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EN
The emergence of civil justice after the evacuation of Russians from the Polish Kingdom in 1915. This is one of the most important moments in the history of Polish judiciary. After more than a century of power invaders there is a chance to regain control over the administration and the judiciary. Polish lawyers had hoped that the occupiers leave the judiciary in their hands. Warsaw and Lublin - the fastest two centers operating in the Kingdom have become a role model for other courts. Regulations approved by the Committee of Citizens in Warsaw described the organization of the local judicial institutions. Its provisions became a model for the courts of Lublin, modifications resulted only from local relations. In addition to the changes in the organization and structure of the judiciary was introduced innovations in the rules of substantive law, both civil and criminal. They eased and modernize the existing legislation of the Russian case studies. The need for the establishment of the civil courts, as well as their functioning efficiently also testified by the number of pending cases. Polish lawyers hope to permanently take over the judiciary in the Kingdom were quickly snuffed out by the occupation authorities. Both in Warsaw and Lublin Polish citizens' initiative was considered as illegal and brought to its liquidation. However, experience has resulted in a few weeks on September 1 IX 1917 at the time of the recovery from the hands of the occupiers of justice.
EN
The extension of the second line of the Warsaw Metro (M2), running from east to west, is currently under construction. The opening of sections in the eastern and western parts of the line has been carried out in 4 stages, successively handing over sections of 2−3 stations each. The section currently under construction is the last section of the 2nd line in the south western part, which also includes the construction of the Karolin technical and holding station (STP Karolin). The Varsovia trains delivered by Škoda, whose styling is similar to the Inspiro trains from Siemens, which have been in service on the Warsaw metro for several years, have been acquired for the rolling stock of the line. The construction of the metro was disrupted by the SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus pandemic (2020−2022) as, alongside a delay in the completion date or the delivery of rolling stock, it caused an increase in the price of materials and labor costs, forcing the parties (City Hall of Warsaw, contractors) to revalue the contract.
EN
The author presents the stories of Central European intellectuals under a communist regime. He interprets one of the greatest novels written by Tadeusz Konwicki, Mała apokalipsa. He concentrates on the portrayal of both grotesque and anti¬ Communist gestures, a topos of the Communist Warsaw and its strange characters.
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Content available Paul Valéry in Warsaw
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EN
Paul Valéry (1871-1945) was considered in the 1930s one of the greatest French poet and essayist. He was the author of the famous poems: La Jeune Parque (The Young Fate) and Le Cimetiere marin (The Graveyard by the Sea). Many times in different situations he spoke very highly of Poland and Poles. Wednesday, October 28th 1936, Valéry arrived in Warsaw. He delivered two lectures during his brief stay. They met with great interest, they were in the papers, they have been mentioned by Polish writers: Wacław Grubiński, Zofia Nałkowska, Tadeusz Breza. Also, Czesław Miłosz and Ludwik Hieronim Morstin have written about meetings with Paul Valéry. Poet`s visit, although very short, was a significant event in Polish cultural life.
EN
This article presents the GIS analysis of time availability of the Voivodship Emergency Ambulance and Sanitary Transport Station operates an Independent Public Health Care Facility “Meditrans” in Warsaw. The research focuses on determining the level of service for residents in each district with the emergency service station. In addition, an attempt was made to improve accessibility on the example of three selected districts. The authors attempt to select methodology of planning the location of the emergency service station in order to optimize the level of service for residents.
EN
In my article I compare two versions of Jewish religiosity. The literary works, which feature believers of Judaism from Eastern Europa and Haskala supporters were written in Polish (Melcer), Yiddish (Schneersohn) and German (Döblin).
EN
In 1726, as a result of extensions made to the royal residence on the Krakowskie Przedmieście, the Warsaw-based Order of St. John of God (Italian: Fatebenefratelli) were forced to sell part of their real estate and thus relocate their monastery to another site. The order signed a contract with architects Antoni Solari and Józef Fontana for the construction of a new church, monastery and hospital on lands acquired in the modern-day district of Muranów. The ensuing design was never carried out in full. Jakub Fontana’s design is recorded in a drawing discovered by the author of this article originating from 1760 which has served as a key source in rereading the building history and design phases of the monastery complex
PL
Zwiedzanie warszawy nie musi ograniczać sie do spaceru utartymi, wyznaczonymi przez przewodniki szlakami. Obok tak oczywistych atrakcji turystycznych jak Stare Miasto czy Łazienki, warto zobaczyć całkiem nowe oblicze stolicy - np. nowoczesny i różnobarwny Plac Europejski.
