Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

ASSESSMENT OF CONVERGENCE PROCESSES OF THE FINANCIAL MARKETS’ DEPTH IN THE EU MEMBER STATES

100%

Čižo E.

Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis

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2018

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nr 1

33-45

EN

The aim of the research is testing the hypothesis on the convergence/equalization of financial market levels in the EU member states in the period 1993-2015. The assumption put forward states that the states that previously demonstrated low values of financial depth indicators, later showed outperforming growth rates of these indicators as compared to the states that initially had a certain relatively high level. At a macro-economic level the depth of a state’s financial market is defined as a total/sum of financial claims and liabilities in relation to GDP, and it shows to what extent corporations, households, and state institutions can finance their activities using financial markets and financial mediators. The relevance of the research is proved by the fact that the deepening of financial markets contributes to the increase in the level of stability and security in the economy, this way allowing to serve growing flows of trans-border capital. Deeper markets can provide alternative sources of financing during international liquidity crises, constraining sharp fluctuations of asset prices and currency exchange rates. The approach offered in the article is orientated towards determining dynamic changes in the development of the financial market in the EU member states. The main analytical apparatus for testing the hypothesis on financial convergence is based on the construction of “Barro regressions”.

2

Épistémologie du web. Convergence, collaboration, affiliation

85%

Dubucs J.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2022

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tom 55

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nr 3

47-71

EN

Within thirty years, the relation between the Internet and the scientific activity has changed profoundly. The Internet has shifted from being an instrument of academic collaboration to being a tool used by social media, allowing for a maximum diffusion of irrationalism and alt-factualism. To understand this change, one needs re-examine the mechanisms of opinion convergence. This convergence stems primarily from the existence of the world we share, which exposes us to the same facts and determines the constant revision of each person’s beliefs. In this process of asymptotic opinion convergence, no communication between individuals is required. Of course, if the facts known by some are communicated to others, this convergence accelerates considerably, so much so that we must regard knowledge as a result of collective activity, and the exchange of information as one of its crucial sources. On the one hand, this epistemic cooperation seems natural and easy to implement. Given the properties of information, which is an asset we keep even if we share it, the sharing of information is not subject to the usual difficulties related to cooperation. Defection provides no profit, making the prisoner’s dilemma not applicable to epistemic cooperation. On the other hand, such cooperation is productive by nature: the collaboration of the one who knowns φ and the one who knows that φ implies ψ results in both agents having the knowledge of ψ, which neither of them had before the exchange. The earlier Internet allowed for an extreme intensity of this informational cooperation. At present, we are dealing with a different kind of situation. Several factors, including the growing porosity between scientists and the public, have strengthened the role of exchange. It is not an exchange of information, but an exchange of opinions. The biases inherent to human nature, and especially the confirmation bias, tends to reverse the relationship between facts and opinions. We search for the facts confirming the opinions we hold, doubt those which undermine them and create facts to corroborate what we believe. Hence, we go from cooperation to affiliation, dividing the Internet into homogenic groups of believers.

FR

Résumé. En trente ans, le rapport d’Internet à l’entreprise scientifique a changé. Nous sommes passés d’un instrument de collaboration scientifique à un dispositif de réseaux sociaux qui assure la plus large diffusion à l’irrationalisme et à l’alt-factualisme. Pour comprendre ce changement, il convient de réexaminer les mécanismes de la convergence des opinions. La première source de cette convergence est l’existence d’un monde commun, qui nous expose aux mêmes faits et qui détermine par révision successive des croyances de chacun, sans que la moindre communication soit requise, une convergence asymptotique des opinions, et ce quelles que soient les croyances de départ. Naturellement, si les faits connus par les uns sont communiqués aux autres, cette convergence s’accélère considérablement, si bien que nous devons considérer la connaissance comme le résultat d’une activité collective, et l’échange d’informations comme l’une de ses sources nécessaires. D’une part, cette coopération épistémique est naturelle et facilement implémentable : en vertu des propriétés caractéristiques de l’information, qui est un bien que nous conservons lorsque nous le donnons, le partage informationnel est exempt des difficultés qui affectent généralement la coopération. D’autre part, cette coopération est intrinsèquement productive : la collaboration entre celui qui sait que φ et celui qui sait que φ implique ψ met chacun des deux agents en possession de la connaissance de ψ, qui n’était pourtant détenue par personne avant l’échange. L’internet des débuts donne à cette coopération informationnelle une ampleur inégalée. La situation actuelle est différente. Un certain nombre de facteurs, dont la porosité croissante entre les scientifiques et le large public, ont mis au premier plan l’échange, non des informations factuelles, mais celui des opinions. Les biais notoires de la psychologie humaine, au premier rang desquels le biais de confirmation, tendent à inverser le rapport entre les faits et les opinions. On cherche les faits confirmant les opinions entretenues, on met en doute les faits récalcitrants et l’on crée des faits corroborants. En bref, on passe d’une problématique de la coopération à une logique de l’affiliation, segmentant l’internet en groupes doxastiques homogènes.

