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1
Content available remote Optical and structural properties of sol-gel derived bioactive glasses
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EN
The preparation of sol-gel derived bioactive glass thin films coated on corundum has been described. Their morphology and physicochemical features were characterized by means of XRD, SEM and UV-VIS-IR methods.
EN
A series of glasses of the composition 20Na2-O-15CaO-5B2O3-5SiO2-(55 - x) P2O5:xMnO2, was prepared and characterized by XRD, DSC, SEM, and Raman techniques. The samples were later immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for checking the potential growth of hydroxyapatite layer (HA). Experiments confirmed that addition of manganese oxide leads to structural changes of the glasses. With increasing content of MnO2, the surface of the samples became more congenial for improving the growth of HA. The formation of HA layer on the surface of the samples was confirmed just after seven days of immersion. The growth rate of HA has gradually increased with the increase of MnO2 content.
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In this communication, hollow bioactive glass (BG) nanofibers were fabricated via a single-nozzle electrospinning method. The morphology of the prepared hollow BG nanofibers was observed by SEM and TEM, and the results showed that BG nanofibers had a continuous hollow interior. The hollow BG nanofibers were incubated in simulated body fluid (SBF) to investigate their apatitemineralization ability, and the result showed that after incubation for 6 h a flower-like apatite was observed on the surface of hollowBGnanofibers, and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) result further confirmed the formation of apatite. The results suggested that hollow BG nanofibers could be used for drug delivery and bone regeneration applications due to their unique hollow structure and bioactivity.
EN
To prevent the high frequency of wound infections, anti-bacterial agents can be loaded onto composites. In the present study, the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TC)was incorporated, for the first time, in collagen type I membranes coated with nano-sized SiO2-CaOP2O5 bioactive glass (n-BG) obtained by a sol-gel chemical route. Collagen membranes coated with n-BG were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) containing 0.25, 0.75 or 1.25 mg mL−1 of TC for 48 h at 37∘C following a coprecipitation method. The antibiotic was released in distilledwater at 37∘C for up to 72 h. The antibacterial activity of the composites was evaluated in vitro by the inhibition zone test and plate count method. Two different Staphylococcus aureus strains, S. aureus ATCC29213 and S. aureus ATCC25923, were exposed to the biomaterials. The results showed that the incorporation but not the release of TC was dependent on the initial concentration of TC in SBF. The biomaterials inhibited S. aureus growth, although the efficacy was similar for all the concentrations. The results allow us to conclude that the new composite could have potential in the prevention of wound infections.
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Content available remote Novel Highly Degradable Chloride Containing Bioactive Glasses
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EN
Addition of CaF2 to a silicate bioactive glass favours formation of fluorapatite, which is less soluble in acidic environment than hydroxyapatite. However, excess CaF2 in the glass is problematic, owing to the formation of crystalline calcium fluoride rather than fluorapatite on immersion. In this paper we investigate chloride as an alternative to fluoride in bioactive silicate glasses and in particular their bioactivity for the first time. Meltderived bioactive glasses based on SiO2-P2O5-CaO-CaCl2 with varying CaCl2 contents were synthesised and characterised by DSC. Chemical analysis of the chloride content was performed by using an ion selective electrode. Glass density was determined using Helium Pycnometry. The glass bioactivity was investigated in Tris buffer. Ion release measurements were carried out by using ICP-OES. The chemical analysis results indicated that the majority of the chloride is retained in the Q2 type silicate glasses during synthesis. Tg and glass density reduced with increasing CaCl2 content. Apatite-like phase formation was confirmed by FITR, XRD and 31P MAS-NMR. The results of the in vitro studies demonstrated that the chloride containing bioactive glasses are highly degradable and form apatite-like phase within three hours in Tris buffer and, therefore, are certainly suitable for use in remineralising toothpastes. The dissolution rate of the glass was found to increase with CaCl2 content. Faster dissolving bioactive glasses may be attractive for more resorbable bone grafts and scaffolds.
