Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Polish Army in its organisation phase on the turn of 1944 and 1945 illustrated with an example of 4th Anti-aircraft Artillery Division and 8th Infantry Division

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WOŁOSZ P.

Historia i Świat

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2016

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nr 5

225-237

EN

In 1944, in line with the prepared plans of the extension of the Polish Army, the following military units were formed already in the course of military actions of World War II in the Siedlce area: the 8th Infantry Division, the 4th Anti-aircraft Artillery Division and the 1st Independent Mortar Brigade. Totally, the headcount of the formed tactical detachment was supposed to reach 15 thousand soldiers. Numerous organisational and logistic glitches could be seen in the formation stage of the military units mentioned above. They affected the quality of military service, leading to relaxation in the ranks of the Polish Army. Hostility of many lower rank servicemen (but not only them) towards Soviet officers, who joined the newly organised Polish Army, was an additional factor which made this situation even worse. Raising this issue, the Author sets it in the context of political and social changes taking place in Poland after the Polish Committee for National Liberation was established. He also refers to military discipline, which remains one of the key threads of this paper, and which actually posed a serious problem to the General Command of the Polish Army.

2

Dowództwo Okręgu Generalnego „Lwów”, czyli o początkach terenowej administracji wojskowej w Małopolsce Wschodniej (1919-1921)

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Ostanek A.

Historia i Świat

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2014

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nr 3

187-209

EN

The structure of the present work is based both on chronology and theme. The main research problem of the article is to establish the facts about the functioning of the administrative apparatus of the Polish Army in the General District “Lvov”. All of the elements related to the organizational structure of the District Command are discussed included. Additionally, By the way, the author attempts to reconstruct the data concerning the personal department of the district’s management was reconstructed. Between 1919-1921 the General District “Lvov” was one of several military units in Poland. The administration of the subject area, which covered 37,400 square km, belonged to the commander General District “Lvov” Command located placed in Lvov. According to the public list from 1921 almost 3,5 mln people lived within the this military district’s borders frontiers. For the whole discussed period the General District Command “Lvov” was the main war institution in East Lesser Poland (Małopolska). Although the successive commander standing on the district’s head had different prerogatives and competence. In general, they controlled material, money and tax economy of these formations and they were concerned with discipline and order. The essential aim of the district’s commander chief was the constant cooperation with both representatives of the authorities and the local people.

3

Wstęp do przyszłego pola walki dla bojowych pododdziałów szczebla taktycznego na przykładzie wdrażania ZZKO TOPAZ w Wojsku Polskim

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Wojciechowski P. , Sobczak D. , Bartosiewicz A.

Szybkobieżne Pojazdy Gąsienicowe

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2004

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tom nr 2 (20)

144--147

4

Diversity of influenza-like illness etiology in Polish Armed Forces in influenza epidemic season

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Kocik J. , Niemcewicz M. , Winnicka I. , Michalski A. , Bielawska-Drózd A. , Kołodziej M. , Joniec J. , Cieślik P. , Graniak G. , Mirski T. , Gaweł J. , Bielecka-Oder A. , Kubiak L. , Russell K.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2014

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tom 61

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nr 3

489-494

EN

The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological and laboratory surveillance of Influenza-Like Illnesses (ILI) in Polish Armed Forces, civilian military personnel and their families in 2011/2012 epidemic season, under the United States Department of Defense-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS). ILI incidence data were analyzed in relation to age, gender, patient category as well as pathogen patterns. Multiple viral, bacterial and viral-bacterial co-infections were identified. Nose and throat swabs of active duty soldiers in the homeland country and in the NATO peacekeeping forces KFOR (Kosovo Force), as well as members of their families were tested for the presence of viral and bacterial pathogens. From October 2011 to May 2012, 416 specimens from ILI symptoms patients were collected and analyzed for the presence of viral and bacterial pathogens. Among viruses, coronavirus was the most commonly detected. In the case of bacterial infections, the most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus.

5

Values and norms of behaviour in the life of cadets

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Dziwanowski K.

