Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Invasive Species and Maintaining Biodiversity in the Natural Areas – Rural and Urban – Subject to Strong Anthropogenic Pressure

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Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz B. , Łukaszkiewicz J. , Rosłon-Szeryńska E. , Wysocki C. , Wiśniewski P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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tom Vol. 19, nr 6

14--23

EN

Expansion of invasive species can be clearly seen all over Poland. Foreign tree and herbaceous plant species are effectively taking over more and more habitats competing with native vegetation. This phenomenon is strongly pronounced in the areas subject to strong anthropogenic pressure. The presence of invasive plants replacing the native vegetation is a threat for biodiversity and ecological balance. The research carried out by the authors between 2011 and 2017 on selected sites (comparatively: urban and open spaces, including a 600 ha park and a 10 km long forest strip along a river) confirms the pressure exerted by invasive species irrespective of the natural conditions of a particular site or its type – in each case it is most prominent in areas where vegetation is not properly maintained or where it is not maintained at all. The research was based on the dendrological inventories and phytosociological assessments. The inventories were used for a detailed assessment of both the condition and structure of treestands, including accounting for invasive species. Phytosociological assessment can, among others, form a basis for forecasting ecological stability of individual plant communities. Uncontrolled expansion of invasive species, especially in the areas of strong anthropogenic pressure, may cause unfavourable natural succession and in consequence – destabilisation of ecological system in a given area.

2

Middle and Late Pleistocene terrestrial snails from the Middle Dniester area, Ukraine (based on Mykola Kunytsia’s collections)

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Popiuk Y. , Ridush B. , Solovey T.

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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tom Vol. 65, No. 1

art. no. 6

EN

Extensive collections of land molluscs from the many sections of Middle and Late Pleistocene deposits in the region of the Middle Dniester River were made by Professor Mykola Kunytsia (1925-2002). These collections, now at the Natural Museum, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, were for the most part analysed, but remained partially unpublished. M. Kunytsia used them for regional reconstructions of palaeolandscapes during various stages of the Pleistocene. In our study, we used these collections to assess the land snail diversity in the region during consecutive stages of the Middle and Late Pleistocene. Our analysis of faunas of cold and warm stages showed that the latter were more diverse. While all or most of the cold stages had many species in common, the faunas of the warm stages were more heterogeneous. Such a feature may play an essential role in Quaternary biostratigraphy.

3

Methods Applied for Measurement and Visualization of Changes in Biodiversity

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Łagód G. , Chomczyńska M. , Montusiewicz A. , Malicki J. , Stransky D.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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2014

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tom 21

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nr 4

593-604

EN

The article presents the possible methods for determining biological or statistically significant differences between taxocenoses compared with respect to biodiversity. To obtain a complete description of biological differences between the compared hypothetical communities, the following indices were calculated: S (taxon richness), H (the Shannon index), Hmax (the maximum value of the Shannon index for the richness of taxa represented by the same number of individuals), Vd (a percentage value of covering the structural capacity of community, “evenness deficiency”), E (the MacArthur index - a taxon number (S) in a community for which the observed value of H equals Hmax), and Ps (a taxon richness shortage in percents). Moreover, a graphic profile method (Дд, Tj, and Lj profiles) was used for comparing the diversity of the communities. To obtain information about statistically significant differences in biodiversity between the analysed communities, rarefaction curves were applied. The curves are based on the null models and the Monte Carlo method. The rarefaction method resulted in determination of the statistical significance of the differences between taxon richness and Shannon's index values for the compared communities. The Vd and Ps indices and the profile method allowed concluding about the significance of the biological differences between taxocenoses, even when their values of Shannon's H indices were numerically similar.

4

Problematyka różnorodności biologicznej w kształceniu studentów na kierunkach przyrodniczych

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Walosik A. , Jancarz-Łanczkowska B. , Rożej-Pabijan E.

Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa

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2014

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nr 3

49-57

EN

Education concerning biodiversity has a long tradition in Poland, and has its origin in environmental education in XIX century. Biodiversity education in a novel approach encompasses three aspects – environment, society and economy. This approach arise with Education for Sustainable Development and Biodiversity Convention in 1992 during United Nations conference in Rio de Janeiro „Environment and development”. Poland as the cosignatory of Biodiversity Convention is obliged to educate for biodiversity protection on all levels of formal education. What means, that content connected to biodiversity should be present in all documents related to formal education, including curricula at universities. Here we aimed at comparing curricula of two faculties at Pedagogical University in Cracow: Biology and Environmental protection to verify if they include content related to biodiversity.