EN
Bone regeneration is a process of vital importance since fractures of long bones and large joints have a highly deleterious impact on both, individuals and society. Numerous attempts have been undertaken to alleviate this severe medical and social problem by development of novel bioactive materials, among which bioactive glass is the most attractive because of its osteoconductive and osteostimulative properties. Since lipid peroxidation is an important component of systematic stress response in patients with traumatic brain injuries and bone fractures, studies have been undertaken of the molecular mechanisms of the involvement of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), an end product of lipid peroxidation, in cellular growth regulation. We found that HNE generated in bone cells grown in vitro on the surfaces of bioactive glasses 45S5 and 13-93. This raises an interesting possibility of combined action of HNE and ionic bioglass dissolution products in enhanced osteogenesis probably through a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. While the proposed mechanism still has to be elucidated, the finding of HNE generation on bioglass offers a new interpretation of the osteoinducting mechanisms of bioglass and suggests the possibility of tissue engineering based on manipulations of oxidative homeostasis.
EN
Ion release of Mg- and Zn-substituted Bioglass 45S5 (46.1 SiO2-2.6 P2O5-26.9 CaO-24.3Na2O; mol%; with 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% of calcium replaced bymagnesium/zinc) was investigated at pH 7.4 (Tris buffer) and pH 4 (acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer) in static and dynamic dissolution experiments. Despite Mg2+ and Zn2+ having the same charge and comparable ionic radii, they influenced the dissolution behaviour in very different ways. In Tris, Mgsubstituted glasses showed similar ion release as 45S5, while Zn-substituted glasses showed negligible ion release. At low pH, however, release behaviour was similar, with all glasses releasing large percentages of ions within a few minutes. Precipitation of crystalline phases also varied, as Mg- and Zn-substitution inhibited apatite formation, and Zn-substitution resulted in formation of zinc phosphate phases at low pH. These results are relevant for glasses used in aluminium-free glass ionomer bone cements, as they show that Zn/Mg-substituted glasses release ions similarly fast as glasses containing no Zn/Mg, suggesting that these ions are no prerequisite for ionomer glasses. Zn-substituted glasses may potentially be used as controlled-release materials, which release antibacterial zinc ions when needed only, i.e. at low pH conditions (e.g. bacterial infection), but not at normal physiological pH conditions.
EN
Titanium alloys, due to their exceptional mechanical properties and biocompatibility, are commonly used to produce medical implants nowadays. However, the presence of such elements as aluminium and vanadium can be harmful to human health. One of the possible solutions could be replacing the titanium alloys with ultrafine-grained commercially pure titanium (cpTi). The yield and also the ultimate strength of cpTi can exceed 1000 MPa. One of the most promising methods in manufacturing medical implants with improved biological fixation is laser cladding in which bioactive glass coatings are imposed on metallic substrates. The aim of this work is development of a 3D numerical model of the above mentioned additive manufacturing process. The obtained model is able to predict the stress-strain and temperature distributions during the processing. A sequentially coupled finite element (FE) model of laser cladding has been developed by applying element birth and death technique to calculate the transient temperature fields used in the stress analysis. The concentrated volumetric heat source from the laser beam moving along the metal surface has been represented by the Gaussian distribution in the radial and exponential decay in the depth direction. The developed FE based numerical model is capable to support the optimal design of such advanced multi-layered structural materials using the laser cladding technique.
PL
Stopy tytanu są obecnie powszechnie stosowane do produkcji implantów medycznych ze względu na wyjątkowe własności mechaniczne i biokompatybilność. Jednakże obecność takich pierwiastków jak aluminium i wanad może być szkodliwa dla zdrowia ludzkiego. Jednym z możliwych rozwiązań tego problemu może być zastąpienie stopów tytanu ultradrobnoziarnistym komercyjnie czystym tytanem (cpTi), którego granica plastyczności i wytrzymałość na rozciąganie cpTi może przekraczać nawet 1000 MPa. Jedną z najbardziej obiecujących metod produkcji implantów medycznych jest napawanie laserowe, w którym powłoki szkła bioaktywnego są nakładane na podłoża metaliczne. Celem pracy było opracowanie modelu numerycznego 3D w/w procesu wytwarzania przyrostowego. Otrzymany model jest w stanie przewidywać rozkłady naprężeń, odkształceń i temperatur występujących w trakcie procesu. Opracowano model sekwencyjny napawania laserowego wykorzystując metodę elementów skończonych (MES) i technikę dezaktywacji i aktywacji elementów skończonych, co pozwoliło obliczyć przejściowe pola temperatury, które wykorzystano następnie do analizy naprężeń. Skoncentrowane objętościowe źródło ciepła wiązki laserowej przemieszczającej się wzdłuż powierzchni metalu było opisane za pomocą rozkładu Gaussa. Opracowany model numeryczny może wspomóc projektowanie i wytwarzanie zaawansowanych wielowarstwowych materiałów z wykorzystaniem techniki napawania laserowego.
