Owszem istnieje norma prEN 14103 opisująca analizę czystego biokomponentu, jakim są estry metylowe kwasów tłuszczowych. Ale zgodnie z tą normą możemy określić jedynie skład biokomponentu przed dodaniem go do oleju napędowego.
19
71%
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano przegląd współczesnych kierunków rozwoju technologii produkcji biobutanolu w procesach fermentacyjnych oraz możliwości zastosowania n-butanolu jako komponentu paliw stosowanych do zasilania silników Diesla. Omówiono problemy związane z uzyskaniem odpowiedniej wydajności procesów fermentacyjnych w kierunku biobutanolu oraz sposoby ich rozwiązywania. Dokonano analizy właściwości fizykochemicznych n-butanolu, pod kątem jego zastosowania w mieszankach paliw stosowanych w silnikach o zapłonie samoczynnym oraz zestawiono je z wynikami dostępnych prac badawczych.
EN
The article presents a review of contemporary directions of development of biobutanol fermentation processes production technologies and the application possibilities of n-butanol as a component of fuel used to feed diesel engines. The problems concerning obtaining the required yield of biobutanol in fermentation processes were discussed as well as resolution methods. An analysis of physical and chemical properties of n-butanol in terms of its use in blends of fuels used in diesel engines in comparison with the available results of research was conducted.
EN
A functional feature of the application of electronics used for the automatic control of internal combustion engines is necessity in the proportional conversion of ECU electrical signals into the mechanical processes based on corresponding elements motion. For such conversion of information actuating mechanisms are used, referred as actuators. Actuators in the form of electrical machines (stepper or precision electric motors) or electric apparatuses (electromagnets and solenoids) are the mostly widespread in ICE. As a physical object of the research, the unit of Heinzmann, model StG 6-02V that is based on a DC electric drive controlled by a pulse-width modulation signal, was selected in the current work. It has a toothed gearbox and a non-contact reverse positional connection. This actuator provides an output torque of 6 Nm and 36-degree range of output shaft rotational angle. The functional scheme of the electronic system of automatic control of a diesel engine based on mentioned device is developed. The PID regulator with feedback is used to control the actuator. A design formula that can be incorporated in the controller algorithm to calculate the integral component of the PID regulator was also obtained. Values of empirical coefficients were determined in this formula. The results of experimental confirmation of the correctness of the approach taken are presented. Thus, the new formula for determining the integral component of the PID regulator differs positively from the well-known solutions because the new approach is free from storing the whole array of previous data with discrepancy in the controller’s RAM, that simplifies the application of the developed algorithm greatly and speeds up the computational capability of the controller.
first rewind previous Strona / 8 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.