5

Biodiversity and Temporal Diversity in Archaeological Landscapes: Towards a New Perception

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Matteini T.

Loci Communes. International Journal of Studies on Spaces in Arts and Humanities, Anthropology and Architecture

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2021

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tom 1

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nr 1

1-12

EN

Reflecting on several crucial issues regarding the protection, planning, and management of archaeological landscapes from the point of view of the Discipline of Landscape Architecture, the article focusses on the roles of the vegetal component and plant biodiversity in the landscaping of archaeological sites.After outlining a background framework of the theoretical, cultural, and ecological relationships between vegetation and ruins adopting a landscape architecture approach, the article proposes a set of conceptual and operational tools to deal with active and inventive1 conservation of archaeological landscapes, striving to adopt the “strong forward-looking” attitude recommended by the European Landscape Convention (Florence 2000).By re-reading the consolidated concept of biodiversity (CBD, 1992) according to a different research dimension, the concept of temporal diversity is explored and proposed as a key issue in the interpretation and planning of layered landscapes. Focusing in particular on design issues in the management of ruin and vegetation integration, an innovative approach is presented in regards to various greenery-related potentialities in the landscaping and management of archaeological sites.The article’s concluding remarks aim to open new trans-disciplinary windows of research on active and inventive conservation of archaeological landscapes to foster further exploration of this potentially broad ambit of investigation.

6

Eutrophication influence on phytoplankton community composition in three bays on the eastern Adriatic coast

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Bužančić M. , Gladan Ž. N. , Marasović I. , Kušpilić G. , Grbec B.

Oceanologia

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2016

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tom No. 58 (4)

302--316

EN

This study shows the influence of eutrophication pressure on the phytoplankton community structure, abundance and biodiversity in the investigated bays with different hydromorphological features. Šibenik Bay is a highly stratified estuary of the karstic river Krka; Kaštela Bay is a semi-enclosed coastal bay, which is influenced by the relatively small river Jadro; and Mali Ston Bay is located at the Neretva River estuary, the largest river on the eastern part of the Adriatic Sea. All of the areas are affected by urban pressure, which is reflected in the trophic status of the waters. The greatest anthropogenic influence was found in Kaštela Bay while the lowest influence was found in Mali Ston Bay. In this study, the highest biomass concentration and maximum abundance of phytoplankton were recorded at the stations under the strongest anthropogenic influence. Those stations show a dominance of abundance compared to the biomass and a dominance of opportunistic species, which is reflected in the lower biodiversity of phytoplankton community. Diatoms were the most represented group of the phytoplankton community in all three bays, followed by the dinoflagellates. Diatoms that were highlighted as significant for the difference between the bays were Skeletonema marinoi in Šibenik Bay, Leptocylindrus minimus in Kaštela Bay and the genus Chaetoceros spp. in Mali Ston Bay. Dinoflagellates were more abundant at the stations under the strongest anthropogenic influence, and most significant were Prorocentrum triestinum in Kaštela Bay and Gymnodinium spp. in Šibenik Bay and Mali Ston Bay.

7

Bioróżnorodność w przestrzeni miejskiej (Pod patronatem ZSZP)

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Skórkowska A.

Zieleń Miejska

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2013

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tom Nr 7-8

30--32

PL

W trosce o jakość życia warto rozmawiać o bioróżnorodności, bo jest ona kluczem do naszej przyszłości.