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2020

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tom Vol. 29, No. 2

73--94

EN

The aim of this paper is to analyse the meaning, role and place of values in the life of a soldier. Furthermore, the article explores the issues of soldiers’ ethical standards and types of behaviour which can be found in the modern army. It outlines that they are strongly influenced by the local culture. As a result of everyday performance, every individual makes assessments, i.e. formulates different opinions according to a specific criterion and assigns them a significant place in the hierarchy of values. In the light of this theory, the article examines the hierarchy of values and the norms of behaviour that occur in the lives of cadets. The paper uses The Rokeach Value Survey as well as The Kruskal–Wallis test by ranks. Using these two methods, the author analyses his own questionnaires to compare the value system of Polish Air Force University students. The main findings state that cadets have a permanent system of values. Moreover, they share similar judgments concerning different behaviour. Regardless of the course year, goals and values related to their homeland and family seem to be of the greatest importance. The overall findings of the paper show a great number of similarities in the cadets’ value system. It is recommended that the future research should focus on examining students of other Polish military universities in order to check if they respond differently. The results obtained may be helpful in the process of young soldiers’ upbringings taking into consideration the moral figure among military school graduates.

6

Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej „Wojsko Polskie na wschodnich rubieżach Rzeczypospolitej – historia i współczesne wyzwania” (Siedlce, 4-5 września 2019 r.)

100%

MADEJ A.

Historia i Świat

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2020

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nr 9

219-222

7

Examples of the Relationship Between the Police and the Polish Army Over the Last Century

100%

Bylina S.

Internal Security

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2018

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tom Special Issue

67-77

EN

The article discusses the issue of mutual relations between representatives of the Police and the Polish Army over the last 100 years. The intention of the issues raised is the need to build positive ties between soldiers and officers, who, as the history cards show, have repeatedly set an example of mutual sacrifice for the good of their Homeland. Although the discussed period of time also contains difficult historical threads, especially in the period between the functioning of the second and third Republic of Poland, thanks to the available sources and literature on the subject we learn about numerous examples of building the common good of citizens. Thanks to specific legal regulations throughout the century, we see more and more precise fields of cooperation between services, as exemplified by the activities of Police and Military Police officers during national and international events taking place in the country as well as beyond its borders. A special dimension of the presented relations is the more and more expressive contemporary cooperation not only on the military line, but also among the local community, as well as in the mutual sports rivalry of uniformed services.

8

Obraz Wojska Polskiego i podziemia poakowskiego w latach 1945–1946 w świetle raportów czechosłowackiego wywiadu

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Halczak B. , Šmigel M.

Slavia Occidentalis

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2015

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nr 72/2

193-206

PL

In the years 1945–1946, Czechoslovak intelligence operated in Poland. These secret intelligence reports are now a valuable resource for historians. In 1945–1946, in the mountainous regions of south-eastern Poland, near the border with Czechoslovakia, a civil war was ongoing. Government forces and the anti-communist resistance were fighting each other. The events in south-eastern Poland were carefully observed by Czechoslovak intelligence. Czechoslovak agents critically evaluated government forces. In their opinion, this formation was ill-equipped and poorly trained. The leaders were often Soviet officers who didn’t even know Polish. Many soldiers in the government army secretly sympathised with the anti-communist underground. Czechoslovak agents positively evaluated the anti-communist resistance movement. According to the reports, the underground was numerous, disciplined and well-organised. The partisans had high morale and enjoyed widespread support from the civilian population. However, the Polish Army was an official ally of Czechoslovakia.

9

Values and norms of behaviour in the life of cadets

100%

Dziwanowski K.

