Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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MIĘDZYNARODOWY DZIEŃ OCHRONY ZABYTKÓW

100%

Krzyżanowska J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2006

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nr 2

108-114

EN

Central ceremonies marking the International Monuments Protection Day were held on 20-21 April 2006 in Wroclaw, with Lech Kaczynski, President of the Republic of Poland, as the honorary patron. The leitmotif was the presentation of those monuments which possess particular significance for the European and even global heritage, as well as distinguishing those persons who during the last year made a particular contribution to the protection of monuments. The main ceremonies, attended by representatives of the Church and state authorities, took place in the Wroclaw Town Hall. The eminent guests included, i. a. Kazimierz Michal Ujazdowski, Minister of Culture and National Heritage, Helmut Schöps, the German Consul General, Cardinal Henryk Gulbinowicz, and members of the scientific staff associated with the protection of historical objects. The event, coordinated by the National Centre for Monuments Study and Documentation, involved the presentation of awards to the winners of numerous prestigious competitions, held by the General Conservator of Monuments and the Association of Conservators of Monuments.

2

Technologia wczesnośredniowiecznego warsztatu garncarskiego na podstawie analiz fizykochemicznych naczyń z grodu na Ostrowie Tumskim we Wrocławiu

100%

Rzeźnik P. , Stoksik H.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2005

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tom 46

115-136

EN

The purpose of research was comparison of archaeological circumstances about origin of the earthenware with the data on pottery material and technology of production obtained from the different physico-chemical analyses. The specimen chosen to the analyses were dated to the second half of the 10th and the first half of the 11th c. and represented two different 'workshops' distinguished by means of archaeological analysis. The specialist tests were able to confirm some workshop distinctions especially in recipes of pottery material. Technological differences between the vessels from examined two workshops are barely visible also from the view of analyzed properties such as firing temperature or consolidation of postherd. Nevertheless the results point at better quality of the vessels with identical pottery mark.

3

WROCLAW PIANO MANUFACTURERS AT THE END OF THE 18TH AND DURING THE 19TH CENTURY - A FOOTNOTE TO THE HISTORY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS MANUFACTURE IN SILESIA

100%

Rottermund K.

Muzyka

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2004

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tom 49

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nr 1(192)

103-113

EN

Polish historiography of Silesia devotes relatively little space to the German contribution to the development of this region. This concerns also the manufacture of musical instruments, including pianofortes and pianos. The main centre of such manufacture was Wroclaw, although from mid-nineteenth century it was overtaken by Legnica. Polish musicians, as well as German ones, gave concerts using instruments (particularly grand pianofortes) built by Wroclaw firms. Instruments from Wroclaw and Silesia also found their way to buyers not only from the native German areas, but also from Polish lands, such as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Poznan. Information for this article was obtained mainly from printed sources of that period. For example, the Poznan press from the first half of the nineteenth century contained information about a number of Wroclaw piano makers who used Polish-language periodicals to reach Polish customers with their advertising. Paul de Wit's address books provided data about companies from the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. Two Silesian music lexicons from the first half of the nineteenth century, containing short biographies of makers of musical instruments, proved to be a very valuable source of information. The article introduces biographies of only a few most significant piano manufacturers in Wroclaw. As research continues, particular biographical entries are bound to be extended by additional facts still to be discovered. Among the Wroclaw firms referred to, pianofortes and pianos from eight manufacturers are more familiar to us, because examples of them have been preserved in Poland. Their record cards are to be found in Krajowy Osrodek Badan i Dokumentacji Zabytkow (National Centre for Research and Documentation of Heritage) in Warsaw. These are instruments manufactured by the following companies: Berndt, Bessalié, Kuhlboers, Leicht, Raymond, Vieweg, Welck, Welzel.

4

PLAC NOWY TARG WE WROCŁAWIU – REAKTYWACJA?

