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EN
In the reign of John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania (1569–1600) one of the most important central clerks was the chancellor who had not only a high position in the hierarchy of the court but also was in charge to control the court’s chancery – a very important place at a court where the inner and foreign policy was focused in, where documentation for different affairs was created, where income and outgoings registers were managed and till 1575 – where judicial decisions were elaborated. The article describes shortly the principles of the chancery operations, the duties of the chancery clerks and the obligatory circulation of documents. The analysis of the court ordinations allowed only a detailed recognition of the chancellor’s and scribes’ tasks and a short presentation of settled chancery matters. A more complex description of the function of the Szczecin’s court chancery shall base on long-lasting and laborious source investigations.
EN
The amendment to the Law on Procedure before Administrative Courts proposed by the author of the petition assumes the imposition of an obligation on administrative courts to consider cases involving public information within 3 months from the date of filing the application. The author of the opinion recognises the problem signalled by the petitioner, but has doubts as to the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. In her opinion, if the introduction of a maximum time limit for the consideration of these cases, is deemed necessary by the legislator, it should be included in the Act on Access to Public Information.
EN
According to the author, a complaint to the administrative court in the discussed cases is not admissible. This thesis is justified by provisions of applicable law and jurisprudence of administrative courts. The provisions of the Act – Law on Proceedings before Administrative Courts indicate that a complaint against inactivity or excessive length of proceedings is admissible only in cases where a public administration body was obliged to issue decisions, rulings or other acts.
EN
In the Sejm’s position on the constitutional complaint it was stated that the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure Act are constitutional to the extent in which they make the appointment of an ex officio representative dependent on the determination by the court referendary or the court of the need for such an appointment, grant the court referendary the right to rule on the appointment of an ex officio representative, and to the extent in which they recognise the court examining the complaint against the decision of the court referendary as the court of second instance.
EN
In the article, the authors refer to the criterion of generic identity as one of the determinants of the construction of similar offences under the Polish Criminal Code. The construction of similar offences itself is significant from the point of view of certain institutions of criminal law. The authors point to the concepts of understanding generic identity functioning in the doctrine of criminal law and take as a point of reference the judgment of the Court of Appeal in Lublin of 10th March 2021, which stated that the crime of unlawful deprivation of liberty is similar to the crime of rape due to the criterion of generic identity.
EN
The constitutional complaint refers to the provision of the Act concerning bearing costs of the appeal procedure in certain circumstances borne by the appellant, if the appeal in part of the charges, which the contracting authority did not take into account, had been dismissed by the National Appeals Chamber. In the position of the Sejm, it was proposed to discontinue the proceedings due to an inadmissibility to deliver a judgment. If the dismissal of the proceedings had not been taken into account, the Sejm proposes to state that the challenged provisions conform to the Constitution.
EN
Effective administration of justice in Ukraine, to a certain extent depends both on procedural cooperation, and the extraprocedural interaction of courts with each other and with subsidiary bodies in the judicial system of Ukraine. Extra-procedural interaction of courts has special legal and administrative nature and therefore requires an appropriate level and methods of legal regulation. The aim is to analyze the legal and administrative principles of interaction with each other and of the courtswith the subsidiary bodies in the judicial system of Ukraine, the definition of its main features, the nature and significance, as well as substantiation of the priorities for improving the legal framework of cooperation between courts. Novelty contained in the identified patterns and conceptual generalizations in legal regulation of cooperation between courts in Ukraine. Administrative interaction of the courts formed in the plane of the internal organization, management and extra-procedural activities of courts. It aims to create the appropriate conditions of functioning of all parts of the judicial system of Ukraine and other parties on cooperation with the courts. Legal framework of administrative cooperation between courts is represented by numerous regulations, various in legal force, approval time, the method of regulation and industry classification. This leads to inconsistency, various approaches and degrees of legal settlement of the same order relations on the interaction of courts, indicates the absence of a single well-established model of such relations and a holistic understanding of their nature.