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2020

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tom 29

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nr 2

73-94

EN

The aim of this paper is to analyse the meaning, role and place of values in the life of a soldier. Furthermore, the article explores the issues of soldiers’ ethical standards and types of behaviour which can be found in the modern army. It outlines that they are strongly influenced by the local culture. As a result of everyday performance, every individual makes assessments, i.e. formulates different opinions according to a specific criterion and assigns them a significant place in the hierarchy of values. In the light of this theory, the article examines the hierarchy of values and the norms of behaviour that occur in the lives of cadets. The paper uses The Rokeach Value Survey as well as The Kruskal–Wallis test by ranks. Using these two methods, the author analyses his own questionnaires to compare the value system of Polish Air Force University students. The main findings state that cadets have a permanent system of values. Moreover, they share similar judgments concerning different behaviour. Regardless of the course year, goals and values related to their homeland and family seem to be of the greatest importance. The overall findings of the paper show a great number of similarities in the cadets’ value system. It is recommended that the future research should focus on examining students of other Polish military universities in order to check if they respond differently. The results obtained may be helpful in the process of young soldiers’ upbringings taking into consideration the moral figure among military school graduates.

10

Oficerowie Wojska Polskiego, związani z Wadowicami, rozstrzelani w KL Auschwitz 27 maja 1942 r.

88%

Dębski J.

Wadoviana. Przegląd historyczno-kulturalny

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2014

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nr 17

40-51

EN

The author presents biographies of nine officers of the Polish Army. All of them, though differently, were connected with the town of Wadowice: some of them were born there, some in the 12th Infantry Regiment that stationed in the town, whereas others attended the local school. Besides their bonds with the town of Wadowice, they also shared the expieience of the second world war and of the fight with the German invader. Although, as officers, they seemed to be obliged to combat with the enemy, the decision to put up resistance was never easy. Their fates were once again linked in Auschwitz, where they were sent as a result repressive organized by the Nazis.

11

Ludowe Wojsko Polskie : radzieckie wzorce wychowawcze, indoktrynacja, postawa wobec społeczeństwa

88%

Zuziak J.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2006

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tom nr 3(64)A Numer specjalny

47-60

EN

The genesis of the Polish People’s Army dates back to May 1943 when the Soviet government agreed to form the 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division on its territory. Since its very beginning, the army organised by communists was subjected to thorough indoctrination with a particular intensity in 1948-1956, i.e. in the period defined in the Polish historiography as the Stalinisation of Poland and its armed forces. In order to ensure the communist party leading role in the armed forces, a political-educational department was set up in May 1943, which was transforme into a political party apparatus in November 1949. The Soviet models in the Polish People’s Army were widely present since the beginning of its formation in the USSR. Russian regulations and instructions were binding in military units created there. Russian military personnel played a vital role in the Polish People’s Army. At the beginning of 1956, Russian generals occupied almost all key positions in the Polish Military. In the first decade after the Second World War, the Polish Army constantly underwent strong political indoctrination. This process evidently intensified at the turn of the 40s and 50s. The political party apparatus and Military Information (Intelligence) used various indoctrinating methods towards all Polish Army personnel within their indoctrinate activity. Year 1956 began the process of transformation in Poland, broke away with t cult of the individual, started the process of going away from the Stalinism and farreaching sovietisation of Poland and its armed forces. Moreover, Marshall Konstanty Rokossowski and other numerous Russian generals and officers left the Polish Army.

12

40 lat Ośrodka Badawczo-Rozwojowego Urządzeń Mechanicznych OBRUM w służbie Wojska Polskiego

88%

Knapczyk H. , Szukalski B.

Szybkobieżne Pojazdy Gąsienicowe

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2009

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tom nr 1 (24)

7--16

PL

W artykule przedstawiono historię OBRUM sp. z o.o. i dorobek naukowo-techniczny, który powstał w 40-leciu działalności. Omówione zostały najważniejsze etapy w historii Ośrodka. Przedstawiono opracowane w Ośrodku wyroby, stanowiące istotny wkład w rozwój techniczny Wojska Polskiego.

EN

The paper presents the history of OBRUM Sp. z o. o. and scientific and technical works performed within 40 years of business. The most important stages in the Centre history have been discussed. One presented here products worked out in the Centre which represent significant contribution to technical development of the Polish Army.

13

Threats to the image of the Polish Army

88%

Klein G.

