Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Merger Control in Georgia – national legislation and case law review

100%

Menabdishvili S.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

|

2016

|

tom 9(14)

181-194

EN

Georgia has amended its Law on Competition in 2014 in order to fulfil its obligations set out by the Association Agreement with the European Union. Despite further approximations of its laws with those of the EU, some serious flaws remain. Merging parties are obliged to submit a prior notification to the Competition Agency of Georgia if their total turnover exceeds 20 million Georgian lari (GEL) or if the value of their assets exceeds 10 million GEL (7,692,307 EUR). One of the most interesting aspects of the Georgian merger control system rests in what the Competition Agency is authorised to do in case of a failure to fulfil the notification duty. This paper will discuss Georgian rules on concentrations as well as two of its recent merger cases.

FR

La Géorgie a modifié sa loi sur la concurrence en 2014 afin de remplir ses obligations imposées par l’Accord d’association avec l’Union européenne. Malgré des rapprochements de la loi géorgienne avec la loi de l’Union européenne certains défauts persistent. Les parties de la concentration sont obligées de notifier l’Autorité de la concurrence géorgienne si leur chiffre d'affaires total dépasse 20 millions de lari géorgien (GEL) ou si la valeur de leurs actifs dépasse 10 millions de GEL (7.692.307 EUR). L'un des aspects les plus intéressants du système géorgien de contrôle des concentrations concerne les compétences de l’Autorité de la concurrence en cas de la violation de l’obligation de notification par l’entreprise. Cet article va analyser les règles de la loi géorgienne concernant les concentrations, ainsi que les deux affaires de concentration récentes.

2

Koncentracja sektora bankowego w Polsce na progu nowej perspektywy finansowej Unii Europejskiej

80%

Lipski M.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

|

2015

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tom 2(22)

157-164

EN

The aim of the paper is to present concentration changes in the Polish banking sector, as well as an attempt of further trends indication. In the analysis, the following concentration measures were used: CR5 ratio and Herfindahl-Hirschman ratio. Before the evaluation of the market structure, in the paper there is a short synthesis of the most important aspects determining interpretation of the results and giving wider perception at which point of development the analysed banking market in Poland is. Conducted analysis points out that the Polish banking sector presents lower level of concentration than sectors in most countries of the EU15 and in other countries of the Central-Eastern Europe. In the following years further consolidation processes should be expected. The scale and pace of these changes will be also influenced by the view of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority.

3

Competition in the Polish Banking Sector

80%

Pawłowska M.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2010

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tom 240

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nr 5-6

91-119

EN

The paper aims to assess changes in the level of competition in Poland’s banking sector in 1997-2007. Competition between banks is one of the most important factors behind the stability of the financial sector through its influence on the profitability of banks, access to external funding, and the country’s economic development as a whole. In this paper, the Panzar and Rosse model was applied to assess the level of competition in the banking sector. The results of the analysis of the Polish banking sector show that between 1997 and 2007 commercial banks operated under monopolistic competition. The degree of competition in the Polish banking sector is close to that in euro-area banking sectors (which is reflected by the values of the Panzar and Rosse measures). This applies to both corporate and retail banking. The main driving factor behind competition in the Polish banking sector was the country’s entry into the European Union. The same channels, i.e. consolidation and financial deregulation, that were observed in the EU at the time of adopting the euro influenced competition between banks in the Polish banking sector at the time of EU entry. This was mainly due to foreign capital from the euro area.

4

Competitiveness and concentration of the banking sector as a measure of banks’ credit ratings

80%

Chodnicka-Jaworska P.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2018

|

nr 519

26-39

EN

The aim of the paper is to verify the impact of the competitiveness of the banking sector and concentration on banks’ credit ratings. A literature review was carried out and as a result the following hypothesis was put forward: the bigger the banks from the countries where the banking sector is more concentrated and more competitive, the higher the banks’ credit ratings. The analysis was conducted using ordered panel data models on banks’ credit ratings with the use of quarterly data on a European banks’ sample. Long-term issuer credit ratings given to banks by the three largest credit rating agencies were used as a dependent variable.

