Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

IMPROVING URBAN PUBLIC SPACE (Poprawianie miejskiej przestrzeni publicznej)

100%

Drozdowski R.

Przegląd Zachodni

|

2010

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nr 3(336)

3-17

EN

The opening thesis of the article is the assumption that discussion on urban public space rarely becomes a pretext to put forward postulates and demands that strengthen the 'system' and contribute to social disintegration. However, improvement of urban public space, mentioned in the title, includes a wide range of concealed and unintended negative consequences. The following can serve as examples: socially unconsulted gentrification programs, policy of administrative overregulation justified by the need to increase public security, standardization of urban space or instrumental treatment of public art.

2

KARNAWALIZACJA PRZESTRZENI MIEJSKIEJ

80%

Hajduk-Nijakowska J.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

|

2017

|

tom 24

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nr 2

22 - 31

EN

Carnival stands not only for the festive time set by the religious calendar, but also for all games and shows which are part of the urban pop culture. Theoretical reflection on carnivalisation, i.e. a specific model of participation in culture, was initiated by Mikhail Bakhtin. The process of progressive carnivalisation of the urban space is associated with the development of spectator folklorism on the one hand and desementisation of the folk rituals on the other, i.e. with the expansion of festive events, which create common festive activity. The author brings up examples of carnivalisation of the public space in Polish towns from the middle ages until the contemporary times when the said process was joined by local government institutions, cultural institutions and foundations, whose intention is to expose the emotional bonds with the promoted values among the participants of a common, open, street “immediate theatre”.

3

KOMUNIKÁCIA: MYSLENIE VO VEĽKOM

80%

Marcelli M.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2009

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tom 64

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nr 5

410-419

EN

The paper focuses the role of quantity in the studies of communication. The first step in the examination of the quantity of participants involved in the process of communication was the transition from the telegraphic model to the orchestra model. This step was done by the representatives of the New communication as well as in the course of the development of the semiotic studies. The second step leads us to the city model that can be found in Levi-Strausss' early works. The city model enables us to take into account not only the unconscious and unintentional activities of the participants, but also the effects of multiplicity. One of the most important achievements of this approach is the idea of a collective intelligence.

4

Jedno czy dwa miasta? Polityczne i kulturalne aspekty współpracy Cieszyna [RP] i Českého Těšína [RC] w latach 1990–2010

80%

Pindór M.

Świat i Słowo

|

2012

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tom 10

|

nr 2(19)

27-44

EN

The paper discusses stimulating cooperation between Polish and Czech Cieszyn including bilateral government treaties, conventions restricting and abolishing the bordertrade barriers, local and regional agreements. Moreover, the paper describes the most important transborder programmes concerned with this cooperation and international documents, which are strategic in nature, as well as the accepted forms of this cooperation between the two local governments. In particular, some types of transborder activities are discussed in terms of the most popular actions developed at the beginning of 1990s and continued up till now. More or less popular animating projects are listed as they are linked with the organisation and promotion of cultural events and actions occurring at both sides of the border. Furthermore, the paper describes associations and institutions that initiate these events and are involved in the cooperation. The idea is to define goals of cultural events undertaken together, including, among others, rebuilding the cultural and social bonds of the city divided by the demarcation line, uniting people with the help of one esthetical experience and opposing negative national stereotypes. Polish and Czech Cieszyn is becoming one city and in fact bi-city to achieve these goals during the period of these culture events. Considering the geo-political aspect, these are two independent urban cities, which belong to different national structures, various legal and economical systems, have two different societies in terms of nationality, language and mentality.

5

Wybrane aspekty rozwoju przestrzennego małego miasta w porównaniu do metropolii

80%

Szumilas A.

