Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Characterization of knot complements in the n-sphere

100%

Liem V.-T. , Venema G. A.

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nr 2

189-196

EN

Knot complements in the n-sphere are characterized. A connected open subset W of $S^n$ is homeomorphic with the complement of a locally flat (n-2)-sphere in $S^n$, n ≥ 4, if and only if the first homology group of W is infinite cyclic, W has one end, and the homotopy groups of the end of W are isomorphic to those of $S^1$ in dimensions less than n/2. This result generalizes earlier theorems of Daverman, Liem, and Liem and Venema.

2

Zmiany poziomu przeciwciał oraz białek C3 i C4 w surowicy krwi w wyniku krioterapii ogólnoustrojowej

75%

Jackowska E. , Pisula A. , Drulis-Kawa Z. , Guz K. , Bugla-Płoskońska G. , Doroszkiewicz W. , Stręk W.

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tom Vol. 12, nr 2

101-103

PL

Badania dotyczyły wpływu krioterapii ogólnoustrojowej na poziom przeciwciał i białek C3 i C4 w surowicy osób poddanych cyklicznemu działaniu niskich temperatur. Stwierdzono podwyższenie stężeń białek dopełniacza; po zakończeniu wszystkich serii badań miały one wartości podobne do wyjściowych lub były wyższe.

EN

The level of proteins in blood serum as a result of whole body cryotherapy was examined. Differences in the concentration of immunoglobulins and C3 and C4 complement proteins were stated. After the therapy the concentration of serum proteins was similar to initial values or higher. These changes seem to be stable.

3

Features Reduction Using Logic Minimization Techniques

75%

Borowik G. , Łuba T. , Zydek D.

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tom Vol, 58, No. 1

71-76

EN

This paper is dedicated to two seemingly different problems. The first one concerns information theory and the second one is connected to logic synthesis methods. The reason why these issues are considered together is the important task of the efficient representation of data in information systems and as well as in logic systems. An efficient algorithm to solve the task of attributes/arguments reduction is presented.

4

Ozone as sensitizer of bacteria to the bactericidal action of complement

63%

Doroszkiewicz W. , Sikorska I. , Jankowski S.

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nr 3-4

5

The ancestry and cumulative evolution of immune reactions

51%

Dzik J. M.

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nr 4

443-466

EN

The last two decades of study enriched greatly our knowledge of how the immune system originated and the sophisticated immune mechanisms of today's vertebrates and invertebrates developed. Even unicellular organisms possess mechanisms for pathogen destruction and self recognition. The ability to distinguish self from non-self is a prerequisite for recognition of sexual compatibility and ensuring survival. Molecules involved in these processes resemble those found in the phagocytic cells of higher organisms. Recognition of bacteria by scavenger receptors induces phagocytosis or endocytosis. The phagocytic mechanisms characterizing the amoeboid protozoans developed further during the evolution towards innate immunity. The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain SRCR is encoded in the genomes from the most primitive sponges to mammals. The immune system of sponges comprises signal transduction molecules which occur in higher metazoans as well. Sponges already possess recognition systems for pathogenic bacteria and fungi, based on membrane receptors (a lipopolysaccharide-interacting protein, a cell surface receptor recognizing β(1 → 3)-d-glucans of fungi). Perforin-like molecules and lysozymes are involved, among others, in defense in sponges. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species function in the immunity of early metazoan. Genes encoding the family of reactive oxygen-generating NADPH oxidases (Noxes) are found in a variety of protists and plants. The NO synthases of cnidarians, mollusks, and chordates are conserved with respect to the mammalian NOS. The antimicrobial peptides of protozoans, amoebapores, are structural and functional analogs of the natural killer cell peptide, NK-lysin, of vertebrates. An ancestral S-type lectin has been found in sponges. Opsonizing properties of lectins and the ability to agglutinate cells justify their classification as primitive recognition molecules. Invertebrate cytokines are not homologous to those of vertebrate, and their functional convergence was presumably enabled by the general similarity of the lectin-like recognition domain three-dimensional structure. Sponges contain molecules with SCR/CCP domains that show high homology to the mammalian regulators of complement activation (RCA family). A multi-component complement system comprising at least the central molecule of the complement system, C3, Factor B, and MASP developed in the cnidarians and evolved into the multilevel cascade engaged in innate and acquired immunity of vertebrates. The adaptive immune system of mammals is also deeply rooted in the metazoan evolution. Some its precursors have been traced as deep as in sponges, namely, two classes of receptors that comprise Ig-like domains, the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), and the non-enzymic sponge adhesion molecules (SAM). The antibody-based immune system defined by the presence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T-cell receptor (TCR), B-cell receptor (BCR) or recombination activating genes (RAGs) is known beginning from jawed fishes. However, genes closely resembling RAG1 and RAG2 have been uncovered in the genome of a see urchin. The ancestry of MHC gene remains unknown. Similarly, no homologue of the protein binding domain (PBD) in MHC molecules has been found in invertebrates. The pathway by which endogenous peptides are degraded for presentation with class I MHC molecules utilizes mechanisms similar to those involved in the normal turnover of intracellular proteins, apparently recruited to work also for the immune system. Several cDNAs coding for lysosomal enzymes, e.g., cathepsin, have been isolated from sponges. All chromosomal duplication events in the MHC region occurred after the origin of the agnathans but before the gnathostomes split from them. The V-domains of the subtype found in the receptors of T and B-cells are known from both agnathans and cephalochordates, although they do not rearrange. The rearrangement mechanism of the lymphocyte V-domains suggests its origin from a common ancestral domain existing before the divergence of the extant gnathostome classes. Activation-induced deaminase (AID) - homologous proteins have been found only in the gnathostomes. It appears thus that the adaptive immunity of vertebrates is a result of stepwise accumulation of small changes in molecules, cells and organs over almost half a billion years.

6

Indukcja reguł decyzyjnych z dwustopniowym procesem selekcji reguł

51%

Mańkowski M. , Łuba T. , Borowik G. , Jankowski C.

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tom nr 7

691--697

PL

Dyskutowana jest nowa metoda indukcji reguł decyzyjnych. W przeciwieństwie do klasycznej metody sekwencyjnego pokrywania stosuje się w niej dwustopniowy proces selekcji reguł, w którym pojedyncze obiekty są uogólniane w celu uzyskania zbioru reguł minimalnych. Następnie rodzina wszystkich minimalnych reguł jest selekcjonowana wydajnymi algorytmami heurystycznymi. Przedstawione wyniki eksperymentów wskazują, że metoda znacząco usprawnia proces indukcji reguł decyzyjnych.

EN

A new method of solving the rule induction problem is discussed. The method is different to the classical approach using the so called sequential covering strategy. The main idea is to use the two stage selection process where single objects are considered in order to find whole sets of minimal rules. Next the family of minimal rules is selected using efficient highly-heuristic algorithms. The presented results of experiments with typical databases indicate that the proposed approach significantly improves the efficiency of the rule induction process.

7

Assessment of the transcription levels for the complement activation control system in eutopic endometrium in women with two or more consecutive miscarriages of unknown etiology

51%

Wirstlein P. , Mikolajczyk M. , Skrzypczak J.

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2010

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tom 48

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nr 3

8

Effect of deltamethrin on cells producing IgG antibodies and complement activity

51%

Lukowicz-Ratajczak J. , Krechniak J.

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1995

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tom 03

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nr 1