100%

Eysymontt R. , Krzywka Ł.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2006

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nr 2

41-56

EN

The protection of urban landscape consists of, on the one hand, the preservation of elements containing historical values and, on the other hand, of making it possible to introduce indispensable changes into the city landscape. A suitable and well-balanced development entails steady progress and improvement of the essential features of a town, which assumed shape in the course of centuries. In certain transformation periods, however, ostensibly positive changes of the character of historical city centres basically disturbed their harmonious growth and today compel us to seek a way of returning to the previous stage. These quests were served by a study containing conservation directives for the eastern part of the Old Town - the region of the New Market - commissioned by the Office for the Development of Wroclaw. The New Market area, one of the three most important squares in the mediaeval location plan, was established at the end of the thirteenth century (first records come from 1266). During the Middle Ages and in modern times the square fulfilled trade functions - it was the site of stalls belonging to herring merchants and traders dealing in wooden articles. The commercial functions of the square were also connected with the names of its rows of houses, such as the 'Pomeranian Side', as well as the fountain of Neptune, placed in its centre in 1724. The characteristic feature of the New Market was the great individuality of its buildings, emphasized by the names granted to them and associated with various emblems (two of which – the figures of St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist - have survived in museum collections). A considerable transformation of the architecture in the New Market region took place in the seventeenth century and the early eighteenth century. The fire of 1628 became the reason why the square, known from later iconography, became full of predominantly Baroque gable town houses. At the end of the nineteenth century the rows of houses displayed typical tenement housing and department stores, albeit preserving the original division into lots. The most conspicuous pre-1945 change was the erection in 1914-1918 of a Neo-Baroque building - the offices of the Presidium of the Province of Silesia - in the place of several narrow town houses in the southern row. Wartime damage incurred in the spring of 1945 was sufficiently grave for not rebuilding the whole Square until 1961 when the western, northern and eastern rows of houses were designed as long, multistairwell buildings, with the eastern and western rows outfitted with trade facilities on the ground floors. The authors of the article regard this development as extensive and not adapted both to historical (the absence of divisions into lots and differentiated forms of the buildings) and contemporary conditions (insufficient intensity, the lack of a suitable tradeservices area, monotonous form). The surface of the square, whose one-third is a parking lot, also requires a thorough change.

5

SUCCESION OF AREA FORMS USED IN THE CHANGING SPACE OF WROCLAW (Sukcesja form uzytkowania terenu w zmieniajacej sie przestrzeni Wroclawia)

100%

Miszewska B.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2010

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tom 65

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nr 3

279-284

EN

A spatial development of Wroclaw - after dismantling of the fortification at the beginning of the 19th century - marked an expansionism of the city that started using the area joined then. This expansionism brought changes in macro and micro scale. Macro changes caused succession of using the land e. g. increasing of built-up area and organizing of green belts instead of previous farms. Profiles of use of lands that are representative results of traverses routed randomly on maps from four researched periods show this process (image 1). Micro changes meant planning the streets, forming urban blocks and filling them by buildings. These processes created a rich combination of morphological sets (image 2) and contributed to modernization of the city area of Wroclaw.

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Niefortunne rozwiązania toponomastyczne na przykładzie nazw ulic i placów Wrocławia

80%

Kołodziejczyk K.

Onomastica

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2013

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tom 57

185–204

EN

Names of the streets and squares of Wrocław have undergone repeated changes, of which those of greatest significance were the change of German names to Polish directly after World War II. This process was not without error, and as a result, many incorrect or unfortunate names were produced, a significant number of which are in force to this day. In this article, commemorative and directional names are studied, pointing out several kinds of errors. Some German names were changed to Polish by direct translation or phonetic transformation without attention to the genesis of the original designation. There were errors of fact, grammar, and inflection, and a number of names were given that were similar in sound or meaning. Many traditional names were abandoned, sometimes even those of medieval origin, and they were replaced with designations relating to historical events and persons, often with an ideological coloring.

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THE MUSEUM EXHIBITS OF LOWER SILESIA RESTORE THE IDENTITY OF THE REGION (Dolnoslaskie muzealia przywracaja tozsamosc regionu)

80%

Chodorowska A.