8

Intra-population genetic diversity of cultivated carrot (Daucus carota L.) assessed by analysis of microsatellite markers

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Maksylewicz A. , Baranski R.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2013

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tom 60

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nr 4

753-760

EN

Intra-population variation of 18 cultivated carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus) populations of diverse origins was evaluated using codominant microsatellite (SSR) markers. Using 27 genomic and EST-derived SSR markers, 253 alleles were identified with a mean 9.4 alleles per marker. Most of the alleles (60.5%) were rare i.e., with the frequency ≤ 0.05 while only 3.95% of alleles occurred with frequency > 0.6. EST-derived SSR markers were less polymorphic than genomic SSR markers. Differences in allele occurrence allowed 16 out of 18 populations to be assigned to either the Western or Asian carrot gene pools with high probability. Populations could be also discriminated due to the presence of private alleles (25.3% of all alleles). Most populations had excess of alleles in the homozygous state indicating their inbreeding, although heterozygous loci were common in F1 hybrids. Genetic diversity was due to allelic variation among plants within populations (62% of total variation) and between populations (38%). Accessions originating from continental Asia and Europe had more allelic variants and higher diversity than those from Japan and USA. Also, allelic richness and variability in landraces was higher than in F1 hybrids and open-pollinated cultivars.

9

Vulnerability of the Biological Elements of River Bed Ecosystem on Regulatory Works

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Hachoł J. , Bondar-Nowakowska E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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tom Vol. 18, nr 2

51--56

EN

The vulnerability of the system to changes is an additional factor that is often taken into account in risk analysis. Usually this assessment takes into account only two elements – probability and consequences of an event. The study attempts to assess the vulnerability of vascular aquatic plant communities to the qualitative and quantitative changes as a result of regulatory works in a river bed. The aim of the paper is to assess the possibility of using biological indicators, commonly used in assessing the status of aquatic ecosystems, as indicators of the vulnerability of analyzed communities. These are: the number of plant species, the degree of their bottom coverage, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and ecological status. Field studies were carried out in growing seasons from 2008–2014 in small and medium-sized lowland watercourses in Lower Silesia. The field study included an inventory of vascular aquatic plants. Based on the results of the research, values of biological indicators were calculated and statistical analysis (cluster analysis and Spearman’s rank correlation) were performed. On this basis it was found that the number of aquatic plants species and diversity index may be indicators of the vulnerability of plant communities to the changes as a result of river regulation.

10

Environmental Assessment of Copepod Biodiversity Community – A Case Study of Hilla River in Iraq

100%

Al-Keriawy H. A. H. , Al-Kalidy S. K. A. A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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tom Vol. 24, iss. 4

168--176

EN

This investigation of the biodiversity of copepods was carried out in the Hilla River. From January 2021 to December 2021, monthly samples of water and copepods were taken at three different locations in the river for this investigation. Water’s temperature, turbidity, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total hardness, nitrate, and phosphate are some of the physical and chemical characteristics taken into account. A study was undertaken using biological indicators such the Shanon-Weiner index, Species Uniformity Index, and Species Richness Index. There were 24 copepod taxonomic units found. Copepoda had a maximum density of 1453 ind/m3 in April and a lowest density of 80 ind/m3 in February. The statistical study’ findings revealed a statistically significant positive association between density, all of pH, BOD5, Nitrate, and Phosphate, as well as a statistically significant negative correlation with each of dissolved oxygen and total hardness. The Shanon-Weiner index recorded its greatest value in May, 3.33 bits/ind, and its lowest value in December, 0.08 bits/ind. The greatest value of the Species Uniformity Index (E) was 0.99 in March, while the lowest values of 0.1 were reported in July. Species homogeneity index and each of Turbidity have a substantial negative association and a strong positive connection, respectively. The Species Richness Index reached its greatest point in April (6.13), while it reached its lowest point in January (1.46). According to the statistical study, there is a strong positive association between Index values and a strong negative correlation with overall hardness.

11

Cyanobacterial diversity from seven mangrove environments of Kerala, India

100%

Ram A. T. , Shamina M.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2017

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tom 9

91-97

EN

A survey on the cyanobacterial biodiversity of 7 mangrove environments viz. Vallikunnu, Kadalundi, Kallayi, Mangalavanam, Kumbalam, Kumarakom and Mekkara mangroves of Kerala was undertaken during 2014-2016. In total, 31 species of cyanobacteria coming under 10 genera and 4 families were recorded in all mangrove environments. Maximum species (13 species) of cyanobacteria were recorded from Kadalundi, whereas the minimum was recorded from Mangalavanam (2 species). The genus Oscillatoria was observed with maximum distribution (13 species), followed by Nostoc (5 species) and Lyngbya (3 species). The genus Aphanocapsa, Microcoleus and Scytonema (2 species each) and Chroococcus, Aphanothece, Merismopedia, and Phormidium (1 species each) shows equal distribution. As many as three species, namely Oscillatoria salina, Oscillatoria ornata and Oscillatoria vizagapatensis were common in all mangrove environments except Mangalavanam and Mekkara.