5

Wpływ poziomu koncentracji na efektywność działania banków spółdzielczych w Polsce

80%

Siudek T.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Ekonomiki i Organizacji Przedsiębiorstw / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

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2007

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tom Nr 50, t. 1

635-639

PL

W artykule autor przedstawił zależność efektywności działania banków spółdzielczych w Polsce od poziomu ich koncentracji. Z uzyskanych danych wynika, że wzrost poziomu koncentracji banków spółdzielczych powodował spadek poziomu ich efektywności działania.

EN

The author restated dependence of efficiency of working of cooperative banks in the article in Poland from the level of their concentration. He is resulting from obtained data that the increase in the level of the concentration of cooperative banks was causing the drop in the level of their efficiency of action.

6

Identification of Water Quality in Wet and Intermediate Zones in Selected, Sri Lanca: An Analytical Review

80%

Fowzul Ameer M. L.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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tom 19

19-31

EN

This study is based on the analysis of drinking water parameters in selected wet and intermediate zones of Sri Lanka. Unsafe drinking water is one of the main concerns in developing countries. In Sri Lanka, the drinking water quality is a major concern in many places. A series of studies have been conducted in intensive agricultural production areas, namely, Jaffna, Vavuniya, Anuradhapura, Kurunagala and Hambantota. This represents a longitudinal section of Sri Lanka, and the study was done to understand the groundwater quality over the years of 2004 to 2009. Water from selected areas were sampled throughout the villages of this area mostly from open wells and tube wells. The samples were analysed for their chemical quality in order to identify water quality as compared with the Sri Lankan Drinking water standard. For this study, Sodium (Na+), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Chloride (Clˉ), Sulphate (SO42ˉ) and Nitrate (NO3ˉ) were analysed. Accordingly, in the Dry Zone, the concentration of the Ca, Mg and Cl are higher than in the Wet Zones. Indeed, some sampling wells in the Dry Zones have extreme concentration of Ca (more than 1000 mg/l) and this is a major threat to the consumers for drinking purposes. In total, of 103 wells, 6 percent of the sampling wells were identified as contaminated, whereas in total, of 96 wells in the Dry Zone, 64 percent of the sampling wells were found to be contaminated due to chemical concentration. We found that rural areas are facing agrochemical-leaching problems into the groundwater, whereas urban areas are facing industrial and biological materials seeping into the ground and surface water bodies.

7

Trade Diversity and Stages of Development—Evidence on EU Countries

80%

Parteka A.

Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo

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2012

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nr 30

23-44

EN

The paper presents the dynamics of trade diversification with respect to stages of development in the European context. The analysis focuses on EU27 countries observed across the years 1988–2010 and compared to a sample of 136 international economies at all levels of income per capita. We will use product level statistics (six digit HS0) and confront export and import patterns of absolute diversification/concentration. The results show that in line with \‘stages of diversification\’ approach [Imbs and Wacziarg, 2003], EU27 countries are characterized by a high degree of trade diversity (on average, EU27 countries export 78% and import 90% of goods effectively exported and imported at the world level) and within the analyzed period most of them registered a reconcentration of trade structures. Obtained estimation results confirm a positive relationship between trade diversity and economic development levels (conditional mainly upon the size of the country) with a possibility of reconcentration at higher stages of development (observable in nonparametric estimates).

8

Competition and concentration in the Polish banking sector after the global financial crisis of 2008

80%

Pawłowska M.

Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace

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2018

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nr 4 (36)

163-181

EN

The aim of this paper is to investigate the level of competition in the Polish banking sector. The analysis of concentration ratios and competition measures showed that as a result of the consolidation process, the level of competition in the Polish banking sector decreased. Moreover, it was pointed out that despite the generally favorable situation, the regulatory requirements observed in recent years are a significant challenge for banks in order to maintain their competitive position on the market. In addition, it seems that the greatest challenge now is the inability to reconcile pressure on short-term profits along with long-term development strategies.

9

Comparison of the sensitivity of a concentration, correlation and strong compactness by increasing interferences

80%

Kuklewski M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Opolska

|

2011

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tom z. 66

43-44

EN

Comparison of the sensitivity of a concentration, correlation and strong compactness by increasing interferences. The idea is to use it in the diagnostic system.