Muzealnictwo

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2006

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nr 47

207-211

EN

The leitmotif of this publication are the words of Aristotle: 'The assessment of a house belongs not only to the one who built it but it will be judged even better by the one who uses it (...) similarly the helm will be better assessed by the helmsman than the shipbuilder. and the feast by the guest than the cook'. This view has been cited in order to recollect that for centuries the region of Lower Silesia has been passing from hands to hands, constantly changing its affiliation. Consequently, it became the site of valuable spiritual and material culture, but also has suffered enormous and irreparable losses. Until recently, the reaction to these multicultural and multiethnic features differed; today, it has assumed quite another form. At present, the purpose of numerous initiatives in Lower Silesia is care for local cultural heritage. Attempts are being made, some of them highly successful, to regain monuments of material culture of value for the region; years later, they are returning to their proper sites as missing elements of the Lower Silesian heritage. They include : - the Breviary, a liturgical book containing the texts of the canonical hours from the first half of the fifteenth century, purchased by Andreas Wirzbach. At the beginning of 2005, and with the assistance of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Breviary returned from the United Kingdom to Wroclaw; - the Vit Saraval collection composed on 34 priceless Hebrew manuscripts and part of the incunabula, i. e. prints originating from prior to 1501 and restored to Wroclaw on 9 December 2004; - the 'Treasure of Wroclaw', presented to the Municipal Museum in Wroclaw on 18 May 2006 . Its acquisition would have been impossible without the magnanimity and contribution of the population of the region. The spontaneity and generosity of the sponsors express a supreme form of patronage. These valuable museum exhibits - relics of culture of the past - now take part in the construction of the identity of the region and its historical continuum.

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THE JEWISH POPULATION AS A FACTOR IN THE HISTORY OF THE MODERNIZATION PROCESS IN WROCLAW UP TILL THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY (Zydzi jako czynnik procesów modernizacyjnych w dziejach Wroclawia do poczatku XIX wieku)

80%

Ziatkowski L.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2010

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tom 65

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nr 3

285-295

EN

Thomas Nipperdey formulated a set of modernization features that became generally accepted in modern research of the history of Jewish communities, as distinctive attributes of the passing from 'ghetto' community to the post-emancipation society. A process of demographic revolution, elimination of illiteracy and secularization and replacing the old religious elite by 'new' intellectual elite unfolded in Wroclaw considerably earlier than, generally, within the Christian community of Europe. In the earliest period (early Piast dynasty) the presence of Jews in Wroclaw brought new laws that formalized their special status as a separated part of population. Perhaps, it was an example or a model for future solutions during so called 'colonization on the German law' or during forming the feudal system in Silesia. The Jewish community within the feudal system was treated specifically. Their position required a detailed description and, in consequence, brought new legislation. Peddling by Jews caused malfunctioning of a regulated economic system in the Middle Ages and early modern times. They were accused of unfair competition. It led to persecution and expulsion. Finally they became useful in forming modern state structures as court factors who attracted the capital and distributed lots of commodities produced in workshops. Another important factor was that the former model of building community feeling on religion became extinct, and that led to secularization of the social life. These two factors - elimination of remains of a feudal economy and secularization - constituted the main leitmotiv of European changes in 19th century. As for the beginning of 20th century, the activity of Jews in Wroclaw still requires further research on three levels proposed by Slezkine - communism (the Left), freudianism and zionism.

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LATE BRONZE AGE AND EARLY IRON AGE CEMETERY FROM WROClAW ZERNIKI (Cmentarzysko cialopalne z póznej epoki brazu i wczesnej epoki zelaza we Wroclawiu Zernikach)

80%

Baron J. , Skolasinski l. , Zur T.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2010

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tom 62

381-411

EN

The paper aims at presentation of results of salvage excavations carried out at a cremation urnfield at Wroclaw zerniki (site no. 4). Apart from introduction, geomorphological properties of the area, state of preservation and grave forms, the text includes results of studies on discovered artefacts. They were mostly made of ceramics, however some items made of bronze, iron and lithic were analysed as well. On the basis of morphologic and stylistic properties of reconstructed vessels, it was concluded that the urnfield, despite its small size, had been used for several centuries i.e. from the Hallstatt A2 to C periods. However, obtained data do not allow to establish if the site was used continuously. The text contains closing remarks on the site against the background of other known sites of similar chronology.

