Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Anaerobic endurance of young swimmers aged 12 years

100%

Stachowicz M. , Milde K. , Janik M.

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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2011

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tom 3

87-90

EN

Study aim: To assess the effects of swimming training on anaerobic endurance, swimming velocity and chest girth in children aged 12 years.Material and methods: Two groups of children aged 12 years were studied. Group S (14 boys and 6 girls) training swimming at a sport-oriented school 3 days a week, 90 min per session, and Group R (6 boys and 6 girls) engaged in competitive swimming for 4 years. Children from Group S were subjected twice (in September and in February) to a swimming test consisting of 6 bouts of swimming the 12.5-m distance, spaced by 30-s intermissions. Mean and maximum swimming velocities in the entire test were recorded together with their ratio (Performance Index, PI). In children from Group R the swimming velocity at one 12.5-distance was recorded.Results: Apart from somatic indices, significant increases over the 5-month training period were noted in mean swimming velocity in boys and girls (p<0.001) and in maximum velocity in boys (p<0.01). No significant changes were noted in the performance index or in heart rate.Conclusions: Performance index as a measure of anaerobic endurance may serve as a useful tool in assessing the adaptive performance changes in young swimmers.

2

Effects of 8-week training on aerobic capacity and swimming performance of boys aged 12 years

88%

Zarzeczny R. , Kuberski M. , Deska A. , Zarzeczna D. , Rydz K. , Lewandowska A. , Bałchanowski T. , Bosiacki J.

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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2011

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tom 3

49-52

EN

Study aim: To assess the effects of 8-week endurance training in swimming on work capacity of boys aged 12 years.Material and methods: The following groups of schoolboys aged 12 years were studied: untrained control (UC; n = 14) and those training swimming for two years. The latter ones were subjected to 8-week training in classical style (CS; n = 10) or free style (FS; n = 13). In all boys maximal oxygen uptake (O2max) was determined, and the CS and FS groups were subjected to 6 tests: swimming at 50 and 400 m distances (time recorded) and to 12-min swimming (distance recorded), all by free and classical styles pre- and post-training. From swimming times at 50 and 400 m distances the so-called critical swimming speed (CSS) was computed: CSS = (400 - 50) / (t400 - t50).Results: No training-induced improvement in O2max was noted in any group. Yet, boys subjected to classical style training significantly (p<0.05) improved their free-style swimming velocity at CSS and at the 400-m distance by about 6%, and their heart rate following the 12-min test in classical style decreased by nearly 16% (p<0.001) compared with the pre-training values.Conclusions: The 8-week training in given swimming style does not negatively affect the performance in other style than the trained one. This may be of importance in competitive training.

3

Kinematics of the Hip and Body Center of Mass in Front Crawl

88%

Fernandes R. , Ribeiro J. , Figueiredo P. , Seifert L. , Vilas-Boas J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2012

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tom 33

15-23

EN

The kinematic profiles of the hip and center of mass in front crawl swimming were compared to quantify the error of using a fixed body point to assess intracyclic velocity variations at moderate intensity exercise. The practical goal was to provide a useful tool, easy and fast to assess, and to use as feedback, for assessing swimming efficiency. Sixteen swimmers performed an intermittent incremental protocol that allowed assessing the individual anaerobic threshold velocity. One complete stroke cycle was analysed at the step intensity corresponding to each swimmer's anaerobic threshold. The subjects were videotaped in the sagittal plane using a double camera set-up for two-dimensional kinematical analyses. The hip and the center of mass presented similar mean velocity and displacement values, being highly related to both parameters. However, the hip reflects the center of mass forward velocity and horizontal displacement with 7.54% and 3.24% associated error, respectively. Differences between hip and center of mass were observed for intracyclic velocity variations (0.19±0.05 and 0.25±0.08, respectively, for a p<0.001), and the negative mean error value found (-0.06) evidenced a tendency of the hip to overestimate the center of mass velocity variation. It is possible to conclude that the hips forward movements might provide a good estimate of the swimmer's horizontal velocity and displacement that is relevant for diagnostic purposes, especially to assess swimming efficiency through the intracyclic velocity variations. Nevertheless, the hip point error magnitude should be taken into consideration in data interpretation.

4

OCENA STANU WYTRENOWANIA PŁYWAKA NA PODSTAWIE WYNIKÓW TESTU PROGRESYWNEGO O NARASTAJĄCEJ PRĘDKOŚCI PŁYWANIA

63%

Słomiński P. , Nowacka A.

Roczniki Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Wychowania Fizycznego i Turystyki w Białymstoku

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2017

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nr 1(19)

33-44 s.