Świat i Słowo

|

2012

|

tom 10

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nr 2(19)

17-26

EN

At the turn of the century some towns evolved into metropolis, while others remain small towns, away from the hustle and bustle of the big clusters of people. Such development of cities was influenced by many economical and cultural factors. The urban space was also a subject of changes. Regardless of the size of the city, there were new roads, industrial, and housing developments. Of course the scale of those processes taking place in towns was modest relative to the metropolis, but still important. Those processes affected the standard of living and comfort of inhabitants. In the paper the author uses the term ‘small town’. This definition was adopted in accordance with the definition of the Central Statistical Office. ‘Metropolis’, as defined by Jałowiecki, is a city of at least half a million inhabitants. This type of city has excellent services, institutions and infrastructure. In addition, the city has potential for innovation in technical, economic, social, political and cultural life. It has also unique and special places. The goal of the article is to describe urban processes taking place in towns and metropolis. Despite the different nature of the small town and big city, urban processes that take place in both types are the same: the location of industry, development of residential areas, the phenomenon of city sprawl and development of the service sector. All the processes have impact on the urban space of small towns and big cities. Industrial development has contributed to the development of housing estates which, in turn, contribute to the development of services.

6

PRÓZY JÁNA ROZNERA A BRATISLAVA (SPISOVATEĽ – AUTOBIOGRAFIA – MESTO)

70%

Passia R.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2017

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tom 64

|

nr 2

104 – 117

EN

The research into spatial categories is enjoying a lot of attention in contemporary literary theory as well as in interdisciplinary research. In the introduction the author of the paper offers an overview of certain theoretical and practical approaches to the phenomenon of town in Central Europe. Then he deals with the autobiographical proses written by Ján Rozner (1922 – 2006), especially the books Noc po fronte (The Night after the Front, 2010) and Výlet na Devín (The Trip to the Devín Castle, 2011). The attention is mainly paid to the analysis of the relationships between: 1.) the literary representation of the urban space 2.) the autobiographical genre and 3.) the writer´s personality. He arrives at the conclusion that in case of J. Rozner´s prosaic work the three theoretical issues are inseparably connected. „Rozner´s“ Bratislava is not only the background in his proses, the space effectively contributes to the way the writer artistically captures the basic subject, which is the relationship between the Central European intellectual and the complicated cultural and political history of the region in the 20th century. J. Rozner uses retrospective narration in order to come to terms with his own problematic past and the literary representation of Bratislava serves as part of the process of intellectual „reanimation“ of the writer in contemporary Slovak culture.

7

SCULPTURE IN URBAN SPACE: SOME ASPECTS OF RELATIONSHIPS (Dazi telniecibas un pilsetvides attiecibu aspekti)

70%

Caupova R.

Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei

|

2004

|

tom 4

163-185

EN

Sculptural works of different kinds and sizes always have had their place and role in the context of wide-ranging functions and spatial structures of urban space. In comparison with buildings and other architectural objects monuments and various sculptural creations are more directly used to promote certain ideology or express the taste typical of the particular period. Political and socio-psychological factors influence their creation and assessment. Even popular sculptural works when placed in the open air are sometimes perceived as anonymous makings. They become legendary. Both organised and spontaneous ritual activities take place near monuments and different spatial objects. It is often hard to predict how sculptural works will look in the urban space and what semantic layers will be created around them. The increasing sculptural boom characteristic of many European cities around the turn of the 20th century and later was not so typical of Riga. The few monuments set up in Riga represented the ideology of the Russian Imperial power. No sculptural images expressing Latvian national self-consciousness could be created and exhibited at that time. Still one has to admit that Riga monuments and decorative sculptures from this period, mainly by German sculptors, show well-considered choices of scale and placement. One has to emphasise the German-born sculptor August Franz Leberecht Volz's (1851-1926) important role in securing the professional level of sculptural forms created in Riga urban space. This representative of the German school who settled in Riga and founded his own company has realised many commissions in both decorative sculpture and plastic decor. After an independent state was established, urban space development and especially erection of monuments became an officially supervised task. During the Soviet period monument construction was subjected to a strongly centralised administrative supervision. A little more liberal attitude towards sculptural works in public space emerged in the 1970s

