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Some Remarks on the Topography of Medieval Wawel

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Firlet J. , Pianowski Z.

Acta Archaeologica Waweliana

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2006

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nr 3

43-58

EN

The archaeological and architectural investigations conducted on Wawel Hill since the 1880s have demonstrated that in the early Middle Ages the Cracow borough was a state and church centre comparable to those elsewhere in Europe. The unusual accumulation of monumental structures: two basilicas, four rotundas, some other churches, and palace buildings, as well as dwelling houses, has no analogy in other parts of Poland. However, the defensive system of the Hill was traditional, consisting of timber-and-earth ramparts of chest construction, which were considerably damaged by levelling in the Gothic period. Numerous rebuilding campaigns and the repeated levelling of the ground have in large measure obliterated traces of wooden structures. The communications system may be reconstructed chiefly on the basis of the distribution of masonry buildings. Especially noteworthy is the concentration of State functions and institutions (the ruler's residence, the treasury and mint, and great noblemen's mansions) and of those of the Church (a bishopric, cathedral chapter, collegiate church, and cathedral school) within the Wawel borough. Further excavations are expected to fill in the gaps in our knowledge of the buildings, urban layout, and fortifications of early medieval Wawel.

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Próby wyjaśnienia genezy nazw geograficznych Przylubie, Przylubsko, Przylubień

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Siatkowska E.

Onomastica

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2010

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tom 54

67–71

EN

The geographic name Przylubie designates three Polish localities, the largest of which is located on the Vistula, in the commune of Solec Kujawski. It is mentioned in the 15th century among the possessions of the bearers of the Poraj coat of arms. From this name they later took the surname Przylubski. The hydronyms Przylubien and Lubienia appear in Jaroslaw region, as well as the settlements Lubień, Lubieniec, Lubieńce, attested from the 15th century. Not far from Olkusz is located Przylubsko, a name evidently secondary in relation to the surname. Among many etymologies of the name Przylubie, the most probable is its derivation from the root lub-, among other things ‘bark basket for catching fish,’ ‘place of catching fish, deep waters in a lake or river.’ This etymological meaning, which comes from the base of the name, seems nearest to the truth.

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A WOMAN IN A CITY - A CITY IN A WOMAN. FOLLOWING THE EXAMPLE OF ELFRIEDE JELINEK (Kobieta w miescie - miasto w kobiecie. Przyklad Elfriede Jelinek)

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Hudzik A.

Przegląd Kulturoznawczy

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2008

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tom 1

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nr 1(4)

133-154

EN

The paper is a response to the question about a woman's experience of the city. Accordingly, the authoress analyses the ways Elfriede Jelinek's heroines behave. She contasts them with a male perspective as is recorded in Elias Canetti's prose. The paper consists of four parts. Part one is entitled 'Gynecriticism in Polish-Poetics, or Who Replaced the Flâneur in the Post-modern City' and it presents the history of a 'flâneur' and the reasons why he does not find a place for himself in the post-modern city. Part two, entitled 'City as an Extension of the Senses - on the Aesthetics of the Space' reconstructs Jelinek's heroines' experience of the city. Part three, entitled 'Fugitive and her Plan of the City' shows how this experience is rooted in the topography and semiotics of the city. Part four 'Stadtluft macht frei' contains an extended summary with an attempt to interpret the vision of the city and woman in Jelinek's writing. The city presented here is Vienna. The dynamic development of its architecture over the twentieth century can be seen in the attached photos.

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W obronie Reduty Ordona. Historia i mity

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Napiórkowski M.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2012

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nr 1(2)

63-81

EN

The article is an attempt to analyze a cultural image of a historical event as a modern form of the mythical imagination. On the example of the famous defense of Ordon's Redoubt, immortalized by the poem of Adam Mickiewicz, the author shows complicated relations between the facts and the fiction. The very term 'myth' is used here in a rather broad sense, including not only the narration heroic itself, but also rituals, forms of commemorations, and – first of all – the changing topography of the city.

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TOPOGRAFIA PALEOLITICKÝCH A MEZOLITICKÝCH LOKALÍT NA SLOVENSKU

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Žaár O.