3

On a visualization of the convergence of the boundary of generalized Mandelbrot set to (n-1)-sphere

80%

Katunin A. , Fedio K.

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics

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2015

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tom Vol. 14, nr 1

63--69

EN

In this article we analyze the generalized Mandelbrot set in higher-order hypercomplex number spaces following both the Cayley-Dickson construction algebraic spaces and the spaces defined by Clifford algebras. The particular case of the generalized 3D quasi-Mandelbrot set was also considered. In particular, we investigated the increase of power of the iterated variable and proved that when this power tends to infinity, the Mandelbrot set is convergent to the unit circle. The same is true for the generalized Mandelbrot sets in higher-dimensional hypercomplex number spaces, i.e. when the power of iterated variable tends to infinity, the generalized Mandelbrot set is convergent to the unit (n-1)- sphere. The results of our investigation were visualized for the generalized Mandelbrot set in a complex number space and the generalized quasi-Mandelbrot set in a 3D Euclidean space.

4

On Stability and Classification Tools for Genetic Algorithms

80%

Kotowski S. , Kosiński W. , Michalewicz Z. , Synak P. , Brocki Ł.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2009

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tom Vol. 96, nr 4

477-491

EN

Convergence of genetic algorithms in the form of asymptotic stability requirements is discussed. Some tools to measure convergence properties of genetic algorithms are introduced. A classification procedure is proposed that is based on the following conjecture: the entropy and the fractal dimension of trajectories of genetic algorithms produced by them are quantities that can characterize the algorithms. The role of these quantities as invariants of the algorithm classes is discussed together with the compression ratio of points of genetic algorithms.

5

Evaluation of the impact of public support from the point of convergence criterion

80%

Lucie S. , Martin S.

Littera Scripta

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2016

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nr 2

104-122

EN

The article deals with the ex post evaluation of the impact of drawing funds from operational programmes to achieve convergence in the field of tourism after the Czech Republic became a member of the EU. The evaluation of the achievement of convergence or divergence among regions is based on the beta and sigma convergence indicators which enable the evaluation of the development of time series of relevant indicators (in this case, indicators in the field of tourism). This evaluation was carried out within the regions brought together under NUTS II. The investigation is the result of evaluation indicators showing the achievement of convergence within the regions in only a few cases. Convergence was therefore not proven in all cases. In some cases, there was even a tendency towards divergence among the regions. In addition, the relationship between the aid granted and the annual growth of the chosen indicators was not achieved in all cases. This indicates that relevant local factors carry more weight and have a greater impact on an area than drawing support from EU funds.

6

The Contribution of Foreign Direct Investments to the Convergence of Regions in the Czech Republic

80%

Hašková S. , Volf P.

Littera Scripta

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2017

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tom 2

23-33

EN

The debate about the economic impact of multinational firms on a host country has been taking place for many years. Part of this discussion involves the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the unemployment rate and economic growth. Analysis of FDI development, unemployment rate and the real domestic product (GDP) was carried out within the regions of the Czech Republic over the last decade. Comparative method and correlation analysis was applied to investigate the degree of dependence between the FDI level and the convergence of the poorer regions towards the more developed ones in terms of the examined characteristics. Results of the comparative analysis indicate that the effect of FDI on unemployment and GDP is insignificant. Statistical dependence between foreign investment inflow and economic growth has not been demonstrated; neither has the correlation between FDI and unemployment been proved. Insensitivity of the monitored variables on FDI development can be regarded as a serious problem for the “effectiveness” of this type of incentive policy.

