Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Centaurea cyanusL. Polysaccharides and Polyphenols Cooperation in Achieving Strong Rat Gastric Ulcer Protection

100%

Pirvu L. , Bubueanu C. , Panteli M. , Petcu L. , Coprean D.

Open Chemistry

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2015

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tom 13

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nr 1

EN

This work was aimed at testing gastroprotective effects of Centaurea cyanus L. (herba) polysaccharides (P) and polyphenols (A) fractions on stress-induced rat ulcer model. Studies evaluating acute toxicity in rats and antioxidant (chemiluminescence method) and antimicrobial (on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC8739 strains) activities of Centaurea cyanus L. (herba) product, which combined polysaccharides and polyphenols fractions (PA), have also been done. Accordingly, in vivo pharmacological studies revealed high influence of PA product (500 mg kg-1 of body weight) on deep, moderate and superficial gastric mucosal lesions, greater than that of chemical reference, Ranitidine. P product was proven more effective than Ranitidine in opposing the emergence of deep necrotic lesions only, suggesting the ability of polysaccharides compounds to consolidate gastric mucous layer as well as their certain tendency for cooperation with polyphenols fractions. The acute toxicity study indicated the lack of toxicity of PA product and maximum tolerated doses greater than 1875 mg kg-1 of body weight. PA product provided augmented scavenger activity and week antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC8739 strains, resulting in better opportunities for valorisation of the aerial part of Centaurea cyanus L. species in order to obtain new and effective natural medicines.

2

John William Trevan’s concept of Median Lethal Dose (LD50/LC50) – more misused than used

100%

Pillai S. K. , Kobayashi K. , Michael M. , Mathai T. , Sivakumar B. , Sadasivan P.

Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research

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2021

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tom 15

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nr 3

3

Wykorzystanie testu toxalert do oceny stanu wód powierzchniowych wokół zakładu przemysłowego

88%

Wolska L. , Mińkowski M. , Kuczyńska A. , Namieśnik J.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2003

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tom Vol. 10, nr 6

575-586

PL

Przedstawiono badania, których celem była próba oceny wpływu działalności gospodarczej prowadzonej przez zakład przerobu ropy naftowej na ekotoksyczność wód powierzchniowych wokół zakładu. Badano także skuteczność procesu oczyszczania ścieków, powstających w związku z tą działalnością, w przyzakładowej oczyszczalni. Toksyczność wód oznaczano za pomocą testu bakteryjnego z zastosowaniem organizmów Vibrio fischeri. Podjęto również próbę identyfikacji związków organicznych obecnych w badanych wodach z wykorzystaniem techniki GC-MS.

EN

The trial of impact assessment of an economic activity running by refinery factory on surface water ecotoxicity in the neighbourhood has been presented. The effectivity of the treatment process of wastewater formed during this activity has been examined as well. Toxicity of water samples has been determined using bacterial test based on application of Vibrio fischeri organisms. Additionally, GC-MS technique has been applied for an identification of organic compounds presented in the samples.

4

Toxicological evaluation of xanthan gum based hydrogel formulation in Wistar rats using single dose study

88%

Malik N. S. , Ahmad M. , Minhas M. U. , Tulain R. , Khalid I. , Barkat K. , Rashid A.

Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

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2020

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tom 77

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nr 2

353-360

EN

Xanthan gum-based hydrogel formulation FXG3 was prepared by a free radical polymerization technique. To assess safety of FXG3 hydrogel for potential application as new drug delivery system, a single oral dose toxicity study was conducted according to OECD guidelines. Female adult rats of Wistar strain were divided into group A and group B. Group A served as the control and was given 1mL/100 g body weight 0.9% saline. Group B received a dose of 5g/kg body weight of FXG3 hydrogel. Rats were observed continuously for 14 days for clinical signs, and prior to terminal sacrifice, blood samples were taken to assess for haematology and biochemical parameters. Selected organs (heart, liver, lung, kidneys, spleen, and stomach) were removed and examined macroscopically, washed, sliced and stained with haematoxylin-eosin for histopathological investigation. No mortality or any signs of acute toxicity was observed during the observation period. No macroscopic alteration was found in the selected organs. Histopathological examination did not show any pathological changes. Thus, the maximal tolerated dose of FXG3 was calculated to be higher than 5g/kg body weight. It can be concluded that FXG3, a xanthan gum-based hydrogel formulation, was non-toxic after acute oral administration at 5g/kg body weight, and thus may be a promising candidate in controlled drug delivery system.