10

Recent Competition Policy Developments in Hungary – Merger Control

80%

Nagy A.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

|

2013

|

tom 6(8)

191-200

11

Fast measurement of radon concentration in water with Lucas cell

80%

Machaj B. , Bartak J.

Nukleonika

|

2004

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tom Vol. 49, nr 1

29-31

EN

Abstract Fast method of measurement of radon concentration in water based on flushing (bubbling) water sample with air in closed loop with Lucas cell is presented. The main feature of the method is washing radon from large sample of water to small volume of air including the volume of Lucas cell, thanks to which high radon concentration in the air and considerable sensitivity of measurement is achieved. Estimated measuring sensitivity is S = 8.5 cpm/(Bq/dm3). Random error due to statistical fluctuations of count rate at radon concentration 1, 100, 10 000 Bq/dm3 is: 11, 1.1, 0.1% correspondingly at counting (measuring) time 10 min. Minimum detectable radon concentration in water for such counting time is 0.11 Bq/dm3.

12

Koncentracja działalności sektora bankowego w Polsce w latach 1995-2002

80%

Guzowska M. , Kisielewska M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Prace Instytutu Ekonomiki i Organizacji Przedsiębiorstw / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

|

2006

|

tom Nr 47

189--197

EN

The banking sector in Poland forms a competitive market with over 60 participants by the end of 2004. However, the number of banks is declining during the last decade as at the mid of 80. the sector encompassed over 80 entities. Some of the industry analysts forecast for the nearest future there only will remain several global financial institutions. This paper provides a study of concentration of Polish banking sector. Commonly accepted measures of market concentration such as: Concentration Ratio (CR), Rosenbluth Index, Gini Coefficient, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and Entropy Measures have been employed.

13

Tendencje rozwojowe chowu bydła mlecznego w aspekcie opłacalności produkcji mleka

80%

Będzikowska L.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

|

2015

|

tom 1(21)

183-191

EN

In Poland dairy farming has become more concentrated for the last 10 years. However the extent of fragmentation is still higher than in Western European countries. Only farms with more than 35 cows and with an average milk production of at least 6000 1/year will retain potential for growth and market competitiveness. In the Płock region there are still unused opportunities for the growth of dairy production if the scale of production is increased.

14

Diffusion Permeability of Cation-Exchange Membrane in Different Solutions

80%

Gubari M. Q. , Abdulkarim A. A. , Alekseeva N. V.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

tom Vol. 22, nr 8

140--145

EN

This work is devoted to study the effect of thermal conditions and concentrations on the diffusion permeability of a cation exchange membrane (MK-40) using sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium acetate (C2H3NaO2) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) solutions, which are usually highly concentrated components of pigment yellow 13 of industrial wastewater. A cell containing two compartments was used to analyze the properties of membrane. The results showed that the maximum diffusion permeability coefficients for NaCl, C2H3NaO2, and CH3COOH were 6.08×10-9 m2/s, 13.29×10-11 m2/s, and 25.95×10-11 m2/s, respectively. The increase in the CH3COOH solution concentration was found to improve the diffusion permeability. However, the NaCl and C2H3NaO2 solutions exhibited decreases in diffusion permeability with solution concentration. There was a significant increase in diffusion permeability with temperature.

15

SPATIAL DIVERSIFICATION OF ENERGY CROPS IN POLISH AGRICULTURE: A STUDY OF PLANTATION CONCENTRATION BASED ON LOCAL INDICATORS OF SPATIAL ASSOCIATION (LISA)

80%

Kołodziejczak A. , Rudnicki R.

Quaestiones Geographicae

|

2017

|

tom 36

|

nr 2

49-56

EN

The paper deals with the spatial diversification of energy crops and their concentration in the Polish agriculture. The analysis of changes in territorial patterns regarding those plantations involves natural factors, effects of urbanisation, and the level of absorption of European Union funds. The concentration of plantations is presented by means of local spatial correlations of energy crops; for the purposes of this research, local Moran’s statistic (Ii) has also been employed.

16

Effect of bis-ammonium quaternary salts on the red blood cells

80%

Kleszczynska H. , Kilian M. , Przestalski S. , Witek S.