7

Fake news w dobie post-prawdy. Teoria i praktyka

80%

Bożek M.

Dydaktyka Polonistyczna

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2019

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nr 5 (14)

209-217

EN

Century is a time of a media revolution. Convergence, networking and massive digitalization of culture caused that traditional kind of media are changing its aspect and structure but not only. In addition, their impact on reality is much more stronger than several decades ago. The changes that are happening now in media affect much more than just our everyday life. Those, that are mentioned in article let us ask questions about existence of truth as a unquestionable value that is widely respected and defined as a basis for the functioning of democratic societies.

8

Reportaż „skonwergowany”. Dzienniki kołymskie J. Hugo-Badera jako hybryda medialna

80%

Frukacz K.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2014

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nr 2(14)

139-153

EN

The article analyses the relation between the process of media convergence and hybridization of contemporary reportage. The integration of old and new media in a single journalistic report of hybrid character is being analysed here. The author presents this phenomenon using Dzienniki kołymskie by J. Hugo-Bader as an example. It is a work which oscillates between travel diary and travel reportage, it was first published in sections on an Internet press portal. Additionally, the specific character of multimedia journalism and the poetics of digital reportages are commented on in the article.

9

Opowieść transmedialna – znak naszych czasów

80%

Boczkowska M.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2014

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nr 2(14)

125-137

EN

The article presents the so¬ called transmedia stories that have become more popular in the epoch of media convergence. Transmedia texts are the texts that tell their stories using different media, for example television, Internet or literature. Transmediality can be regarded as a kind of intertextuality. The author also presents several novels whose plot as well as other elements (for example fictive author) refer to popular TV series.

10

Sektorowa dekompozycja wzrostu wydajności pracy w krajach Unii Europejskiej

80%

Grodzicki M. , Katedra Ekonomii Matematycznej Instytutu Ekonomii i Zarządzania U. J.

Gospodarka w Praktyce i Teorii

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2014

|

tom 1(34)

EN

In the paper the results of the shift-share decomposition analysis of labour productivity growth in the European Union in 19970–2007 were presented. Making use of data from the EU-KLEMS and the GGDC Productivity Database, the role of productivity growth in 5 major economic sectors and of the employment shifts between these sectors for total productivity growth were analysed. Then, using the nonparametric method (LOWESS) dominant development patterns were distinguished. It was demonstrated that nearly 90% of productivity growth in the sample can be accounted to within effects and about 11% – to changes in employment structure. Employment shifts had on average a direction into more productive sectors, but also to less dynamic ones. Industry and services had the biggest contribution to productivity growth, on all development levels. Productivity dynamics is the highest on the lower development level of the economy. With development, it is becoming more and more difficult to enhance productivity – either by within effects or by changes in employment structure.

PL

W artykule zostały zaprezentowane wyniki analiz wzrostu wydajności pracy w 14 krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 1970–2007, wykonanych techniką dekompozycji sektorowej shift-share. Przy wykorzystaniu danych z baz EU-KLEMS i GGDC Productivity Database zbadano rolę zmian wydajności pracy w 5 sektorach gospodarki oraz przesunięć w zatrudnieniu pomiędzy tymi sektorami dla dynamiki wydajności na całym obszarze gospodarczym. Następnie przy wykorzystaniu metody nieparametrycznej (ważonej regresji lokalnej) zostały wyszczególnione dominujące wzorce rozwojowe. Okazuje się, że średnio blisko 90% wzrostu wydajności pracy w badanej próbie można przypisać wewnątrzsektorowej dynamice wydajności, a ok. 11% zmianom w strukturze zatrudnienia. Przesunięcia pracowników przebiegały zazwyczaj w kierunku sektorów o wyższej wydajności, lecz o niższej stopie wzrostu tej zmiennej. Największy wkład do wzrostu wydajności, na każdym poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego, mają sektory przemysłu i usług rynkowych. Dynamika wydajności jest najwyższa na niskim poziomie rozwoju, a wraz z jej wzrostem coraz trudniejsze staje się odnoszenie korzyści – zarówno wewnątrzsektorowych, jak i tych wynikających ze zmian w strukturze zatrudnienia.