5

Wstepne badania toksycznosci proszkowych srodkow gasniczych

75%

Mlynarczyk W. , Witt M.

Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna

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1997

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tom 30

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nr 2

201-206

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań toksyczności ostrej dożołądkowej i dotchawiczej proszkowych środków gaśniczych: Pollenitu F (LB- 3) i Totalitu Super 80.

EN

The aim of our study was to evaluate the acute oral and intratracheal toxicity of Pollenit F (LB-3) and Totalit Super 80 powdered fire-extinguishing agents used by fire-brigades. Acute oral toxicity tests were carried out on male В ALB mice by Gadumm's Probit Analysis, whereas acute intratracheal toxicity was tested on male Wistar rats by Thompson's method. For oral toxicity, Pollenit F was classified into the category of slightly toxic agents, while Totalit Super 80 into the probably relatively nonharmful class. In the intratracheal toxicity test, Pollenit F showed 4 times higher toxicity than in the oral toxicity test - a finding which is essential for the assessment of firemen exposure. LD50 for Totalit Super 80 could not be determined, probably due to different physical characteristics of the agent.

6

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity study of recombinant bovine interferon alpha in rodents

75%

Yu H.-Y. , Gao D.-M. , Zhou W. , Xia B.-B. , He Z.-Y. , Wu B. , Jiang M.-Z. , Wang M.-L. , Zhao J.

Journal of Veterinary Research

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2021

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tom 65

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nr 2

7

Toxicity of Water after Short-Term Contact with PVC Materials Depending on the Temperature and Components of the Polymer Composition

75%

Olkova A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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tom Vol. 22, iss. 5

119--125

EN

This work shows a paradoxical fact: a highly plasticized PVC sample containing the maximum amount of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) compared to medium- and low-plasticized polymers turned out to be the least toxic. This was confirmed in express bioassays for the pre-lethal reactions of Paramecium caudatum Ehrenber and Escherichia coli M-17 when determining the acute toxicity for mortality of Daphnia magna Straus and Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg, as well as in chronic tests for D. magna. The migration of DEHP from the tested PVC samples into water was confirmed by the mass spectrometry method. It was shown that the contact of PVC materials with hot water (70℃) led to a significant increase in the toxicity of the extracts compared to cold extraction (20℃). The search for safe composition of PVC materials must be carried out in the direction of the optimal ratio of PVC-polymer, plasticizer and heat stabilizer, as well as replacing the components of the composition with safe substances.

8

QSAR modeling for acute toxicity prediction in rat by common painkiller drugs

75%

Roy J. S. , Gupta K. , Talapatra S. N.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2016

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tom 52

EN

Painkiller drugs or analgesics are potent pain reliever chemical agents, which are commonly used in pain therapy. Mathematical modeling by QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) methods are well known practices to determine predictive toxicity in biota. Now-adays, an easy screening of chemicals, QSAR can be done by using several recommended softwares. The present study was carried out by using software namely T.E.S.T. (Toxicity estimation software tool) for rat oral LD50 (median lethal dose) predictive toxicity for common painkiller drugs. These painkiller drugs were selected as 35 compounds and tabulated on the basis characteristics of one non-narcotic viz. acetaminophen, twenty non-steroidal anti-inflammatory such as bromofenac, diclofenac, diflunsial, etodolac, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, maclofenamate sodium, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, nabumetone, naproxen, oxaprozin, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, sulindac and tolmetin as well as fourteen narcotic viz. buprenorphine, butorphanol, codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, levorphanol, meperidine, methadone, morphine, nalbuphine, oxycodone, pentazocine, dextropropoxyphene and tapentadol. The data were tabulated on experimental (bioassay) from ChemIDPlus and T.E.S.T. and predictive toxicity of 30 compounds out of 35 compounds by using T.E.S.T. The predictive data were found by T.E.S.T. that 20 and 10 compounds were very toxic and moderately toxic respectively but not extremely, super toxic and non-toxic in rat model after acute oral exposure. It is suggested to evaluate the predicted data further with other available recommended softwares with different test models like daphnia, fish etc. to know aquatic toxicity when these compounds may discharge into waterbodies.

9

Badania toksykometryczne wybranych czwartorzedowych soli imidazoliowych

75%

Mlynarczyk W. , Ewertowska M. , Wlosian D. B. , Zabielska-Matejuk J.

Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna

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2000

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tom 33

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nr 2

143-150

PL

Badano wpływ struktury chemicznej dwóch czwartorzędowych soli imidazoliowych na toksyczność i siłę działania toksycznego.

EN

The aim of this work was to evaluate the acute toxicity, functional accumulation toxicity, and skin irritating effect of quaternary imidazole salts: 1-decyl-3-hexylxymethylimidazole chloride, and 1-decyl- 3-cyclohexylxymethylimidazole chloride. Oral acute toxicity was assessed by the Gadumm (Finey) method, while the functional accumulation toxicity was determined by the Lim subchronic toxicity test. Both tests were performed on female and male Wistar rats. The skin irritating effect was tested by the Draize method on Viennese white rabbits. The values of the indices of acute toxicity, accumulation toxicity and irritating effect obtained in our experiment make it possible to classify the imidazole salts as slightly toxic, but with strong cumulative properties (accumulation of toxic effects) and strong skin irritating activity. The salts may be safely used as impregnating agents, to protect wood from insects and fungi, or as disinfectants on condition that sufficient care is ensured and relevant work safety rules are observed.

10

Acute toxicity of nitrite to grass carp [Ctenopharyngodon idella [Val.]] larvae

75%

Korwin-Kossakowski M. , Myszkowski L. , Kazun K.

Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii

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1996

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tom 43

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nr 4

11

Use of a planarian Dugesia tigrina Girard in the studies of acute toxicity of organic substances

75%

Piontek M.

Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii

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1999

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tom 46

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nr 3-4

12

Use of the planarian Dugesia tigrina Girard in studies of acute intoxication

75%

Piontek M.

Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii

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1999

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tom 46

|

nr 1

13

Toksycznosc eteru dekabromodifenylowego w warunkach ekspozycji jednorazowej szczurow

63%

Bruchajzer E. , Szymanska J. A.

Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna

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2007

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tom 40

|

nr 4

395-400

14

Toksyczne oddziaływanie metali ciężkich na rośliny, zwierzęta i ludzi

63%

Ociepa-Kubicka A. , Ociepa E.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2012

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tom T. 15, nr 2

169-180

PL

Zanieczyszczenie środowiska metalami ciężkimi jest jednym z ważniejszych zagrożeń dla zdrowia ludzi. Do organizmu człowieka metale ciężkie są wchłaniane przez skórę, wdychane, spożywane z produktami roślinnymi i zwierzęcymi. Przechodzenie pierwiastków do kolejnych ogniw łańcucha pokarmowego, a w konsekwencji do organizmu człowieka jest ograniczone działaniem barier biologicznych. Należy jednak podkreślić, że przy nadmiernym stężeniu pierwiastków działanie tych barier jest zmniejszone, co wiąże się z ryzykiem negatywnego ich oddziaływania na środowisko, a przede wszystkim na zdrowie człowieka. Metale mogą wywołać natychmiastowe ostre zatrucia lub stany przewlekłe. Zatrucia ostre powodują takie metale, jak: As, Zn, Cd, Cu, i Hg. Zatrucia przewlekłe mogą wywoływać m.in. As, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sn, Co, Ni, Mn, Se, Fe i Ag. Schorzenia przewlekłe występują przez długi czas w formie utajonej. Po pewnym czasie mogą wywołać bardzo niebezpieczne zmiany mutagenne lub uszkodzenia centralnego systemu nerwowego. Do najbardziej toksycznych metali ciężkich należą: ołów, rtęć i kadm. Stwierdzono istotne zależności między stężeniami metali ciężkich w spożywanych pokarmach czy wdychanym powietrzu a umieralnością na nowotwory.

EN

Contamination of the environment with heavy metals is one of the major threats for human health. Heavy metals are absorbed by skin, inhaled and consumed with plant and animal products. Transport of elements to subsequent links of food chain, and in consequence to a human organism, is limited by functioning of biological barriers. It has to be pointed out that at the excessive concentration of these elements the functioning of these barriers is impaired, and thus leading to risk of negative impact on the environment, and primarily on human health. Heavy metals do not undergo biological degradation. Detoxification of heavy metals by living organisms mostly occurs through "hiding" active ions of heavy metals in protein structures such as metallothioneins or storing heavy metals in insoluble forms in intracellular granules for long-time accumulation or excretion with faeces. Heavy metals can cause acute toxicity or persistent conditions. Acute toxicity is caused by As, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Hg whereas persistent conditions are mostly due to As, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sn, Co, Ni, Mn, Se, Fe and Ag. Persistent conditions are in latent form for long periods. After some time they can cause extremely dangerous mutanogenic changes or damages to the central nervous system. The most toxic heavy metals include lead, mercury and cadmium. There is a significant correlation between the concentrations of heavy metals in consumed foods or inhaled air and cancer mortality. The correlations between malicious cancers of the gastro-intestinal tract, lymphatic system, bone marrow, breasts and the intake of cadmium or lead have been proven.

