Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Różnice w poziomie agresywności polskich kobiet i mężczyzn w różnym wieku

100%

Rytel J.

Studia Psychologica

|

2011

|

nr 11/1

65-80

EN

This paper aims at exploring differences in levels of aggression of men and women in different age groups (10 to 79 years). Additionally, it provides information on psychometric characteristics of Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (Amity version) by age. Sexual selection theory proposes that sex difference in physical aggression are due to greater male than female competition for reproduction which leads males to use more risky strategies. In line with the theory, the largest divergence between men’s and women’s physical aggression was observed in the age group 16-22. The differences were smaller in both younger and older age groups. The results seem to support the theory of sexual selection, but their validity should be further confirmed on larger samples, in particular, with a bigger share of older individuals (above 55 years old).

2

Atrakcyjność autoprezentacji w sferze społecznej oraz instrumentalnej w sytuacji zagrożenia ja u kobiet i mężczyzn o różnej samoocenie

100%

Stojanowska E.

Studia Psychologica

|

2011

|

nr 11/2

35-50

EN

The purpose of experimental research was establishing the role of self-esteem and kind of threat for self-presentation attractiveness in social sphere and intellectual among women and men. Research carried out in group of 120 persons showed that self-esteem differentiated self-presentation attractiveness to different manner among women and men. In female group, independently on situation and declared effort to express definite features, low self-esteem subjects were more attractive in social sphere than high self-esteem persons, however, they did not differ in attractiveness of instrumental sphere. Then in group of man, independently on situation, high self-esteem persons were more attractive in instrumental sphere than low self-esteem persons, but in social sphere, in neutral situation equal as well as social threats, low-self-esteem people were estimated higher than high self-esteem people. Research have showed small sex differences in range of motivation and attractiveness of self-presentation.

3

IS BEAUTY IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER? SIGNS OF WEALTH AND INTEREST IN THE PERCEIVER AS THE DETERMINANTS OF THE PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE OPPOSITE SEX

100%

Sorokowski P.

Psychological Studies

|

2005

|

tom 43

|

nr 4

71-80

EN

Young participants (N=144) varying in material status were asked in a field experiment to rate physical attractiveness of an opposite sex person who varied in apparent material wealth (high vs. low) and interest in dating the perceiver (interest vs. no information). The result showed that men (but not women) increased their ratings of attractiveness of the target person interested in dating them. Women (but not men) perceived the wealthy target as more physically attractive. This, however, was found only in unwealthy women who were convinced that the man was interested in dating them. The results were discussed in terms of evolutionary-based sex differences in reproductive strategies.

4

GLOBAL AND LOCAL PROCESSING OF VISUAL STIMULI, FUNCTIONAL HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY OF THE BRAIN AND BIOLOGICAL SEX

88%

Senderecka M. , Grabowska A.

Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)

|

2006

|

tom 14

63-81

EN

The results of most research on the role of the two hemispheres in processing hierarchical patterns indicate a right hemisphere relative superiority in processing of global shape and a left hemisphere relative predominance in processing of local details. However, some studies suggest that hemispheric specialization can be modified by stimulus category - verbal or figural. The purpose of this research was to study hemispheric lateralization for global and local processing of visual stimuli from different categories. Furthermore we investigated whether biological sex influences the processing of complex visual patterns. Fifty men and forty eight women participated in the experiment. It was carried out using lateral presentation of letter- and figure-based hierarchical stimuli. The results of this study indicated relative right hemisphere specialization for global processing and relative left hemisphere specialization for local processing. This asymmetry was more pronounced in men. This finding is in agreement with a hypothesis that male brains are more lateralised than female brains. Stimulus category did not modify hemispheric specialization but it influenced response time and accuracy. In addition the study showed that stimulus category modifies effect of interference between elements from different levels of stimuli.

5

OWN MATE VALUE AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF A POTENTIAL MATE'S QUALITIES

88%

Tadinac M. , Hromatko I.

Studia Psychologica

|

2007

|

tom 49

|

nr 3

251-264

EN

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that an individual's mate preferences are in accordance with his/her position on the characteristic especially relevant to the opposite sex (physical attractiveness in females and income in males), own mate value, and age. The questionnaire, requesting various biographical data and ratings of characteristics of a potential mate regarding their importance or desirability, was posted on the internet and completed by 2648 participants. Women with higher levels of self-perceived physical attractiveness gave higher ratings of importance of a potential partner's characteristics, while men with higher income rated potential mate's qualities as more important than men with lower income. Participants from high mate value group proved to be choosier, rating majority of characteristics as more important than low mate value group did. Adults of both sexes aged 25-39 rated several characteristics as more important compared to younger and older participants, suggesting that people raise their expectations from a potential mate while in their reproductive period.

6

MINE IS BIGGER THAN YOURS! NARCISSISM PREDICTS BIASES IN PERCEIVED HEAD SIZE

88%

Lyons M. , Blinkhorn V. , Collier E. S. , Bertamini M.

Studia Psychologica

|

2019

|

tom 61

|

nr 4

245 – 257

EN

The expression big headed is often used to describe narcissists, however is it possible that this term signals a bias in how narcissists perceive themselves? We tested whether narcissistic traits predicted biases in the estimated size and weight of specific body parts, including head circumference and brain weight. In two questionnaire-based studies, participants estimated the size or weight of parts of their body. In Study 1 (n = 316), we found that the Leadership/Authority facet of narcissism significantly predicted greater estimates of head circumference in men, but lower estimates of head circumference in women. In Study 2 (n = 275), we found that when a sex-specific average head circumference was not provided, Leadership/Authority predicted greater estimates of head circumference overall. We present evidence that narcissism predicts biases in estimated head size and brain weight, but that the precise nature of these biases is dependent on the provided frame of reference for body size. These results are discussed with reference to within-sex competitive strategies, perceived intelligence and stereotypes for male and female attractiveness.

7

PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE ‘READING THE MIND IN THE EYES’ TEST WITH SAMPLES OF DIFFERENT AGES FROM A POLISH POPULATION

75%

Jankowiak-Siuda K. , Baron-Cohen S. , Białaszek W. , Dopierała A. , Kozłowska A. , Rymarczyk K.

Studia Psychologica

|

2016

|

tom 58

|

nr 1

18 – 31

EN

The ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ Test (RMET) is a test of a Theory of Mind, i.e., the ability to infer the states of minds of other people. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a Polish adaptation of the RMET. The sample consisted of 447 participants, aged 18-85. The internal consistency of the RMET was 0.668; the upper confidence interval was 0.718. The score in the Polish version of the RMET was positively correlated with the English version. Test-retest stability was acceptable, with ICC = 0.886. The correlation of RMET and the cognitive empathy measure confirms the theoretical assumptions. There were significant gender differences in RMET scores: women had higher scores than men. Elderly groups of participants differ statistically from younger groups of participants in the RMET. The Polish version of the RMET showed satisfactory psychometric parameters, comparable to those of the original version.