10

The Research Of Wroclawian Academics On Anti-Semitism And Holocaust In “The Studies On Fascism And Hitlerite Crimes”

80%

Scheffler T. , Machaj Ł.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2010

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nr 2(14)

569-580

EN

The creation of the scholarly journal Studies on Fascism and Hitlerite Crimes was a result of a need to coordinate research led by scientists from the University of Wroclaw and employees of District Commission for the Examination of Hitlerite Crimes in Wroclaw which concerned the doctrine of National Socialism and its practical implications in the Third Reich. Such cooperation was primarily based on the contract signed on 22.03.1976 by the University of Wroclaw and the above- -mentioned Commission which established a framework for the joint effort to research fascism and Hitlerite crimes.

11

Pomiędzy pamięcią a historią. Polskie miasta wobec wielokulturowego dziedzictwa

60%

Kubicki P.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2012

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tom 20

53-66

EN

Tis article discusses the question of the reconstruction of social memory in Polish cities. To illustrate this process the author decided to employ a comparative approach and analyzed this process in two Polish cities: Krakow and Wroclaw. Te case selection was directed by their comparable population size and their importance as cultural and scientifc centres. As far as diferences between the three are concerned, their demographic reproduction patterns are substantially distinct. Krakow has preserved and reproduced its traditional bourgeois character, whereas Wroclaw serves as a typical example of a post-migrant city with an entirely reconstructed identity because of the post-World War II population shifs. Despite their multiethnic composition and heritage, in the formative period for contemporary collective identities in the 19th century these cities built their identities solely with relation to symbolically homogenous contexts (Polish in Krakow and German in Wroclaw). Tese nationally homogeneous discourses were even strengthened during the postwar period and continued long afer WWII. Te breakthrough came with the collapse of communism. Te inhabitants of the cities regained a possibility of social agency and by this token a chance for building new identities. However, these processes did not start from scratch. Tey were determined by existing social and cultural structures which imprinted their particular patterns on their new developments.

12

REINHARD OF REIMS: PRAGUE MERCHANT AND EXILE IN THE SHADOW OF THE HUSSITE REVOLUTION

60%

Vodička O.

Mesto a dejiny

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2022

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tom 11

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nr 1

39–58

EN

This study follows the life of the merchant Reinhard of Reims, who moved to Prague in the 1390s and amassed significant property and a fair amount of political power due to his business activities. When the Hussite Revolution began, however, he had to leave Prague, and all his assets remaining in Bohemia were confiscated due to his political and religious beliefs. Like many other Prague merchants, he found a new home in Wroclaw, Silesia, a major hub for international trade. Reinhard continued to conduct his trade from exile in Wroclaw, taking part in the retrieval of valuables from abandoned Czech monasteries and other activities of exiles from Bohemia. After a peace was reached and Emperor Sigismund took the Czech throne, Reinhard achieved the restitution of some of his confiscated property.

13

Vratislavský vévoda Jindřich IV. Probus a poslední Přemyslovci

51%

Bar P.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2008

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tom 106

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nr 4

753-787

EN

This study analyses narrative and diplomatic sources which provide an account of the changeable relationships of the Wroclaw Duke Henryk IV Probus towards the Przemyslid Dynasty. Written resources do not, however, always allow for an unambiguous interpretation and many questions still remain unanswered. Yet, based on research carried out thus far, it is possible to state that the Duke's relationship towards the last Przemyslids oscillated between vassalage, alliance and rivalry. This changeability was the result, firstly, of the Duke coming into contact with different personalities of the Przemyslid Dynasty, and also followed from the wider historical context which in the final third of the 13th century was marked by a strengthening of the Hapsburgs' influence upon events in Central Europe.

14

Praha – Vratislav, vzájemné vztahy v období raného novověku

41%

Fejtova O.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2008

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tom 106

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nr 1

54-79

EN

This contribution presents a comparison of the results of research up to present time of Silesian-Czech relations, or the levels of communication between both land metropolises, Prague and Wroclaw, in the Early Modern Age, based on the opportunities for study of archival material in the Wroclaw State Archives and the Municipal Archives of Prague. It throws light upon the structure of preserved archival material which can be used for the given purpose; methods of their evaluation, and the perspectives for future research. In its conclusion there is a foray into several groups of resources from the fields of trade, crafts, religion, and the migration of inhabitants, which confirms the limited contacts between the two cities in the Early Modern Age, also mentioned in literature and Shifts in these contacts only occurred in connection with changes of political development.