12

Estuaries - a biological point of view

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Wołowicz M. , Sokołowski A. , Lasota R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2007

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tom Vol. 36, No.3

113-130

EN

Estuaries are considered adverse environments for many living organisms because of their unstable environmental conditions. Variability in salinity, temperature and oxygen concentration of the water, diverse substrata and geomorphological structures are major contributors to increased ecological stress in estuaries. These variations contribute to the characteristic estuarine spatial and temporal changes of physico-chemical properties, which operate even at small scales. In terms of biology estuaries represent fascinating environments - transition zones between freshwater and marine biomes. Freshwater entering an estuary has a major influence on the ecology of the system, its productivity, diversity and the distribution of organisms, with a high variability of niches favouring an increase of biodiversity and biomass. Many estuarine species/organisms show broad and efficient physiological adaptations (ecotypes) in response to these environmental factors. Under locally specific conditions, even different genetic clades (groups) can be formed. Estuaries serve as vital nursery systems for many fish and unique feeding grounds for migratory birds. On the other hand, estuaries are often seriously degraded habitats, hence providing an ideal environment for combining studies on ecology, nature conservation and human impact.

13

Lumbricidae Biodiversity at the Sites in Bieszczady Mountains (Poland) After 25 Years

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Kostecka J. , Mazur-Pączka A. , Pączka G. , Garczyńska M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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tom Vol. 19, nr 2

125--130

EN

Soil degradation is caused by geological, climatic and biological factors, as well as human activities. One kind of degradation involves loss of soil biodiversity as a result of global environmental changes. A study on earthworms was carried out near Ustrzyki Górne in the Bieszczady Mts (Poland), on a monthly basis, in 1986–1987 and 2009–2010 at various sites within the Carpathian beech forests (Fagetum carpaticum). During the years 1986–1987, a total of 13 species of earthworms were found: 6 species on site I, 8 species on site II, and 9 species were recorded within the site III. The highest abundance, i.e. 11 species was found on site IV. The study, which revisited the same locations in 2009–2010, identified only 10 species. In sites I, II and III, 7 earthworm species were found in each, and in site IV –10 species. The authors also investigated the factors endangering the fauna of earthworms in the Bieszczady Mountains, and following the example set by other countries which had made attempts to introduce earthworms into the red lists of the threatened species, it was proposed that such a procedure should be adopted for the endemic species O. transpadanus. It was also observed that specimens of L. terrestris had penetrated the natural areas of the National Park.

14

Biodiversity of Lactococcus lactis bacteriophages in Polish dairy environment

100%

Szczepańska A. K. , Hejnowicz M. S. , Kołakowski P. , Bardowski J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2007

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tom 54

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nr 1

151-158

EN

We present here the results of an exploration of the bacteriophage content of dairy wheys collected from milk plants localized in various regions of Poland. Thirty-three whey samples from 17 regions were analyzed and found to contain phages active against L. lactis strains. High phage titer in all whey samples suggested phage-induced lysis to be the main cause of fermentation failures. In total, over 220 isolated phages were examined for their restriction patterns, genome sizes, genetic groups of DNA homology, and host ranges. Based on DNA digestions the identified phages were classified into 34 distinct DNA restriction groups. Phage genome sizes were estimated at 14-35 kb. Multiplex PCR analysis established that the studied phages belong to two out of the three main lactococcal phage types - c2 and 936, while P335-type phages were not detected. Yet, analyses of bacterial starter strains revealed that the majority of them are lysogenic and carry prophages of P335-type in their chromosome. Phage geographical distribution and host range are additionally discussed.