EN
Bone regeneration is a process of vital importance since fractures of long bones and large joints have a highly deleterious impact on both, individuals and society. Numerous attempts have been undertaken to alleviate this severe medical and social problem by development of novel bioactive materials, among which bioactive glass is the most attractive because of its osteoconductive and osteostimulative properties. Since lipid peroxidation is an important component of systematic stress response in patients with traumatic brain injuries and bone fractures, studies have been undertaken of the molecular mechanisms of the involvement of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), an end product of lipid peroxidation, in cellular growth regulation. We found that HNE generated in bone cells grown in vitro on the surfaces of bioactive glasses 45S5 and 13-93. This raises an interesting possibility of combined action of HNE and ionic bioglass dissolution products in enhanced osteogenesis probably through a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. While the proposed mechanism still has to be elucidated, the finding of HNE generation on bioglass offers a new interpretation of the osteoinducting mechanisms of bioglass and suggests the possibility of tissue engineering based on manipulations of oxidative homeostasis.
PL
Celem prezentowanej pracy było wytworzenie kompozytów o osnowie metalicznej (Ti) i ceramicznej (TiO2) modyfikowanych bioaktywnymi szkłami. Do badań zastosowano bioszkła otrzymywane na drodze syntezy zol-żel (BGZ) oznaczone symbolami A2 i S2 o składzie chemicznym A2 - 54CaO-40SiO2-6P2O5 (% mol.) oraz S2 - 16CaO-80SiO2-4P2O5 (% mol.). W pracy wytworzono kompozyty Ti modyfikowane 10% wag. oraz TiO2 z udziałem 25% wag. bioaktywnych szkieł pochodzenia żelowego (A2, S2). Stosując skaningową mikroskopię elektronową (SEM) oraz analizę rentgenograficzną (XRD) scharakteryzowano mikrostrukturę oraz skład fazowy otrzymanych kompozytów. Przeprowadzono badania ich parametrów mechanicznych (wytrzymałość na ściskanie). Bioaktywność materiałów oceniono na podstawie zmian morfologii powierzchni próbek po kontakcie przez 21 dni z płynem symulującym ludzkie osocze (SBF). Przeprowadzone badania wskazały, że dodatek bioaktywnych szkieł, zarówno do matrycy Ti jak i TiO2, spowodował otrzymanie materiałów o wytrzymałości na ściskanie odpowiadającej wartościom wytrzymałości części korowej kości ludzkiej. W przypadku kompozytów TiO2-BGZ otrzymano dodatkowo znaczące wzmocnienie materiałów i wytrzymałość na ściskanie wyższą niż materiał odniesienia TiO2. Oba wytworzone w pracy rodzaje kompozytów Ti-BGZ oraz TiO2-BGZ wykazywały właściwości bioaktywne.
EN
The aim of this study was to fabricate and evaluate both Ti- and TiO2-matrix composites modified with bioactive glasses. The glasses were produced by the sol-gel method (BGZ), named A2 and S2, and had the chemical composition of 54CaO-40SiO2-6P2O5 (mol. %) and 16CaO-80SiO2-4P2O5 (mol. %), respectively. Concentrations of added bioglasses were 10 wt% and 25 wt% for the Ti-BGZ and TiO2-BGZ composites, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the microstructure and phase composition of the obtained materials. The composites were also characterized for their mechanical properties, i.e. compressive strength. The bioactivity of composites was assessed by determining the changes of surface morphology of the composites after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days. It was found that the addition of bioactive glasses into the Ti matrix results in compressive strength values comparable to cortical bone, and the incorporation of bioactive glasses to the TiO2 matrix leads to the strengthening of the materials which was adequate for bone implants. Both Ti-BGZ and TiO2-BGZ composites showed good bioactive properties.
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Content available remote Patentowa(na) historia szkła. Cz. 5
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