Študijné zvesti

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2015

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nr 57

167 - 184

EN

The study deals with the topography of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic sites in Slovakia. In recent years, several projects were used to verify positions of the sites in the terrain and, at the same time, to survey them through GPS. A georeferenced base of sites (especially from the Považie and Ponitrie) was created. The initial input data regarding the numbers, approximate positions, dating of sites, numbers of finds from the sites, and so on, were taken from available literature as well as from the IA SAS´s documentation of texts and images. The positions of several sites were subsequently specified according to the maps from the publications and documentation of the IA SAS. This resulted into detailed topographical, geomorphological and technologically typological documentation of several areas of Slovakia. A similar method was used to add to the database the information from all over Slovakia which has not been verified through surface exploration yet. By the end of 2014, the database contained 960 sites, of which 126 have so far been measured in the terrain. Additional 146 sites have been preliminary identified according to the maps. The remaining 688 sites have not been verified yet. For the purposes of further processing, the territory has been divided into 11 regions according to the main Slovak watercourses which make up partial river basins of the Danube, the Tisa and the Vistula. A general problem facing the creation of topography is a large number of sites with imprecise determination of the position which may fluctuate from several metres up to several hundred metres. The richest and best processed regions in Slovakia are some micro regions in the watersheds of the rivers Váh, Nitra, Hornád, Bodrog and Poprad. At present, the most detailed verifications include the watersheds of the rivers Váh and Nitra. A summarising mapping of the sites also gives us a view of the concentration of scholars’ interest in some areas and, at the same time, of the areas from which we do not have any information on their settlement in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic. This can serve as an aid for further orientation of research in Slovakia.

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TOPOGRAFIA SÚDNICTVA: LOKALITY, OBJEKTY, ARTEFAKTY A SYMBOLY MESTSKEJ SPRAVODLIVOSTI V RANONOVOVEKOM UHORSKU

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Szeghyová B.

Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo

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2017

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tom 5

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nr 1

9 – 27

EN

This paper is an introduction to the research project on „Topography of the justice system“ which seeks to visualize the workings of the urban justice system in the early modern era in the Kingdom of Hungary. The authors examines places, objects, artefacts, symbols and rituals tied to the administration of justice in the cities, which include 1) city halls with their outer and inner decoration which represents the power and the autonomy of the city; 2) pillories, stocks and prangers; 3) prisons and torture chambers; and 4) executions sites. Judicial rituals, the omnipresent visual symbolism as the primary means of public communication and the selection of specific motifs to represent justice, all of this reflect the contemporary values and ideals as well as ideas on appropriate punishment.

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MĚSTO ŘÍM A JEHO PAMÁTKY OČIMA DVOU ČESKÝCH POZDNĚ RENESANČNÍCH ŠLECHTICŮ

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Melounová M.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2018

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tom 22

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nr 2

317 – 334

EN

The paper analyzes and compares methods and accuracy of the descriptions of ancient Roman monuments in two important Old Bohemian travelogues from the beginning of the 17th century: the Pilgrimage of Christopher Harant of Polzice and Bezdruzice (1564 – 1621; travelogue printed in 1608) and the travelogue of Friedrich of Donin (ca. 1574 – 1634; travelogue preserved in a single manuscript). Both travelogues are richly illustrated. They describe both specific monuments of the city of Rome at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries as well as the types of monuments not all of which are of Roman origin, but can also be found in Rome (such as obelisks and pyramids). In his account, Donin prefers to provide general information about the monuments rather than to describe his own journey. However, due to the missing page, we do not know the exact beginning of his description. The descriptions are chronological: first, he depicts the monuments of pagan Rome; second, Christian churches and basilicas; and, finally, the secular buildings of Christian Rome. The preserved part of the account of Roman pagan monuments starts topographically with the Vespasianic Templum Pacis and the Palatine hill; nevertheless, while speaking of imperial arches, Donin abandons the method and describes instead the most important monuments according to their type. The arches are followed by the Flavian amphitheatre, the Theatre of Marcellus, Roman baths, the Pyramid of Cestius, the obelisks of Rome, the columns of Trajan and Marcus Aurelius and the mausoleum of Hadrian. Donin is well versed in architecture. His concise descriptions of monuments are mostly accurate. Contrary to Harant who labels most building stones as “marble”, Donin distinguishes between different kinds of building stones (marble, travertine, porphyry). The lack of autopsy in Harant’s descriptions is sometimes obvious. Not only in verbal descriptions, but also in illustrations (the Egyptian pyramids resembling obelisks). On the other hand, Harant’s travelogue is much more extensive and elaborate, whereas the greatest difference between him and Donin when it comes to the information processing method is Harant’s ubiquitous bibliographical citations and the lack of these in Donin’s work.