15

Acute toxicity and Dose fixation studies on Chloroxylon swietenia Dc bark extracts on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

63%

Jayaprasad B. , Sharavanan P. S. , Sivaraj R.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2015

|

tom 48

EN

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with the highest rates of prevalence and mortality worldwide. Chloroxylon swietenia has been used extensively in folkloric medicine. The present study aims to determine the acute toxicity of Chloroxylon swietenia bark methanol (CSBMEt) and aqueous extracts (CSBAEt) (100, 150, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight) and dose fixation of CSBMEt and CSBAEt in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male albino wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg b.w). The diabetic rats were administered with Chloroxylon swietenia bark extracts (CSBMEt and CSBAEt) (75,125 and 250mg/kg b.w) orally by intragastric intubation for 15 days. Acute toxicity studies revealed the non-toxic nature of the CSBMEt and CSBAEt. No lethality or toxic reactions found at any doses until the end of study, whereas 75 and 125 mg/kg b.w. doses of CSBMEt and CSBAEt produce no significant changes in the diabetic rats and 250mg/kg b.w. of CSBMEt and CSBAEt have significant change in the blood glucose. The results conclude that, there was no toxicity observed up to 1000mg/kg b.w. of both the extracts and 250mg/kg b.w. of CSBMEt and CSBAEt can be used as effective dose to treat diabetes.

16

Biological evaluation of mitoxantrone dihydrochloride synthesized by a new method. II. Comparison of Now 85/34 and novantrone (Lederle) acute toxicity and antitumor activity

63%

Matuszyk J. , Kusnierczyk H. , Radzikowski C.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

|

1989

|

tom 37

|

nr 1-2

17

Antimetastatic potentials of 8-aryl-2,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo [2,1-C] [1,2,4]triazine-3,4-diones

63%

Sztanke K. , Pasternak K. , Sztanke M. , Kandefer-Szerszen M.

Journal of Elementology

|

2009

|

tom 14

|

nr 3 Suppl.

81-82

18

Badania porownawcze toksycznosci roztworow fenylofenolanu sodowego. Cz.I. Toksycznosc ostra dozoladkowa

63%

Mlynarczyk W. , Adamska T. , Sadowski C. , Wachowiak A. , Ewertowska M. , Senczuk W.

Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna

|

1997

|

tom 30

|

nr 2

207-211

PL

Dokonano oceny porównawczej toksyczności ostrej 1,5 i 2,0% wodnych roztworów fenylofenolanu sodowego stosowanych do impregnacji drewna.

EN

The potencies of the toxic activity of 1.5% and 2% aqueous sodium phenylphenolate solutions prepared from the commercial product containing 59.4% of that compound were compared. The acute oral toxicity was tested by Gaddum's Probit Analysis using male Wistar rats. Significant differences between median lethal volumes determined for the test solutions were observed. The potency of the toxic activity of the 2% aqueous solution was found to be 1.9 times higher than that of the 1.5% sodium phenylphenolate solution. However, the regression coefficients of the log-probit lines did not differ significantly, which indicates that the difference between the toxic activities of the two test solutions were not significant. Median lethal doses for both test solutions allow to classify them as weak toxicants.