EN
The creative sector has become an important source used to create competitive advantages of the cities. The importance of creative industries in urban development was spotted more than a decade ago. Creative capital is perceived as an impulse and engine of urban changes, a source of new advantages and attractions. Some point out that it mainly develops in big cities, where the authorities deliberately implement measures aimed at supporting and attracting creative entities. The purpose of this study is to present the condition of the creative sector in Warsaw and the way its functioning is perceived by its representatives. It also discusses the support of city authorities for the development of the creative sector.
EN
Introduction. The aim of this work was to explore sports activities among various socio-professional groups based on the example of the inhabitants of Warsaw. Material and methods. The sample comprised of 6547 inhabitants of Warsaw - representatives of 16 professional groups. The study was conducted with the use of an especially designed questionnaire, featuring two sections - the first one devoted to organised sport, and the second and on the participation in sport leisure (regular, periodical, sporadic) within the previous year. In keeping with the European definition, sport is understood as both competitive sport, and regular sport leisure or recreation. The survey was carried out by trained interviewers exclusively in March and November 2006-2008. Results. Participation in sport activities among Poles increased not only compared to other European countries, but also to previous Polish studies, as it pertained to 43% of Warsaw inhabitants. The proportion of Warsaw residents involved in organised sport amounted to 6%, and those involved in regular recreation to 41%. Pupils and students are the most active both in sport and in leisure. Nearly 19% of pupils and nearly 8% of students are involved in organised sport activities, while for sport leisure this proportion amounts to 55% and 50% respectively. In the case of both competitive sport activities and leisure the number of men exceeds the number of women involved in them. Conclusions. Sport activities that Poles involve in are still not close to the recommended WHO and ATMS norms.
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Content available remote Tourist Activity of Local Government Employees on the Example of Warsaw Studies
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EN
Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the form, nature and level of participation of Warsaw local government employees in tourism. Identification of the relevant characteristics of this group can lead to the knowledge of its behaviour, and ultimately to conduct effective health intervention-promotional activities. Material and methods. The questionaire study covered 321 local government employees (121 male, 200 female). The study was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 17 (SPSS). Assessment of the relationship of demographic variables with the type of trip and the level of tourism activity were made using chi-square statistics and adjusted residuals. The level of participation in tourism was determined using principal components analysis. Results. Short-term trips reported 87% of local administration employees, long-term - 77% and international - 26%. Average number of short trips was 7.0±7.2, long - 2.1±1.44 and international - 1.4±0.8. Very low levels of tourism activity characterized 32%, low - 15%, moderate - 21%, high - 17% and very high - 14% of the respondents. Education is the main factor that determines the participation and level of tourism activity of respondents. Conclusions. Often the trips declared are not compatible with the level of tourist activity - analysis based on the number of trips a year (short, long and international). It follows that for half of the respondents participation in tourism is sporadic.
PL
Obszary zieleni mogą pełnić w miastach wiele ważnych funkcji. Niestety, są one często ograniczane wskutek złego planowania i zarządzania zasobami tych terenów, czego efektem może być na przykład przerwanie ich ciągłości, a przez to ograniczanie bioróżnorodności.
EN
Alceo Valcini was the Warsaw-based correspondent for the Italian daily “Corriere della Sera” during the years 1933-1946. Valcini encountered great difficulties with the editor-in-chief of the newspaper, Aldo Borelli, who was not interested in following the political life of Poland except for Poland’s clashes with the Soviet Union. Valcini managed to publish his articles as long as they stressed the influence of Mussolini’s fascism on Polish political life or if they dealt with Soviet political interference in Central Europe. Valcini was to be replaced by another journalist as correspondent from Warsaw because of his own pro-Polish views and scarce enthusiasm for the aggressive stances of Nazi Germany towards Czechoslovakia and Poland, but he nevertheless managed to witness Hitler’s aggression against Poland. His stories were the first accounts of German persecution of the Polish Jews and Warsaw’s civil population, although they had no chance of publication on the pages of the increasingly pro-Nazi “Corriere della Sera”. Valcini took notice of everything that happened in Poland between the outbreak of the war and the end of July 1944. In 1945, Valcini collected his memoirs in a publication entitled The Calvary of Warsaw, in which he gave a graphic account of life in the city under German occupation. Valcini witnessed to the uprising in the Jewish Ghetto and to the activities of the Polish Secret State. His book was translated into Polish in 1970, after having undergone heavy editing, possibly as a result of intervention by the Communist censors. In any event, Valcini turned out to be one of the very few Italian journalists who – in writing about World War II and the Nazi occupation of Poland – did not fall prey to Goebbel’s Propagandaministerium, unlike the much more celebrated reporter Indro Montanelli.