8

OBRAZ BRATISLAVY V DRAMATICKEJ TVORBE VILIAMA KLIMÁČKA

70%

Nagyová N.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2021

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tom 68

|

nr 3

314 – 324

EN

The aim of the article is to outline the problem of the urban topos in dramatic writing. The analysis is conducted on two plays by Viliam Klimáček, namely his Ginsberg v Bratislave (Beat Generation 1965) [Ginsberg in Bratislava (Beat Generation 1965); 2008] and Socík, sladký socík (alkoholický sprievodca socialistickou Bratislavou) [Socialism, sweet socialism (An alcoholic guide to socialist Bratislava); 2016] both of which deal with the socialist era. The introductory part of the article concentrates on Klimáček’s personal relationship to Bratislava and on specific locations portrayed in the two plays. The section devoted to the basic theoretical foundations of the problem of space in literature and drama concentrates mainly on the structuring of the dramatic text. It addresses the specific character of such a text as well as its dual form of existence (as a written text and as a stage production) that substantially influence the problematic portrayal of the urban setting. The textual handling of the space is confronted with its stage realisation which differs from the written form of the play. The differences once again testify to the dual character of the dramatic text which is written as a literary piece, but is prototypically realised on the stage.

9

Claude Lévi-Strauss o urbánnom priestore

70%

Marcelli M.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2009

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tom 31

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nr 1

91-117

EN

The study focuses on the subject that Levi-Strauss never devoted himself to in a systematic way. The essence of his view on the urban space can be found in few pages of his travel book 'Tristes Tropiques' (English version is entitled 'World on the Wane'). In spite of this fact, the study tries to show that the opinions on the urban space delivered in this work are important for us to understand the basis of his method, as well as to get closer to the places where his thinking opens to the new perspectives of the anthropological studies. When analyzing these opinions, we find that on the one hand they confirm the primary trend of his method, which is the orientation towards unconscious models; on the other hand, however, we see the role of collective conscience in a new light. Similarly, we will have to correct the idea about the relation between structures and their demographic substance. In his work 'La Pensee sauvage' (The Savage Mind) Levi-Srauss presented this relationship as a conflict of two sides, from which the second one, the demographic substance always ends up predominating: it decomposes the structural organizations and leads the community to the historical time. Levi-Strauss' reflections about the city indicate that the demographical substance could have a different function in his thinking. Thanks to the concentration of a big amount of people, a city can in its organization of space display the unconscious trends of mind. The last part of the study aims to discover in Levi-Strauss' opinions on the South American cities the indication of what could be called the anthropology of present or even future times.

10

Szata ideologiczna biblioteki

60%

Kruszewski T.

Toruńskie Studia Bibliologiczne

|

2010

|

tom 3

|

nr 1(4)

9-22

EN

The inspiration for the article was the sociological survey by Aleksander Wallis and later Florian Zielinski on urban space and the information vesture of the city. However, the article focuses only on the ideological aspects of Polish libraries which are recognized only via the names of library patrons, monuments in and around the library buildings, their design, architecture esthetics etc. It has been shown that typical choices are connected with the local historical figures, well known people who were born in the local neighborhood or people who were important for Polish culture, mainly literature and science.

11

WSPÓLCZESNY FOLKLORYZM

60%

Hajduk-Nijakowska J.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

|

2018

|

tom 25

|

nr 1

72 – 96

EN

A carnival stands not only for the festive time set by the religious calendar, but also for all games and shows which are part of the urban pop culture. Theoretical reflection on carnivalisation, i. e. a specific model of participation in culture, was initiated by Mikhail Bakhtin. The process of progressive carnivalisation of the urban space is associated with the development of spectator folklorism on the one hand and desementisation of the folk rituals on the other, i. e. with the expansion of festive events, which create common festive activity. The author brings up examples of carnivalisation of the public space in Polish towns from the middle ages until the contemporary times when the said process was joined by local government institutions, cultural institutions and foundations, whose interaction is to expose the emotional bonds with the promoted values among participants of a common, open, street „immediate theatre“.

12

CULTURAL HERITAGE OF POLAND IN THE URBAN SPACE OF VIENNA

60%

Witkowski K. , Kowalik S. , Czerwińska B. , Kędzior A. , Obermajer A. , Pałucki J. , Sikorska W.

Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo

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2021

|

tom 9

|

nr 3

17 – 41

EN

The aim of the research was to define the cultural heritage of Poland as represented in the urban space of Vienna by Polonica. Structures commemorating Poles or events took part in, as well as places related to Poland and Polish people such as Nazi death camps, or geographical objects, were included. Polonica were grouped and analysed in terms of the time of creation, location in the city space, founders, inscriptions and building materials (if they came from Poland). On the basis of the results and discussion, it was found that, as a group of objects, Polonica represent the cultural heritage of Poland from various periods. These objects show both the history of the people and events commemorated, as well as events in the history of Poland over the last 400 years. Moreover, it was argued that some Polonica constitute the cultural heritage of both Poland and Austria. Some objects may be perceived and interpreted differently, which may be related to international political disputes.

13

OPAVA – THE CITY MEMORY CHANGES UNDER DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AND REGIMES

60%

Jirásek O.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

|

2020

|

tom 23

|

nr 3

48 – 69

EN

Opava has always been a city on the border. So there have been many changes of regimes and states to which Opava belonged, as well as changes of the city’s ethnic composition. The most numerous and rapid changes happened during the 20th century; whereby the city was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until 1918, then the first Czechoslovak republic until 1938, then part of the German Reich until 1945, then returning to be part of the Czechoslovak republic until 1993 and finally, as part of the Czech Republic till today. The aim of the paper is to analyse and compare the politics of memory and efforts to change Opava’s symbolism. The study focuses primarily on the projection of ideologies and identities onto the symbolic landscape under different regimes during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Within the research the concept of urban symbolism is used in dealing with the city’s cultural dimension with a focus on the distribution and meaning of symbols and rituals in relation to the cultivated surroundings. The study is limited to the analysis of urban public space aspects, such as the destruction and construction of symbolic sites (plaques, statues, monuments, buildings, graves), the renaming of streets and places, and commemorative rituals. The paper synthesizes the results of research of urban symbolism and politics of memory in the public space of Opava. It interprets and shows how urban public space has been adapting to the changes of regimes and the city symbolism has been modified consciously but also indirectly.

14

Foniczne ingerencje w miejskiej przestrzeni. Instalacja dźwiękowa „(Od)głosy w zaułkach”

60%

Losiak R.

Prace Kulturoznawcze

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2012

|

tom 13

79-88

EN

The article is an attempt to present and analyse an artistic project carried out in Wrocław’s public space in May 2010 by Maciej Bączyk and Paweł Romańczuk in the form of sound installations entitled „Backstreet sounds.” The authors intended the installations, accompanying the Contemporary Polish Music Festival, not only to be a form of artistic expression but also to provoke the audience — passer-by — with audio references to the history of the city and its soundscape. Thus the installations became a form of manifestation, the aim of which was to interest the audience in the problem of the city audiosphere. In interpreting this event, it was important to take into account the research conducted during the project by cultural studies students of the University of Wrocław based on questionnaires, interviews and observation of the participants’ behaviour. The results of this research seem to be interesting for the formulation of broader conclusions concerning the relations between people and their sound environment.

15

THE CITYSCAPE: FROM GARDEN CITY TO PARK CITY

60%

Frydryczak B.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

|

2013

|

nr 7

327-342

EN

When considering the relationship of the city and nature, I analyse the ways in which nature appears in urbanised space. It may be tentatively presumed that nature appears in the city in three forms. Being an integral decorative and structural element, nature has its “socialized” aspect, subordinated to the urban structure, and “privatised”, for instance in the home gardens. The third form is the live, sometimes even wayward nature, which manifests itself in the forgotten wastelands as well as climatic conditions and elements. Those three forms are confronted with the concept of Gernot Böhme who, giving a short historical outline of the process in which nature penetrated and entered the city tissue, points to two mechanisms he denoted as „bringing nature into the city” and „transferring the city into nature”. Drawing on that proposition, I deliberate how nature exists and manifests itself in the city, especially with respect to the concept of public parks and their rapid development in the 19th century. The “green islands” of city parks, although they seem a space liberated from the city and its processes, are city’s utterly subordinated surrogate of what is natural in the place of residence. In the context of the nature-city relationship, similar observations can be made with regard to E. Howard’s concept of garden cities, based on social eugenics and lifestyle hygiene, which was concerned with lucid structure and functionality of the city rather than building a harmonious relationship between the human settled in the urban space and nature, which ensured its harmonious development. The analysis of city parks and the concept of the garden city permits me to move on to another idea suggested by Böhme – the park city. This is a component of a utopian vision of a new relationship between the city and nature, devised upon the idea of “extended ecological vision of the city” where the city is construed as part of nature. Although Böhme’s suggestion is apparently a compromise, it still does not yield the conditions, in which one would find interpenetration of the city and nature as equal entities. It seems impossible without a limitation or degradation of either sphere.