19

Respiratory surveillance and Ca2+-ATPase enzyme activity studies of Clarias gariepinus exposed to acute toxicity of cyanide

63%

Oseni K.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

|

2016

|

tom 50

EN

Potassium cyanide, a highly contaminating and toxic aquatic ecosystems pollutant was investigated for acute toxicity on the freshwater fish Clarias gariepinus. Its effect on the Ca2+ - ATPase activities in the liver, gills, muscle and intestinal tissues and oxygen consumption index was studied. Short-term toxicity test was carried out by static renewal bioassay test over a 96 h period using a lethal concentration (LC50) value of 0.361mg/mL. Potassium cyanide was highly toxic to the animal tested. Results reveal that normal respiratory activity (O2 consumption) of the fish was significantly affected and there was significant decreased in the Ca2+ - ATPase activities at the end of exposure periods (24, 48, 72 and 96 h). Correlation analysis reveals a strong relationship between oxygen consumption index and ATPase enzyme activity of Clarias gariepinus exposed to the toxicant. This study reflects the toxic effect of potassium cyanide to the freshwater fish, Clarias gariepinus and suggestion on the possible application of Ca2+ -ATPase activities and oxygen consumption index as possible biomarkers for early detection of cyanide poisoning in aquatic bodies.

20

Acute toxicity of experimental fertilizers made of blood meal, spent coffee ground and biomass ash

63%

Ciesielczuk T. , Rosik-Dulewska C. , Poluszyńska J. , Sławińska I.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2017

|

tom no. 34

95--102

EN

The study presents the results of research on the acute toxicity of a fertilizer formulas made of spent coffee ground (SCG) with addition of ash from low-temperature combustion of biomass or ash with an admixture of magnesium sulphate and blood meal. The experimental fertilizer formulas included also rape oil used as a plasticizer for controlling the nutrients release from the fertiliser. Mustard (Sinapis alba L.), oats (Avena sativa sp. L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and cress (Lepidium sativum L.) were used as test plants species in the experiment. The toxicity tests were performed using a standard procedure of 72 h with the use of Phytotoxkit microbiotest and fertilizer application of 2.5; 5 and 10% (v/v). The obtained results indicated an increase of acute toxicity for all tested plant species, proportionally to the applied doses of the fertilizer. During the 72 h period, the strongest inhibition of seedling growth was recorded in samples consisting of 10% of the tested fertilizers, particularly when they showed considerable level of salinity or low pH values. From the tested plant species, cress (Lepidium sativum L.) turned out to be the most sensitive to the applied fertilizers, the least was cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) for which only a small inhibition of root system growth was observed. The inhibited growth of roots could be attributed to a reduced oxygen access and excessive salinity of the substratum caused by the applied additives.

PL

Przepisy prawa wymuszają stopniowe ograniczanie deponowania odpadów ulegających biodegradacji na składowiskach. Po wydzieleniu frakcji biodegradowalnej ze zmieszanych odpadów komunalnych lub dzięki selektywnej zbiórce tej frakcji można ją zastosować w nawożeniu organicznym. W szczególności materia organiczna zawarta w odpadach przemysłu spożywczego lub powstająca w gospodarstwach domowych, pod warunkiem braku zanieczyszczeń innymi rodzajami odpadów może być wykorzystywana jako nawóz organiczny. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad toksycznością ostrą mieszaniny wykonanej z odpadów poekstrakcyjnych kawy (SCG) modyfikowanych popiołem powstającym z niskotemperaturowego spalania biomasy lub popiołem z dodatkiem siarczanu magnezu i mączki z krwi. Dodatkiem uplastyczniającym oraz spowalniającym uwalnianie biogenów z nawozu do roztworu glebowego był olej rzepakowy. Jako rośliny testowe wykorzystano: gorczycę (Sinapis alba L.), owies zwyczajny (Avena sativa sp. L.), ogórek (Cucumis sativus L.) oraz rzeżuchę ogrodową (Lepidium sativum L.). Testy toksyczności przeprowadzono z użyciem standardowej procedury 72 h z zastosowaniem płytek Phytotoxkit microbiotest z udziałem nawozu 2,5; 5 i 10% (obj.). Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na zwiększenie toksyczności ostrej w odniesieniu do wszystkich testowanych gatunków. Proporcjonalnie do zastosowanych dawek nawożenia najsilniejszą inhibicję wzrostu siewek w okresie 72 h zanotowano w próbkach z 10-procentowym udziałem badanych nawozów, w szczególności gdy wykazywały one znaczne zasolenie lub niskie pH. Najbardziej wrażliwym gatunkiem na zastosowane dawki nawozów była rzeżucha, a najmniej – ogórek, w przypadku którego inhibicja wzrostu korzeni była niewielka. Prawdopodobną przyczyną spowolnienia wzrostu korzeni było ograniczenie dopływu tlenu oraz nadmierne zasolenie podłoża spowodowane zastosowanymi dodatkami.