Central European Papers

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2019

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tom 7

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nr 1

51-69

EN

The article presents the most serious threats to the image of the Polish Army. The beginning of the research period was adopted in 2009 as the moment of starting the process of professionalization. It was a period in which missions outside the country were a particularly important threat to image. In the light of public opinion, nowadays the most serious threat is the partial politicization of the image of the army. After identifying the most serious image threats, the problem of researchers was formulated and expressed in the question: how people and institutions responsible for creating the image of the Polish Army should counteract to the most serious image threats? In this article, the recapitulated research was accompanied by the hypothesis that in order to counteract the most serious image threats, there should be an extension of civilian meaning and democratic control over the army. This control should include actions of state authorities protecting the military from the negative image-related effects of political decisions and ongoing political rivalry.

14

Polish foreign policy and role of the armed forces in geopolitical considerations of Lieutenant Colonel Tadeusz Zakrzewski addressed to Prime Minister Władysław Sikorski

88%

Miszewski D.

Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

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2016

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tom 51

|

nr 2

PL

Polish foreign policy and role of the armed forces in geopolitical considerations of Lieutenant Colonel Tadeusz Zakrzewski addressed to Prime Minister Władysław SikorskiIn January 1943, Commander-in-chief and Prime Minister of Poland, General Władysław Sikorski, received a memorandum on the objectives of the Polish foreign policy drawn up by Lieutenant Colonel Tadeusz Zakrzewski (1897–1964), former military attaché in Bucharest (1938–1940). The policy was founded on three pillars: the Polish Armed Forces, the Polish populace, and propaganda. He emphasised that Poland would achieve true victory with the consolidation of its independent existence within its pre-war borders in the east, and strategically expanded borders – at the expense of Germany (East Prussia, Opole Silesia) – in the west. Central and Eastern Europe was to be divided between Poland (Union of Central Europe: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Greece, and Hungary) and the USSR (Eastern Union: the USSR, Finland, Latvia, Estonia, and Bulgaria). Romania could choose between the two. Peace and security in the world would rely on the cooperation of regional powers and the relations of states supervised by an international organisation. The durability of the post-war order would be ensured by the universal adoption of democracy, the protection of human and minority rights, extensive trade in commodities and raw materials, and the isolation of warmonger states from the international community. Польская иностранная политика и роль армии в геополитических рассуждениях подполковника Тадеуша Закржевского, обращенных к премьер-министру генералу Владиславу СикорскомуБывший военный атташе в Бухаресте (1938–1940), подполковник Тадеуш Закржевский (1897–1964) в январе 1943 г. отправил главнокомандующему и премьер-министру генералу Владиславу Сикорскому докладную записку о целях польской иностранной политики. Ее основой он назначил: польскую армию, отношение страны к немецкому оккупанту и пропаганду польских целей войны. Он подчеркивал, что польской победой в войне должно стать укрепление независимости в довоенных границах на Востоке, расширенных стратегически и экономически за счет Германии (Восточная Пруссия, Опольская Силезия). Центральная и Восточная Европа должны были быть разделены между Польшу (Центральноевропейский Союз – Польша, Чехословакия, Югославия, Греция, Венгрия) и Советский Союз (Восточный Союз – СССР, Финляндия, Латвия, Эстония, Болгария). Румыния могла принадлежать или к Восточному или к Центральному Союзу. Мир и мировая безопасность опирались бы на сотрудничество держав и региональные союзы государств в рамках международной организации. Прочность послевоенной системы обеспечили бы: всеобщность демократии, права человека и национальных меньшинств, торговое и сырьевое сотрудничество, изолирование агрессора от международного общества.

15

Inscriptions on Military Flags in Poland: An Attempt at Forming a Typology

88%

Ptak J.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

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2019

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tom 67

|

nr 2: Historia - Selected Papers in English

133-171

EN

The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne 56 (2008), issue 2. This article is an attempt at systematizing the body of inscriptions that accompanied the heraldic and iconographic inscriptions on Polish military flags and standards in the course of past centuries. It presents the suggestion of dividing them into four groups. The first comprises property inscriptions, giving information about who the flag belonged to, who its owner was or who used it. In the second group are inscriptions called ‘funding’ ones; they contain data referring to the funders or makers of those objects. Commemorative inscriptions were included in group three; they commemorated important events connected with the history of the unit or with its tradition. The fourth group consists of inscriptions in the form of sentences, mottos or apostrophes, usually having a lofty and solemn character. In practice, inscriptions belonging to different groups often appear side by side on the same flag. Usually they contain important information and ideological content.