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EN
This paper presents information from a nationally representative Polish survey in 2014 on the types of dispute resolution preferred by the respondents. It places the findings in the conceptual background of studies conducted since the mid-1970s in Polish sociology of law on the subject of disputes and the use of the courts. The purpose of the analysis was to identify the more general types of dispute settlement preferred in the popular legal culture in Poland, and the socio-demographic variables that correlate significantly with these preferences. The significance of social position, as measured by a version of the Center-Periphery index, has also been confirmed.
EN
The paper examines the role of the court in preliminary proceedings in the light of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The author carries out a historical-legal analysis of the impact the court has had on preliminary proceedings and discusses the functions currently assigned to it by the legislator at this particular stage of the criminal procedure. She concludes that the applicable Code of Criminal Procedure indicates the adoption of a “control-based” model of the court’s impact on preliminary proceedings.
EN
This article examines the history of formation and development of the institution of judicial protection of information rights and freedoms of man and citizen.
EN
In this study, I examine the linguistic means that weaken the effect of an asylum applicant’s speech during court proceedings: the overuse of selected words implying doubt, uncertainty, assumption, or presumption signal imbalance. I analyse how the hegemonic practices of consensus are reflected in the tolerance of the interpreter’s inconspicuous mistakes: the use of the third person instead of the first, the use of passive instead of active voice, the concealment of the subject or the author, and the subordination of the subjectivity of the asylum applicant's testimony in both linguistic and non-linguistic forms. This case study presents the partial results of the ethnographic research that took place at hearings of asylum applicants between 2015 and 2018 at the Regional Court in Bratislava. I focus on the linguistic practices which significantly influenced the atmosphere of a hearing; the applicant was not aware of the expressions which were adjoined to his speech and weakened his argumentation. These expressions were also not part of the official record. I interpret the linguistic means of identity construction in courts in accordance with the anthropological and sociolinguistic works of Diana Eades, Anthony Good, Katrijn Maryns, and Susan Philips. In a broader context, I also make use of Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of production and reproduction of legitimate language.
13
Content available remote Mělnický dvůr královen vdov Barbory Celské a Johany z Rožmitálu
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EN
The study summarizes the results of the previous research of a residential court that was created by the Dowager Queens Barbora Celská and Johana of Rožmitál at the Castle in the Dowry Town of Mělník. It describes the clerical and representative components of a residential courtyard headed by a court marshal and a court hofmister, reveals and compares the activity of the Mělník‘s office of both dowager queens and shows the court as an administrative center. The main difficulty for the court was the lack of financial resources, which was easier for Dowager Queen Johana to cope, despite her much greater political engagement.
EN
Regardless of the times in which we live, the notion of truth blends with the notion of untruth, wisdom with stupidity, faith with unbelief, justice with injustice, and lawlessness with unrighteousness. Human attitudes appear to be permanent, although there are a number of instruments with which to change them. Because of mass media, law has entered every person's life. Good law can be corrupted and bad law can be repaired; the point is to be properly prepared for it and to take on such a challenge when required by a justified situation. Principles of the law, the less comprehensive and more understandable for the citizen, the better accepted by the society. The fewer ridiculous, stupid and nondescript verdicts, the closer the law to the judge and judge. Regulations, orders and prohibitions cannot be divorced from reality, they must keep up with the flow of time. Otherwise, law becomes lawlessness, justice becomes injustice, and the rule of law disappears. The quality of values will be whatever the demand is.
EN
The main topic discussed in the article is the question of the dignity of the post of judge of the common courts of law. The authoress, on the basis of the law and the jurisdiction of the disciplinary court, in that regard, sought to determine the scope of the concept of “dignity of the post of judge”. She tried to answer the question, what specific requirements should meet the judge, and how he should behave, or how he should not behave, to make his duties in dignified way? The answer was constructed by identifying the normative responsibilities, basing on the Constitution of Poland, content of the oath of judges, articles 82. and 82., points “a” and “b” of the act of the Law of the Common Court and “The Rules of Professional Ethics of Judges”. Then, under the jurisdiction of the disciplinary court of the Supreme Court was compiled the list of behaviors which affront to the dignity the post of judge.