15

The role of anthropogenic water reservoirs within the landscapes of mining areas – a case study from the western part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin

100%

Jaruchiewicz E.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

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2014

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tom 2

|

nr 1

16-26

EN

A few thousand anthropogenic water reservoirs can be found in the area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basis (USCB) located in southern Poland. In this paper the role of such anthropogenic lakes in the landscape of the western part of the USCB was presented and illustrated with the example of Knurów, a mining city, and its immediate surrounding area. The study of landscape changes in this area was carried out on the basis of archival and contemporary cartographic materials, historical sources, and interviews with inhabitants and direct field observations. It was found that the origin of the majority of the water reservoirs is related to hard coal, clay and sand mining. They were created primarily as a result of filling subsidence basins and post-mining excavations with water, as well as being the result of the construction of various hydro-technical facilities (settling ponds, fire protection water reservoirs, etc.) In the study area the anthropogenic water reservoirs are of different sizes, shapes and durability and play different roles in the environment. Between 1884 and 2001 their number increased 25-fold, while at the same time their total surface area increased more than 8-fold. The role of the newly created water reservoirs in the landscape primarily involves the transformation of the existing terrestrial ecosystems into wetland ecosystems. The agro-forestry landscape of the late 19th century was transformed into a typically anthropogenic landscape with a dominant share of water reservoirs, settlement ponds and mining waste heaps. The most common species of plants around the water reservoirs are Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Potamogeton natans, Lemna sp., Acorus calamus, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Alisma plantago-aquatica and Glyceria aquatica. The most valuable elements of the flora include Trapa natans and Ruppia maritima, species recognized in Poland as threatened with extinction. Changes in the vegetation cover can be considered favourable since the analysed area is currently characterised by greater biodiversity. Reservoirs are in general positively perceived by residents and used for recreational purposes.

16

Analysis of regulatory and legislative acts on the conservation of the planet's biodiversity, ratified by Ukraine

100%

NAGORNIUK O. , MUDRAK O. , MUDRAK H. , SOBCZYK W.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

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2017

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tom 8

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nr 4

214-219

EN

The problems of studying, preservation and rational use of natural resources in modern conditions are no less relevant than the issues of politics and economics, and are absolutely connected with them. The analysis of regulatory and legislative acts on the conservation of the planet's biodi-versity is made.

17

Problematyka bioróżnorodności w nowym PROW na lata 2014-2020

100%

Gała P.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2015

|

tom 13

165-177

EN

One of the human expansions on Earth there is substantial increase of species extinction rate. And this process leads to significant reduction in biodiversity. However, its protection is necessary for the most elementary reasons: – to maintain mechanisms of living nature action, – to maintain nature’s capacity to survive the environment changes; – to prevent the loss of natural values, not yet identified and used, which may constitute the basis for development and guarantee for survival of future generations. The notion of biodiversity was defined by the Convention on biodiversity adopted at the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (so called “Earth Summit”) in Rio de Janeiro, 5th June 1992. Both the Republic of Poland and the European Union is the Signatory of this Convention. Therefore, the obligations imposed on the Convention signatories shall be reflected both in the national and the European Union legislation. Undoubtedly, the legal regulations, both of the Community and the national ones concerning support for rural development include solutions purposed to protect biodiversity. It also appears that these solutions intend to approach the coherent system to support biodiversity.

18

Ochrona bioróżnorodności a prawa własności intelektualnej w rolnictwie

100%

Gała P.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2014

|

tom 12

137-148

EN

Convention on biological diversity of 5th June, 1992 including the regulations of the “International Treaty” on Plant “Genetic Resources” for Food and Agriculture prepared in Rome on 3rd November 2001 and the regulation of the Nagoya Protocol (of 29th October 2010) on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization to the Convention on biological diversity will significantly affect the practice relating to the creative breeding of new plant varieties. Among the objectives of the above cited international legal acts “the fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from the utilisation of genetic resources” is to be noted. Since utilisation of genetic resources is an essential component of the creative breeding of new plant varieties, the new, detailed legal regulations covering this area have to cause impacts on the breeding process and obtaining the exclusive plant variety right. The new legal regulations concerning protection of biodiversity will impact, in particular, on far–reaching formalisation of the breeding process through enforcing compilation and collection of the documentation connected with the genetic resources of origin used in the breeding process. Moreover, the way of participation of particular seed industry participants in profits connected with commercialisation of the exclusive plant variety right will also be subject to remodelling. Beside hitherto beneficiaries of such profits, i.e. breeders (holders of the exclusive plant variety right) and seed companies (licensees of the exclusive plant variety right) the group of entities salary–earning for the exclusive plant variety right will be also extended with entities providing genetic resources for the creative needs of plant breeding.

