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Rurální sociologie v období totality. Příspěvek do diskuse

100%

Patek Z.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2004

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tom 40

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nr 5

665-671

EN

After the communist coup in 1948 rural sociology in Czechoslovakia was regarded by the new totalitarian regime as an element of bourgeois ideology which had to be destroyed. Empirical research in agriculture and the countryside was deemed unnecessary and incapable of providing any new and useful knowledge. But despite being rejected by party ideologists, the Czech rural sociology survived and in 1960s partook of the general revival of Czech sociology and other social sciences. The most important contributions to its new development came, respectively, from the activities of leading Czech rural sociologist Jan Tauber, from the Institute of social and political sciences directed by Pavel Machonin, and from a group of teachers from agricultural universities in Prague and Brno. In August 1968 the progress of rural sociology was interrupted by the invasion of Warsaw Pact Troops, and a considerable number of sociologists were thereafter prevented from working in their field. Although even during this period some limited activities in the domain of rural sociology continued, they were distorted by dogmatism and interference from the state and Communist Party leaders. Despite this a new generation of rural sociologists nonetheless managed to emerge. The democratic revolution in November 1989 established new conditions that enabled the resumption of activities in the field of rural sociology, allowing them to evolve freely.

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VÝVOJ PŘÍSTUPŮ KE ZKOUMÁNÍ VENKOVA V RURÁLNÍ SOCIOLOGII

80%

Delín M. , Pospěch P.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2016

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tom 48

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nr 1

5 - 24

EN

This review paper presents a comprehensive summary of the various approaches towards the study of the rural in rural sociology. It starts with sociological classics Tönnies, Durkheim and Weber and proceeds through establishment of rural sociology as a separate discipline in the USA in early 20th century and its post-war development in Europe to the present paradigmatic multitude. The review highlights the key contradictions between structural and cultural approaches on the one hand, and between basic and applied rural sociology on the other. In the final part, a brief review of the present Czech and Slovak rural sociology is presented.

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THE USE OF MEMOIR METHOD IN POLISH RURAL SOCIOLOGY - ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH (Metoda pamietnikarska w polskiej socjologii wsi - ujecie antropologiczne)

70%

Pawlowska K.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

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2009

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nr 1(142)

62-84

EN

The paper discusses theoretical and methodological problems connected with the use of personal documents in Polish rural sociology in the first half of the 20th century basing on the example of works of William Thomas, Florian Znaniecki, Józef Chalasinski, Ludwik Krzywicki and Wladyslaw Grabski as well as critical analyses of their concepts in past and present considerations. The second part of the paper is devoted to the dispute over the use of 'biographical method' in sociology, common for discussions on the essence of 'explanation' and 'understanding' - two opposed concepts for getting to know the social world. Next, the dispute between 'explanation' and 'understanding' is discussed from anthropological perspective and a justification for such approach to the problem is provided. In the third part of the text possibilities for applying an analysis of memoirs, called an 'anthropological approach to autobiography', is presented. Such analysis, drawing on the achievements of social-cultural anthropology, differs from the hitherto used analyses. This approach is based on special treatment of notions in anthropology - as specific 'analytical tools'. For by developing a reticule of notions it is possible to create a universal methodology preceding empirical material. The proposed perspective permits to combine elements of 'explanation' and 'understanding' within the framework of a single analytical perspective consisting in the dissociation of research method from a definite theory. Problems connected with historical character of autobiographical materials have been discussed with the use of micro-historical approach, proposed by researchers representing the direction of the so-called new cultural history.

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TŘI TRADICE SOCIOLOGIE VENKOVA V POČÁTCÍCH SOCIOLOGIE VYBRANÝCH ZEMÍ STŘEDNÍ EVROPY

60%

Janák D.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2018

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tom 50

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nr 2

149 – 171

EN

The country life was the most important empirical topic shared by Central European sociologies in the beginnings of sociology in Central Europe (in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary). The comparison based on the content analysis of contemporary sociological journals, the knowledge of relevant books and research in the field of rural sociology and the knowledge of work of the key sociologists identified three specific approaches to the topic. The first is characterized by Polish culturalism, the second by Czech “nationalization” of the topic, and the third by Hungarian and Slovak sociographism. The so-called agrarian question was one of the key political and social problems of the first third of the 20th century and that is why the topic is suitable for the study of politicization of sociology. While the Polish approach is of apolitical nature, the Czech concept is characterized by political connotations related to national questions. In Slovakia the gradual depolitization of the topic in the context of sociographical approach is apparent, while left-wing social political ambitions are typical of the Hungarian sociographic tradition. These approaches represent certain distinctive ideal types and there exist also significant counterexamples.