16

Z dziejów sowietyzacji i indoktrynacji Wojska Polskiego w latach 1949-1956

75%

Turkowski R.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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1999

|

tom Vol. 48, nr 3

78-98

PL

Artykuł dotyczy dziejów Wojska Polskiego po 1949 r. Przedstawiono w nim politykę kadrową władz kmunistycznych. Skupiono się na latach "władania" Wojskiem Polskim przez marszałka PRL - Konstantego Rokossowskiego. Zaprezentowano metody indoktrynacji i terroru stosowanego wobec żołnierzy i oficerów Wojska Polskiego przez "policyjny i polityczny" aparat PZPR, funkcjonujący w szeregach armii : Główny Zarząd Informacji Wojskowej i Główny Zarząd Polityczny Wojska Polskiego. Artykuł został oparty na źródłach archiwalnych wytworzonych przez KC PZPR i instytucje "policyjne i polityczne" funkcjonujące w armii.

EN

The paper presents the Polish Army history during the period following 1945. The politics concerning the staff performed by the communist authorities is presented. The study focuses on the years when marshal Konstanty Rokossowski (also nominated to marshal degree in the Polish Army) governed the Polish Army. There are presented the methods of indoctrination and terror imposed upon soldiers and officers of the Polish Army by the "police and political" apparatus of PZPR (the Polish United Workers Party) functioning in the army. These activities were coordinated by the General Administration for Military Information and the General Political Administration of the Polish Army. The paper was based on the archival sources of the Central Committee of PZPR and the "police and political" institutions functioning in the army.

17

A history of the Neisse Garrison

75%

Szulc T.

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

|

2019

|

tom Vol. 51, No. 3(193)

529--546

EN

The Neisse Garrison always held a strategic position starting with its establishment in the Early Middle Ages until the end of the 20th century. Its convenient location in the Sudety Foothills meant that it served defence functions protecting this area from both attacks from the north and the south. Over the centuries relations between the city and the military underwent numerous transformations depending on who controlled it. In the times of the Bishop’s Duchy and the rule of Habsburg only small troops stationed in the garrison, and the security of the whole area was provided by bulwarks. In 1741, after Neisse was seized by Frederick II, the town acquired enormous significance. The symbiosis between Neisse and the military, which lasted for the subsequent 260 years, had a considerable influence on the development and importance of the town. As a result of changes which took place in the Polish Army on the turn of the 20th and 21st century, the Neisse Garrison was closed down.

PL

Od momentu założenia we wczesnym średniowieczu aż do końca XX wieku Garnizon Nysa był strategicznym miejscem. Dogodna lokalizacja na Przedgórzu Sudeckim sprawiła, że Nysa pełniła funkcję obronną przed atakami zarówno z północy, jak i z południa. Na przestrzeni wieków relacje Nysy z wojskiem ulegały licznym przemianom w zależności od tego, kto sprawował funkcje włodarza miasta. W czasach Księstwa Biskupiego i panowania Habsburgów w garnizonie stacjonowały niewielkie oddziały wojska, a bezpieczeństwo regionu zapewniały wały obronne. W 1741 roku, po zajęciu Nysy przez Fryderyka II, ranga miasta jako ośrodka militarnego znacznie wzrosła. Symbioza Nysy z wojskiem, która trwała przez następne 260 lat, miała istotny wpływ na rozwój i znaczenie miasta. W wyniku przemian, które miały miejsce w Wojsku Polskim na przełomie XX i XXI wieku, Garnizon Nysa został zlikwidowany.

18

Fighting vehicles in Polish military contingents in Syria and former Yugoslavia in the years 1992-2016

75%

Ciechanowski G.