PL

Kontrola jest istotnym elementem kierowania procesem treningu, dostarcza informacji o realizacji jak i efektach treningu. Dzięki niej możliwa jest także ocena stanu wytrenowania zawodników i wprowadzanie ewentualnych korekt do programu. Bardzo ważny dla efektywności treningu jest odpowiedni dobór obciążeń do indywidualnych predyspozycji zawodnika. Obciążenia treningowe pływaków planowane są w oparciu o wartości progu przemian anaerobowych, wyznaczane testem progresywnym 8x200 m stylem podstawowej konkurencji. Celem pracy uczyniono przedstawienie dynamiki stanu wytrenowania w przebiegu cyklu przygotowań złotej medalistki olimpijskiej w pływaniu na podstawie wyników testu progresywnego 8x200 m stylem podstawowej konkurencji. Analizie poddano wyniki z testów przeprowadzanych w przebiegu czteroletnich przygotowań do IO w Pekinie w 2008 roku. W każdym teście pobierano krew z płatka ucha i określono poziom kwasu mlekowego we krwi (mmol/l) i na tej podstawie wykreślano krzywą mleczanową. Zebrano także dane dotyczące techniki pływania - frekwencja ruchów, długość kroku pływackiego, Stroke Indeks.

EN

Control is an essential element in managing the training process of an athlete. Using control provides information about relations and effectiveness of training. The coach can assess the fitness levels of an athlete and make adjustments to the training plan if needed. The effectiveness of training is extremely important and is dependent on an adequate load of training selected based on an athletes individual disposition. The training load for swimmers are planned based on the value of threshold anaerobic changes, determined by the progressive test of 8x200 meters best stroke. The aim of theses is indicate dynamics of the state of condition Olympic Gold Medalist in swimming during preparation cycle based on progressive test results 8x200 m best stroke. The results of a test conducted during an athletes 4 year preparation before the Olympic Games in Beijing (2008) was analyzed. In each test, blood was collected from the earlobe and indicated lactic acid levels in the blood (mm/l). Based on cumulative results, created the curve of acidosis .Stroke frequency, Stroke length and Stroke Index were collected as well.

5

RÓŻNICE W SKOKU STARTOWYM TECHNIKĄ GRAB I TRACK NA PODSTAWIE ANALIZY KINEMATYCZNEJ FAZY LOTU PŁYWAKÓW

51%

Nosiadek L. , Nosiadek A.

Roczniki Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Wychowania Fizycznego i Turystyki w Białymstoku

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2016

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nr 1(15)

75-82 s.

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena różnic pomiędzy trzema rodzajami skoku startowego (Grab, Track bez podpórki i Track z podpórką). W badaniach uczestniczyło czworo studentów Wychowania Fizycznego, należących do sekcji pływania AZS AWF w Krakowie (3 kobiety i 1 mężczyzna) w wieku 23-24 lat. Przeprowadzono rejestrację filmową przy użyciu aparatu cyfrowego o podwyższonej częstotliwości (120Hz), ustawionego na statywie z boku słupka. Na podstawie analizy kinematycznej wyznaczono: czas lotu, długość lotu, maksymalną wysokość stawu biodrowego nad powierzchnią wody, kąt początkowy i końcowy tułowia w fazie lotu. Wartości wybranych parametrów kinematycznych wyznaczone dla każdego rodzaju skoku startowego różniły się między sobą u każdej z badanych osób. Na podstawie analizy wyników badań nie udało się rozstrzygnąć, który z trzech rodzajów skoku startowego, był najkorzystniejszy dla zawodnika. W celu wyboru optymalnego rodzaju skoku startowego, analizę kinematyczną należy przeprowadzić osobno dla każdego zawodnika (indywidualnie).

EN

The aim of this study was the evaluation the differences between the three types of swimming start technique (Grab, Track without the use of support and Track with support). Four students of Physical Education, belonging to the swimming section AZS AWF (3 women and 1 man) aged 23-24 years participated in this study. Recording a movie was performed using a digital camera with a high frequency (120Hz), set on a tripod on the side of the block. On the basis of kinematic analysis determined: flight time, flight length, maximum height of the hip above the water surface, the angle of the start (takeoff angle) and end (entry angle) of the trunk in flight phase. Values of selected kinematic parameters determined for each type of swimming start technique differed in each of the subjects.Based on the results of research have failed to resolve which of the three types of swimming start technique, was most beneficial for the swimmers. To choose the optimum type of swimming start technique, kinematic analysis should be performed separately for each competitor (individual).