EN
The opinion deals with the Deputy’s bill submitted in consequence of the adoption of the resolution of the Supreme Administrative Court concerning procedural capacity of the head of commune, mayor and president of town. According to the author, the purpose of the bill is justified and correct, but its provisions are internally inconsistent. The bill introduces changes in legislation by spot method, which deprives the system of consistency and internal logic.
EN
The aim of the publication is to present the role and tasks of the police in criminal proceedings in a legal and comparative approach. Over the years, there could have been noticed an evolution in the area of police powers. The rationale for addressing such an important issue is, first of all, to look at the achievements of the authors of reforms in the post-annexation period and to recognise their contribution to the process of shaping high standards of functioning of police authorities. Studies and analysis of legal texts from the period when Poland regained independence is an important element of learning about history and tradition, as well as the possibility of following patterns of lawmaking adequate to the challenges of lawmaking. The original spelling of source texts and sometimes their archaic language layer, quoted in the text of the publication, is a measure to respect the principle of faithfulness to the sources and, at the same time, to illustrate the development of individual legal institutions. The article focuses on the analysis of selected regulations of the Regulation of the President of the Republic of 19 March 1928 — Code of Criminal Procedure (Journal of Laws of 1928, No. 33, item 313) in relation to the current solutions of the procedural act.
EN
The article explores the theoretical and practical foundations of public relations management in courts of Ukraine, courts which need to increase the level of trust among citizens and become more transparent in the context of reforms. The author deals with public relations management in the Ukrainian judiciary as a multifaceted complex process which includes the setting up of a communication unit and training of its employees, identifying the needs of target groups of the public on the basis of a value profile design, strategic planning of communication activities, the use of relevant programs and methodologies of civil reporting. The article defines the concept of public relations in the judiciary taking into account the specific features of the judicial system. It diagnoses problems in the field of public relations in the judicial system and provides recommendations for creating an effective system of public relations in the public administration.
PL
Artykuł analizuje teoretyczne i praktyczne podstawy zarządzania public relations w sądach Ukrainy. Autor podkreśla zarządzanie public relations w sądownictwie ukraińskim jako wieloaspektowy złożony proces, który obejmuje organizację jednostki komunikacyjnej i rozwój umiejętności jej pracowników, identyfikację potrzeb grup docelowych społeczeństwa na podstawie profilu wartości, strategiczne planowanie działań komunikacyjnych, stosowanie programów informacyjnych i metodologii kart raportowanie cywilne. Artykuł formułuje definicję pojęcia public relations w sądownictwie z uwzględnieniem specyfiki wymiaru sprawiedliwości, diagnozuje problemy w zakresie organizacji public relations w sądownictwie, podaje rekomendacje dotyczące stworzenia skutecznego systemu public relations w organach publicznych.
RU
В статье исследованы теоретические и практические основы управления связями с общественностью в судах Украины, нуждающихся в повышении уровня доверия граждан, более прозрачного освещения своей деятельности в условиях реформ. Автор освещает управление связями с общественностью в органах правосудия Украины как многоаспектный комплексный процесс, который включает в себя организацию коммуникационного подразделения и повышение квалификации его работников, определение потребностей целевых групп общественности на основе составления профиля ценностей, стратегическое планирование коммуникативной деятельности, применение программ охвата и методологии карточек гражданского отчетности. В статье сформулировано определение понятия связей с общественностью в органах правосудия с учетом специфики судебной системы, диагностированы проблемы в сфере организации связей с общественностью в судебной системе, даны рекомендации для создания действенной системы связей с общественностью в органах публичного управления.
EN
This article aims to bring closer knowledge on respecting and protecting rights and freedoms of the individual in Ireland. The author presents the evolution of the source of Irish criminal law and criminal justice system in that country. The influence of the Convention for Protection of Human Rights is also discussed. The text is based on relevant Irish statues and opinions of the country’s jurisprudence.
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