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

|

2019

|

tom Vol. 51, No. 3(193)

397--416

EN

The article presents the analysis of the use of military vehicles in Polish military contingents fulfilling their mandated tasks in the Middle East and former Yugoslavia. It encompasses the nature of operations conducted in these places and the resulting role of the vehicles used there. It also describes the history of their making and development, basic technical data and opinions about their use during the said tasks. The analysis comprised the following vehicles: Finnish Sisu XA-180, which is the prototype of KTO Rosomak and RG-31 Nyala vehicles originating from the Republic of South Africa and used by Polish military forces in the UNDOF mission. The group of machines which were part of the equipment used by contingents in missions in former Yugoslavia is represented by: Honker Tarpan off-road vehicle, AMZ Dzik-2 armoured vehicle, BRDM-2 reconnaissance patrol vehicle and BWP-1 infantry fighting vehicle.

PL

W artykule dokonano analizy użycia wozów bojowych w polskich kontyngentach wojskowych, realizujących swoje zadania mandatowe na Bliskim Wschodzie oraz na obszarze byłej Jugosławii. Przedstawiono charakter prowadzonych działań oraz wynikającą z niego rolę owych pojazdów. Opisano historię powstania i rozwoju wybranych wozów bojowych, scharakteryzowano podstawowe dane techniczne i przedstawiono opinie o ich użytkowaniu w czasie wykonywania wspomnianych zadań. Analizie poddano następujące pojazdy: fińskie Sisu XA-180, będące protoplastą KTO Rosomak oraz pochodzące z Republiki Południowej Afryki pojazdy RG-31 Nyala, które były używane przez Polaków w misji UNDOF. Grupę maszyn, będących na wyposażeniu kontyngentów pełniących służbę w misjach na terenie byłej Jugosławii, reprezentują: samochód terenowy Honker Tarpan, samochód opancerzony AMZ Dzik-2, pojazd rozpoznawczo-patrolowy BRDM-2 oraz bojowy wóz piechoty BWP-1.

19

Evaluation of health behaviors of Polish Army soldiers in relation to demographic factors, body weight and type of Armed Forces

75%

Gaździńska A. , Baran P. , Turczyńska M. , Jagielski P.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2023

|

tom 36

|

nr 4

437-449

EN

Objectives: The aim of this article is to assess the health behaviors of Polish Army soldiers participating in the National Health Programme 2016–2020 in relation to types of armed forces, BMI and selected demographic factors. Material and Methods: Anthropometric and questionnaire data were obtained in a group of 1229 soldiers of the Polish Armed Forces (PAF) from military units from all over Poland. Health behaviors patterns were assessed using the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI), developed by Juczyński. Results: The HBI of PAF soldiers was 79.9±12.68, indicating an average score. Statistically significant differences were found in the HBI values and in the individual categories of health behaviors according to the type of armed forces. The highest scores in each category of health behaviors were obtained by the Air Force (AF) soldiers. The lowest HBI score was obtained by the Land Forces and Territorial Defence Forces soldiers. Soldiers with higher education obtained significantly higher scores in such health categories as proper eating habits, preventive behaviors and health practices, compared to respondents with secondary education. Soldiers residing in cities had statistically significantly higher health behaviors intensities in all categories, compared to village residents. A significantly higher score in all health categories was noted in soldiers with normal body weight compared to those with diagnosed obesity. There was no significant relationship between the age of the respondents and health behaviors. Conclusions: The study found that factors such as type of armed forces, BMI, place of residence and education level were significant for the adoption of health behaviors by PAF. The level of health practices was significantly higher among AF soldiers compared to other types of armed forces. It seems necessary to further disseminate education on pro-health behaviors, especially among soldiers with obesity through participation in organized training and psychodietetic consultations as part of the National Health Programme.

20

Współczesne techniki, środki i sprzęt do minowania

75%

Ludas M.

Szybkobieżne Pojazdy Gąsienicowe

|

2009

|

tom nr 1 (24)

71--80

PL

W artykule omówiono nowe trendy w technice wojsk inżynieryjnych związane z procesem minowania oraz nowoczesne konstrukcje i systemy minowania wykorzystywane na świecie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem polskich rozwiązań.

EN

The paper presents new trends in technology of engineer troops connected with mine-laying and modern structures and mine laying systems used world-wide, with particular attention being paid to solutions employed in the Polish Army.