EN
The objective of the paper is to determine the characteristics and components of the Warsaw image residing in the consciousness of three investigated groups: metropolitans, entrepreneurs and tourists. A public opinion poll indicated that the prevailing features of respondents' associations with Warsaw were related to the city particularity as the capital of Poland. Metropolitans and entrepreneurs' conscious imagination of Warsaw were observed to be very suggestive, while tourists' were observed to be weak. The respondents regarded the city of Warsaw as the most attractive in Poland to run a business in and to visit, and as possessing many historical and cultural assets. The research showed that the majority of the investigated metropolitans, entrepreneurs and tourists judged the living conditions in the capital as good or very good.
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Content available Aging in a Big Town
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EN
The subject of this article is a big city social Policy towards old people with an example of Warsaw. The author was inspired to write this text with her partici- pation in a workgroup “Exclusion of elderly persons,” which prepared a diagnosis and formulated initial suggestions to the Social Strategy for Warsaw 2009–2020. It seems, that regardless the differences between big towns, basic goals and assumptions for the policy towards senior citizens are similar in the majority of metropolitan communities. Due to the fact that any proposal concerning social policy should be preceded by a diag- nosis, the article begins with the description of demographic situation of big Polish towns (above half million population) and with a diagnosis of the situation of senior citi- zens in Warsaw. Demographic and socio-economic data were obtained from the Central Statistical Office publications.
PL
W ramach "Modernizacji otoczenia fontanny "Pod Skrzydłami" przy ul. Góreckiej 109 w Warszawie" zostały wykonane dwie koncepcje projektowe. Jedna z nich uwzględnia wygląd istniejącej fontanny, natomiast druga zakłada stworzenie całkowicie nowej wersji.
PL
Stojacy na wysokiej, wiślanej skarpie Zamek Królewski to ikona Warszawy. Jego sylwetka na tle Starego Miasta najpiękniej wyglada od strony wody, również dlatego, że rezydencja zyskała właśnie ostateczną zieloną oprawę.
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EN
In the paper changes of temperature differences between city centre of Warsawand south- -western peripheries during last 63 years (1933-1995) have been considered. Mean value ~t was 0.37 deg and increased about 0.01 deg per 5 years. The lowest ~t (0.22 deg) was in 1945-1955. It was caused by destruction of the city during the war (1944). The highest ~t (0.67deg) was in 1963-1965. This was caused by prevailing of atmospheric circulation from south-western sector.
PL
W pracy omówiono zmiany różnic temperatury pomiędzy centrum Warszawy i południowo- -zachodnim krańcem miasta w okresie ostatnich 63 lat (1933-1995). Średnia wartość ~t wynosi 0,37 deg i wzrastała o około 0,01 degj5 lat. Najniższą wartość ~t (0,22 deg) notowano w latach 1945-1955, co było spowodowane zniszczeniami miasta w okresie wojny (1944). Najwyższa wartość ~t (0,67 de g) przypadająca na lata 1963-1965 jest efektem przewagi cyrkulacji atmosferycznej z sektora południowo-zachodniego.
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Content available remote Stołeczne einwestycje
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PL
Odcinek bielański l linii metra warszawskiego jako jeden z niewielu został oddany do użytku jednocześnie z kilku stacjami pasażerskimi oraz uruchomionym monitoringiem prądów błądzących. Dodatkowo podczas budowy podziemnej konstrukcji metra konieczne byto przebudowanie końcowej pętli tramwajowej. Wzajemny układ torowisk tramwajowych i metra oraz zmiany w kursowaniu tramwajów i ich wpływ na potencjał istniejącej i budowanej konstrukcji są przedmiotem tego artykułu.
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