11

Ewolucja poglądów na temat konwergencji w ekonomii rozwoju

80%

Jabłoński Ł.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2008

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tom 224

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nr 5-6

25-46

EN

The paper examines the evolution of views on convergence in development economics. The author describes the evolution of views on key factors and barriers to the process of bridging the gap in development in economically backward and developing countries. The author looks at convergence trends through the lens of the theory of economic growth and economic policies recommended to catching-up countries. A brief review of economic theories reveals that most theories focus on the factors and determinants of convergence. In the debate on convergence, the focus is increasingly moving away from material factors (physical capital) in favor of those linked with people (human resources) and relationships among microeconomic entities (institutions and social capital). However, this does not mean that material factors are less significant nowadays, Jabłoński says. Consequently, he adds, theoretical convergence scenarios should be built on the basis of material factors of growth and economic development. The way in which the theory of growth is evolving puts off the prospect of convergence between wealthy, developing and economically underdeveloped countries, Jabłoński says. The precursors of the theory of growth described convergence as a process that was in a sense indispensable and autonomous. Meanwhile, proponents of the theory of endogenous growth tend to see it largely as an illusion. In the context of his discussion of economic policies, the author concludes that, in determining the general framework for economic policy, it is necessary to avoid a universal approach based on Eurocentric and Atlantic modernization theories. The experience of developing countries from the 1980s shows that policies recommended to economically underdeveloped and developing countries should be adapted to these countries’ specific conditions, the author concludes.

12

The Global Economy in the 21st Century: Will the Trends of the 20th Century Continue?

80%

Gomułka S.

Central European Economic Journal

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2017

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tom 2

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nr 49

EN

This paper compares three lists of basic ‘stylized facts’ of global economic growth and proposes a list of five ‘stylized trends’ that describe the main developments of the global economy in the 20th century. The author’s main purpose is to answer the question whether, in the light of the contemporary growth theory and demographic forecasts, these trends are likely to continue in the 21st century. Considering this theory, it is argued that the global economy rate of growth of the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is likely to continue to be high in the first half of the current century, but decline significantly in the second half. This paper offers forecasts for the average growth rates during this century, and the levels by its end, of the per capita GDP for the technology frontier area (TFA) of the world, and for the countries outside the TFA. According to these forecasts, the strong divergence trend of the 19th and 20th centuries will be replaced by a strong convergence between the TFA and the other countries during the 21st century.

13

Konwergencja warunkowa w krajach transformacji

80%

Rogut A. , Roszkowska S.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2006

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tom 210

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nr 9

35-55

EN

The authors set out to determine if the convergence theory passes the test in 25 transition economies. On the basis of statistical data for the years 1991-2004, using an econometric model, they analyze the influence of GDP per employee on the growth of labor productivity. They also consider other factors with an influence on sustainable economic growth. Considering the significant heterogeneity of the analyzed economies in terms of market reforms and institutional conditions, the authors divided the sample into three relatively homogenous groups: 10 new European Union member states excluding Cyprus and Malta; 12 CIS countries; and five Southern and Eastern European economies. The authors evaluated conditional convergence in individual groups of economies, concluding that economies with lower GDP per employee at the start of transition were characterized by a higher rate of growth for most of the analyzed period. GDP per employee primarily depended on investment in physical and human capital, the share of government spending in GDP and inflation. Moreover, the analysis showed that convergence processes in individual countries led to converging long-term economic growth rates, which were positive rather than neutral, contrary to the classic convergence theory.

14

Modelowanie realnej konwergencji w skali międzynarodowej

80%

Próchniak M. , Witkowski B.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2006

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tom 211

|

nr 10

1-31

EN

The article discusses conditional β-convergence in 126 countries around the world in 1975-2003. The authors offer a theoretical model to explain the essence of convergence. Unlike in most empirical studies, the authors assume that convergence, or the relationship between the rate of economic growth and the initial level of GDP, is not constant but changes over time. The model was constructed on the basis of panel data, using the Fixed Effects estimator and the Generalized Method of Moments estimator developed by Arellano and Bond. The results of the evaluation confirm the existence of β-convergence, which is much faster than suggested by most empirical studies. When per capita GDP is 1% higher, the rate of growth falls by 0.20-0.22 percentage points on average. The β-convergence indicator ranges from 22% to 25%. By assuming that convergence is not constant, the authors proved that there is a strong relationship between the initial level of GDP and the rate of economic growth. This shows that their assumption was fully justified as the main hypothesis of the analysis.

