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BOTANICAL IDENTIFICATION OF WOOD CHARCOAL REMAINS AND RADIOCARBON DATING - NEW EXAMPLES OF THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TAXONOMICAL IDENTIFICATIONS PRIOR TO 14C DATING

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Moskal-del H. M. , Kozlowski J. K.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

2009

tom 61

253-271

This paper illustrates how radiocarbon dating of charcoals could benefit from anthracological analyses. These analyses demonstrate that some charcoal assemblages coming from archaeological sites may encounter the problem of chronologically mixed materials. As a consequence, the charcoal fragments from these contaminated contexts give 14C age measurements that differ from a relative chronology observed at the archaeological site. However, in many occasions the sources of contamination cannot be easily observed during the archaeological fieldworks. For this reason, a taxonomical analysis of charcoal remains carried out before the materials are sent to radiocarbon dating facilities may help to detect some of the stratigraphic disturbances. Furthermore, other advantages of this method are discussed. First, the botanical analysis permits to choose a taxon that better corresponds to the climatic conditions of the site. Second, it is possible to select a plant fragment that represents a short life span.

WOOD CHARCOAL ANALYSIS FROM NEOLITHIC SITE 1 IN ALBIGOWA. RESULTS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS CONDUCTED IN 2002 (Analiza wegli drzewnych ze stanowiska neolitycznego Albigowa 1. Wyniki badan przeprowadzonych w 2002 roku)

100%

Moskal-del H. M.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

2010

tom 62

145-159

This paper presents the results of the analysis of wood charcoal remains recovered from three Neolithic pits of the Albigowa site 1, which belongs to the final phase of the Western Linear Pottery Culture. The absolute number of charcoal fragments and their relative frequency were chosen for the quantification of taxa. Also, a new method for quantifying, called the 'ubiquity correction', is presented. Among charcoal fragments of trees and shrubs, two species (Corylus avellana, Fraxinus excelsior), three genera (Acer, Quercus, Ulmus) and one subfamily (Maloideae) were identified. The archaeological context and characteristics of charcoal samples such as taxonomic diversity and presence of microorganisms indicate that this charcoal assemblage may represent domestic fuel wood. The list of dendroflora and the relative frequency of diverse taxa suggest that in the vicinity of the Neolithic settlement a riverine forest dominated.