19

Areas of the European Ecological Network Natura 2000 in Roztocze

100%

Kałamucka W. , Kałamucki K. , Stanicka M.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2015

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nr 1(39)

155-164

EN

The Natura 2000 network includes Special Areas of Conservation SACs (habitat refuges coded PLH ) and Special Protection Areas SPA (bird refuges coded PLB). The objective of the network, covering the member states of the European Union, is the preservation of natural habitats and plant and animal species threatened with extinction on a European scale, as well as typical, commonly occurring natural habitats. Currently in Poland the Natura 2000 network covers almost 1/5 of the land surface. It includes 849 Sites of Community Importance (“habitat” areas — potential special areas of habitat conservation), and 145 special protection areas for birds. The region of Roztocze includes, entirely or in part, three bird refuges (PLB060012 Roztocze, PLB060008 Puszcza Solska, PLB060021 Dolina Sołokiji ) and 12 habitat refuges (PLH060070 Borowa Góra, PLH060003 Debry, PLH180017 Horyniec, PLH060089 Minokąt, PLH060017 Roztocze Środkowe, PLH060020 Sztolnie w Senderkach, PLH060022 Święty Roch, PLH060094 Uroczyska Lasów Adamowskich, PLH060034 Uroczyska Puszczy Solskiej, PLH060093 Uroczyska Roztocza Wschodniego, PLH060028 Zarośle, and PLH060029 Żurawce). The article presents the geographical-environmental description of the refuges of Natura 2000 in Roztocze, and point out their relations with the previously existing protected areas and subjects of protection.

PL

Sieć Natura 2000 obejmuje Specjalne Obszary Ochrony SOO (ostoje siedliskowe o kodzie PLH) oraz Obszary Specjalnej Ochrony OSO (ostoje ptasie o kodzie PLB). Celem sieci obejmującej kraje Unii Europejskiej jest zachowanie zagrożonych wyginięciem siedlisk przyrodniczych i gatunków roślin i zwierząt w skali Europy oraz typowych, powszechnie występujących siedlisk przyrodniczych. Obecnie w Polsce sieć Natura 2000 zajmuje prawie 1/5 powierzchni lądowej. W jej skład wchodzi 849 obszarów mających znaczenie dla Wspólnoty (obszary „siedliskowe” - przyszłe specjalne obszary ochrony siedlisk) oraz 145 obszarów specjalnej ochrony ptaków. Na obszarze Roztocza położone są w całości lub częściowo, trzy ostoje ptasie (PLB060012 Roztocze, PLB060008 Puszcza Solska, PLB060021 Dolina Sołokiji) i 12 ostoi siedliskowych: PLH060070 Borowa Góra, PLH060003 Debry, PLH180017 Horyniec, PLH060089 Minokąt, PLH060017 Roztocze Środkowe, PLH060020 Sztolnie w Senderkach, PLH060022 Święty Roch, PLH060094 Uroczyska Lasów Adamowskich, PLH060034 Uroczyska Puszczy Solskiej, PLH060093 Uroczyska Roztocza Wschodniego, PLH060028 Zarośle, PLH060029 Żurawce. W artykule dokonano charakterystyki geograficzno-przyrodniczej ostoi Natura 2000 Roztoczu, wskazując również na ich powiązania z wcześniej istniejącymi obszarami chronionymi i przedmioty ochrony.

20

Small water ponds as reservoirs of algae biodiversity

100%

Paczuska B. , Paczuski R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2015

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tom Vol. 44, No. 4

480--486

EN

The areas of northern Poland are typical examples of recently formed post-glacial landscapes with a very large number of small ponds. Phycology of these ponds has been seldom studied, especially when compared to data collected from lager post-glacial lakes. The aim of our study was to determine the importance of small ponds to the biodiversity of algae. In 1996-2002 and 2012-13, we carried out phycological studies in 20 small ponds located in fields and forests. During the study period, we recorded the presence of 503 taxa of algae. The flora of algae was unique in each pond. Another important and frequent observation was the total and rapid “rebuilding” of algal flora. Statistical analyses revealed some other important facts, including the importance of small ponds to algal biodiversity. The average number of taxa recorded during the studies of individual water reservoirs was 56, thus much less than usually recorded in typical large lakes. But when we take the large number of small ponds into consideration, it appears that they represent more than 97% of the populations of algae and for this reason they are important to the biodiversity of algae.