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EN
The paper deals with studying a problem of determining the outer and inner conflicts, with revealing their essence and content, attributive characteristics and differences as social phenomena. The main approaches to this problem decision are analyzed. Both the insufficient aspects of offered decisions, and their positive (constructive) sides are revealed, a number of authors' definitions of the inner and outer conflicts (brief and broad, for example) is proposed on such a basis. The author points to metamorphoses of the inner conflict into outer one, and a conclusion is made on a necessity of using a notion of 'the ultimate social system' for deciding the problem. The system capacity and competence to limit the conflict proceeding by some norms or force actions permit one to make a conclusion that such a conflict is the inner one. The lack of such qualities in a social system in respect to other conflicts permits defining them as the outer conflicts.
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Content available remote THE ARCHIPELAGO OF THE BASQUE NATIONALISM
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EN
The first part of the article examines the problem of Basque nationalism, focusing on the roots and complex nature of this national movement in northern Spain. The political situation in the Basque country is the subject of a very emotional debate in some Polish newspapers. Yet the true nature of the question of Basque nationalism, which is often simplified by journalists, remains unclear for Polish readers. From a historical approach, the authoress aims to deconstruct such a truly false picture of the Basque national movement in Spain. From various points of view, she shows that the movement's goals are by no means limited to an organization seeking to propagate or openly use violent methods of fighting the Spanish government. The article shows that Basque nationalism may be viewed as a type of social conflict embracing particular ethnic elements which are of prime significance.
EN
The primary purpose of the survey was to attempt to determine whether the strategy of aggressively managing social conflicts by young people co-existed with their Parents aggression-biased strategy for managing these same conflicts. The causes for such coexistence (if it occurs) were sought, in particular the role model which can be assigned to the case under consideration. The author`s questionnaire for examining the parental strategy as perceived by a child and the author`s questionnaire for examining the strategy as to how young people cope with that strategy were applied in the survey. The survey was conducted on a group of 811 adolescents (414 girls and 397 boys) ages 13-15. The group included pupils from junior high schools in Wrocław and its environs. It was found that parents who apply a strategy based on aggression contribute to the modelling of aggressive strategies used by young people. It should be noted that sex plays an important role in the modelling. Impacts made by a parent of the opposite sex which favours the strategy of aggression developed by adolescent young people was also noted.
EN
The special feature of this issue is debate concerning explanations of the new social order in Poland and remedies to its internal problems after 1989. Professor W. Nieciunski wrote an essay based on five important and basic questions about social order and modernization of Poland. What were the sources of 1989 revolution and decay of the state socialism in the Soviet Union? What changes occurred during restitution of capitalism (systemic transformation) and what consequences did they have? What antagonisms and conflicts shape Poland's external environment? What kind of goals and activities for modernization should we promote to remove Poland's civilizational delay? What systemic arrangements can ensure conciliatory resolution of unavoidable internal conflicts as well as creation of conditions favorable to general progress of Polish society and realization of goals necessary for modernization? Twenty prominent figures from Polish academic community agreed to answer and to discuss points made by professor W. Nieciunski.
EN
The author carries out the analysis of the nature of disputed interaction in modern sport. It is shown, that there are opposite approaches describing relations between sport and the social conflict in the scientific literature. The supporters of one of them consider modern sports as a source of the social conflicts, because the essence of sport competition is conflict. The supporters of the opposite approach estimate the role of sport in restriction and overcoming the conflicts positively and rather highly, comprehensively emphasizing the importance of sport as a factor of peace, friendship, international mutual understanding, and decrease of aggression. It is noted, that the use of sport in the achievement of political purposes lead to the appearance of conflict situations in the international sport, especially in Olympic game realization. The author analyses the reasons, form and feature of the political protests in sport. In spite of this, the sport can be considered as a sample of conflicts restriction, because the sports activity is regulated on the basis of principles of fair play and equality of chances. The sports can have an effective influence on physical, mental, spiritual characteristics and abilities of the human.
EN
In the article the adequate paradigm of public security forming which is based on functioning and development of the social security system is first offered. Certainly base structural elements of the social security system. Grounded existence of objective conformity to the law of functioning and development of the public system in plane determinant of social security. Outlined advantages and lacks of forming theories of the social security system.
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