15

Nowe oblicze komunikacji. Wybrane aspekty prawne i etyczne rozpowszechniania treści w cyberprzestrzeni

80%

Różycka M.

Zarządzanie Mediami

|

2015

|

tom 3

|

nr 2

107–120

EN

It can be regarded as we have a problem with the application of its provisions to the content present in the network in terms of law because regulations on media infiltrate boundaries – so, and the media themselves. Polish law is not adapted to the changing technology reality. And it is not only the universal use of social media. Traditional media also taking into account the convergence process are present in the network. The purpose of this publication is to analyze certain aspects of legal regulations concerning the distribution of content in cyberspace – on the basis of the law in Poland the media. To demonstrate that self-regulation in the area of electronic media has the great advantage that it can go in a relatively short distance for the development of “new” media. In contrast, new, precise regulations in the matter of electronic media are difficult to be implemented in a short time.

16

Pseudospectral method for semilinear partial functional differential equations

80%

Czernous W.

Opuscula Mathematica

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2010

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tom Vol. 30, no. 2

133-145

EN

We present a convergence result for two spectral methods applied to an initial boundary value problem with functional dependence of Volterra type. Explicit condition of Courant-Friedrichs-Levy type is assumed on time step τ and the number N of collocation points. Stability statements and error estimates are written using continuous norms in weighted Jacobi spaces.

17

Convergence and periodic properties of solutions for a class of delay difference equation

80%

Zhu H. , Huang L.

Fasciculi Mathematici

|

2007

|

tom Nr 37

121-128

EN

We propose a class of delay difference equation with piecewise constant nonlinearity. The convergence of solutions and the existence of globally asymptotically stable periodic solutions are investigated for such a class of difference equation.

18

Convergence of a finite difference scheme for von Foerster equation with functional dependence

80%

Zwierkowski P.

Demonstratio Mathematica

|

2012

|

tom Vol. 45, nr 3

725-737

EN

We analyse a finite difference scheme for von Foerster-McKendrick type equations with functional dependence forward in time and backward with respect to one dimensional spatial variable. Some properties of solutions of a scheme are given. Convergence of a finite difference scheme is proved. The presented theory is illustrated by a numerical example.

19

Wage Flexibility across EMU Members: How Endogenous is the Currency Union?

80%

Buscher H. , Gabrisch H.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

|

2010

|

tom 241

EN

Abstract. The authors test whether the introduction of a common currency and the single monetary policy in the European Monetary Union might have increased the need for nominal wage flexibility. They try to find out whether wage dynamics between euro member countries became more synchronized through the adoption of the common currency. They run a model of endogenously induced changes of bilateral correlation coefficients of wage dynamics, where trade intensity, sector specialization and financial integration are assumed to be the driving forces for endogeneity on the labor markets. They use a panel data structure to allow for cross-section weights for country-pair observations. Regressions are with instrument variables in order to disentangle exogenous from endogenous influences. They apply these techniques to the dynamics of nominal wages, real wages and unit labor costs. They find evidence of persistent asymmetries in nominal wage formation, despite a single currency and monetary policy, which is responsible for diverging unit labor costs and emerging trade imbalances among the EMU member countries.

20

Model-Based Method for Acoustic Echo Cancelation and Near-End Speaker Extraction: Non-negative Matrix Factorization

80%

Agrawal P. , Shandilya M.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

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2018

|

tom nr 2

15--22

EN

Rapid escalation of wireless communication and hands-free telephony creates a problem with acoustic echo in full-duplex communication applications. In this paper a simulation of model-based acoustic echo cancelation and near-end speaker extraction using statistical methods relying on nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is proposed. Acoustic echo cancelation using the NMF algorithm is developed and its implementation is presented, along with all positive, real time elements and factorization techniques. Experimental results are compared against the widely used existing adaptive algorithms which have a disadvantage in terms of long impulse response, increased computational load and wrong convergence due to change in near-end enclosure. All these shortcomings have been eliminated in the statistical method of NMF that reduces echo and enhances audio signal processing.