Postępy Biologii Komórki

|

1989

|

tom 16

|

nr 1

17

Estimation of kinetic coefficients describing marine aerosol by means of lidar method

80%

Zielinski T. , Piskozub J. , Zielinski A.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Earth Sciences

|

1993

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tom 41

|

nr 3

18

RP-HPLC-UV Determination of ezetimibe in serum: Method development, validation and application to patients chronically receiving the drug

70%

Suchy D. , Łabuzek K. , Pierzchała O. , Okopień B.

Acta Chromatographica

|

2013

|

tom Vol. 25, no. 3

483--502

EN

Ezetimibe is the first in a new class of antihypercholesterolemic drugs. Since it has not long been available on the market, many of its properties may still be revealed. Analytical methods for its determination are scarce, especially regarding serum samples. A simple, fast, and effective high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method for the determination of ezetimibe concentration in human serum has therefore been developed. Three mobile phases were analysed, and original modifications to the concentration and flow parameters were made. Of five potential internal standards (IS), only nitrendipine was found to be suitable. The analytical wavelength was chosen based on the absorption spectrum of ezetimibe in the mobile phase. Finally, an extraction analysis was performed using two different solvents, and the extrahent volume was optimised. The final method developed was as follows. Single extraction of 1 mL serum sample, spiked with IS, was performed using 10 mL of methyl-t-butyl ether. Separation was obtained at ambient temperature on a Waters C18 Symmetry Shield (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) column. The isocratic mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 0.1 M ammonium acetate aqueous solution 55:45 (v/v), set at flow rate of 0.75 mL min−1. Ezetimibe was detected at a wavelength of 232 nm after 5.49 min, and the IS was detected at 8.05 min. The developed method has been validated according to ICH standards. It was found to be specific, precise, accurate and linear over the range 10-800 ng mL -1 with R2 > 0.998, and detection and quantification limits of 4.60 ng mL -1 and 13.94 ng mL -1, respectively. The method has been applied to clinical serum samples. The developed technique allowed for successful in vivo assessment of ezetimibe concentrations in samples obtained from hypercholesterolemia patients who are chronically receiving the drug.

19

Spatial differences in migration of businesses: The example of Polish regions

70%

Dziemianowicz W.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

|

2018

|

tom 22

|

nr 3

142-149

EN

Companies relocate in various manners. Some of them move by way of foreign direct investments, other relocate within their countries, regions or local areas of operation (e.g. when a company moves its seat to a different street). This paper focuses on the issue of relocating companies' seats. Data analysis (on NUTS2 level) indicates that migration of companies leads to an increased concentration of businesses in the Mazovia region, in particular in Warsaw. Additionally, it was demonstrated that in all of the Polish voivodeships the majority of companies that migrate do so within their regions. The weakest “magnet” for businesses are the voivodeships belonging to the least developed areas in Poland (Eastern Poland) and the Opole voivodeship, which undergoes a significant decline in population.

20

Assessment of the Soil Cover Quality in the Adjacent Areas to Landfills Based on the Study of Changes in Heavy Metals Concentration

70%

Kekelidze D. , Tsotadze G. , Maisuradze G. , Akhalbedashvili L. , Chkhaidze M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 23, nr 5

271--277

EN

Heavy metals are an urgent environmental problem, since their high concentrations have a negative impact on soil chemistry. Solid domestic waste landfills are a direct source of heavy metals accumulation in soils. Landfills pollute and poison large areas around them. Heavy metals are concentrated in the surface layer of the soil 0–10 cm deep, and can later migrate into plants and further into living organisms. The article examines soil pollution by the total content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn) in the areas adjacent to Tbilisi and Telavi (Georgia) landfills and on illegal landfill in the village of Anaga (Sighnaghi municipality). The results show that the soil cover of the territories adjacent to solid domestic waste landfills and illegal landfills is contaminated with heavy metals. The data obtained confirm the migration of heavy metals mainly in terms of the distance from the landfills. High concentrations of heavy metals in soils are characteristic of lead and cadmium. There is also a tendency towards a decrease in the content of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc with distance from the landfill of solid domestic waste.