16

CZECHOSLOVAKISM IN MENTALITIES OF KOŠICE’S INHABITANTS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE PUBLIC SPACE OF THE CITY IN THE INTERWAR ERA

51%

Ficeri O.

Mesto a dejiny

|

2017

|

tom 6

|

nr 2

22 – 47

EN

The establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918 was refused by a large proportion of its inhabitants, mainly from the part of Czechoslovak Germans and Hungarians. Beside them, a certain number of Slovaks rebelled against the state project of Czech and Slovak political elites as well. Some of them preferred to remain in the frame of the historical Hungary because they shared with Hungarians for century transmitted cultural patterns and cultural repertoire, the use of which came by implementing the idea of Czechoslovakism to the threat. Rebelling attitudes against Czechoslovak statehood were registered especially in the ethnically heterogeneous regions and cities which were located in the contact zone between the territories with the majority Slovak population on the one side and the minority Hungarian one on the other. Analysing the archival documents, the author of the paper focuses firstly on reactions of indigenous inhabitants of Slovak origin of the city of Košice to the establishment of Czechoslovakia, secondly, on pursuits of the political elites to implement the Czechoslovak state idea in the public space of the city, its successes, failures and tensions between the Czechoslovak and Slovak (autonomous) camps of nationalists. Thirdly, the analysis of the electoral behaviour stands in the spotlight, according to which the majority of local indigenous Slovaks voted the oppositionist parties what indicates that, in the long term, the idea of the Czechoslovak state was refused by these inhabitants. The purpose of the study lies in recognizing differentiated attitudes of the Slovak interwar (mainly urban) society to the Czechoslovak statehood and, hence, in outlining an alternative story to the traditional, in the cultural memory reproduced narrative about the establishment of Czechoslovakia as a “national liberation”.

17

Banksy'ego/banksym walka o obiektyw turysty. Notatki o oporze w przestrzeni miasta

51%

Frąckowiak M.

Rocznik Lubuski

|

2009

|

tom 35

|

nr 2

99-113

EN

Banksy is an artist addicted to the place which he tries to co-create. His works gain their very dimension precisely because of the carefully chosen location. He is a socially involved street artist, who creates his works in cities (the greatest ones) and comments upon them, making the concept of resistance ambiguous. Banksy's works visualise, discuss, and provoke reflection about public space, anesthetization, globalization, tourism, capitalism, gentrification and many more processes which constitute modern urban environment and the experience of it. Additionally, there are many different narrations (critical texts, blogs, books, museums, etc.) accompanying his works, which can be treated as illustrations of discursive mechanisms that contextualize and stabilise everyday communication. If perceiving the city as a specific communication area striving after its own syntax, then the city becomes a language, it can be read. That can be done comfortably through Banksy's works. But Banksy is interesting also because of complicating such a, though already outdated, way of thinking. His works visualise not only modern urban processes, but also the necessity to expand the understanding of a text to other culture 'grammars'. The stencil series which were an inspiration for the present reflection are simple information messages ('this is not a photo opportunity'), possibly potent not only because of their wording, but also because of their arrangement. Such like alternative instructions for photographers argue with the predominant visual formula in that they break down habitual ways of communication in cities. They complicate also the usual ways of theorising the city, which appears to be not only a space of communication between objects, but also a space of navigation between them.