Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The Town Police and Police Regulations in Poland from the Thirteenth to the Sixteenth Century

100%

Suproniuk J.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2006

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tom 66

25-88

EN

The article discusses the introduction of increasingly expanded and detailed regulations relating to security and order in 13th century European towns, concerning predominantly curfews, the carrying of arms, and gambling. This process was discernible also in Polish towns, where the local regulations frequently, and with great precision, described the norms of the behaviour and conduct. In order to control the town population, execute the decisions of the town regulations, and supervise safety, municipal councils established assorted subordinate offices, including the town guard. The emergence of professional town services was the consequence of the progress of the medieval town. By absorbing immigrants arriving from various lands, the town could no longer rely on family ties, guild organisations or religious institutions. The municipal council took over control and the right to resort to violence in relation to the population. The range of the duties and competence of the town services assumed shape slowly. Representatives of the security apparatus comprised the actual police force involved in controlling the streets, the market square, and municipal fortifications, intervening in cases of clashes and brawls, as well as protecting the town hall and the city gates. It also fulfilled the function of a “trade” police, supervising the prices, weight, and quality of commodities, a 'fire service', controlling the equipment used for extinguishing fires, and prisonfunctionaries, escorting and guarding the inmates. The relatively small number of the services in question testify to the insufficient structural development of town offices. The seasonal nature of the work, the small remuneration, contacts with criminals, and felonies committed in the course of service affected the low social prestige of the representatives of the order-keeping services. Nonetheless, they remained a steady element of the model of security in the mediaeval and modern town, whose components included city regulations, municipal fortifications, and the order-keeping services. Upon certain occasions, this model was expanded by the confederations of towns.

2

POLICEMEN'S PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN PROVIDING FIRST AID (Doskonalenie zawodowe policjantow w zakresie udzielania pierwszej pomocy)

80%

Placzek A.

Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses

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2011

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tom 12

121-132

EN

Considering their moral, legal and official obligations, police officers are required to provide first aid to the needy. The article answers the question whether police officers are (being) properly trained to fulfill this task. Moreover, the author presents his self-invented method of teaching life-saving techniques. The studies presented in the paper were conducted using the knowledge test (PP-2010) with policemen of the Opole garrison as the subjects. The results, which have been related to the 88 non-commissioned officers selected from the surveyed group, have proved to be unsatisfactory. Yet, the author points out that it is just a part of ongoing studies, which may prove successful when the policemen will have a chance to put their newly acquired skills into practice

3

PERCEPTIONS OF THE POLICE: THE ROLE OF NEED FOR COGNITION AND NUMERACY

80%

Pham C. , Cheng J.

Studia Psychologica

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2020

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tom 62

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nr 4

314 – 334

EN

The public’s perceptions of the police are related to people’s willingness to obey the law and cooperate with law enforcement. Past research has found that demographics affect perceptions of the police. This study hypothesizes that those with a higher level of need for cognition and numeracy have more positive attitudes toward the police, possibly because they are more likely to recognize the importance and neces¬sity of the police. 443 U.S. residents participated in this study via MTurk in May 2019. The demographic variables of age, gender, education, race, income, political ideology and party affiliation were collected. Crime rate was estimated via zip code obtained by searching IP address. Participants also completed the need for cognition, subjective and objective sales. As a result, in addition to replicating the role of demographic variables and crime rate, the study found that after controlling for demographics and crime rate, perceptions of the police were positively related to need for cognition and subjective and objective nu¬meracy. Overall, this study indicates that thinking disposition and cognitive ability play a significant role in how the public perceives the police. The study also implies that perceptions of the police were a class issue. Future studies on hot social issues could extend their focus to cognitive factors.

4

PROTECTION OF NATIONAL HERITAGE IN THE LIGHT OF THE APPLICABLE LAW AND THE ACTIONS PROVIDED IN THIS AREA BY POLICE IN POLAND

80%

Dworzecki J. , Nowicka I. , Urbanek A. , Kwiatkowski A.

Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo

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2020

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tom 8

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nr 4

177 – 198

EN

The issue of national heritage is an inseparable element of the existence of every nation. The article presents the legal regulations aimed at the protection of cultural heritage in Poland, as well as statistical data relating to crime in this area. The solutions adopted by the Polish police in the field of the identifying and combating of crime against cultural property and national heritage are also described. Furthermore, the article highlights the most serious crime against the national heritage that has occurred in Poland in recent years. The subject article was prepared on the basis of the analysis of literature, existing legislation and two interviews with Polish police officers.

5

POLICE STATE – MADE-UP OR REAL SYMPTOMS? (Panstwo policyjne – symptomy wydumane czy realne?)

70%

Slawik K.

Ius Novum

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2010

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nr 3

7-16

EN

The examination of legal systems, including the so-called system of police law, indicates that there are many systems and institutions with authoritarian competence and power to control and use repressive measures. They have at their disposal many tactical and technical means that can be used unofficially and out of trial procedure (surveillance, phone-tapping, controlled purchase, use of legalization documents, etc.). Some organs sometimes have the same tasks and powers. There is also a tendency to establish new units although some of their tasks can be successfully fulfilled within the scope of activities of the already existing organizational units of the state. For common fear of terrorism, new ideas in the field of new surveillance techniques are invented across the world, including Poland. Public opinion was alarmed by the increasing imbalance between the aspiration of governments to protect public safety and the necessity to protect civil rights and freedoms. Due to that, the question about the appearance of symptoms of a police state development seems to be justified

6

„Zwischen zentraler Reformbestrebung und lokaler Reformanpassung“. Die Gestaltung der „Polizey“ in Brünn zur Zeit des Kaisers Leopold II. (1790–1792)

70%

Chvojka M.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2012

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tom 3

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nr 2

164-176

EN

This study focuses on the application of the Leopold-Sonnenfels model of the Habspurg police administration in Brno, the capital of the Moravia-Silesia province at the beginning of the 1790s. The author presents the reasons why this reform remained in the forementioned province just a mere attempt and the preceding Joseph-Pergen model remained in practice during the whole period being observed.

7

WOMEN IN UNIFORMES. SOME ASPECTS OF WOMEN ON DUTY IN ARMY, POLICE AND BORDER GUARDS (Kobiety w mundurze. Wybrane aspekty sluzby kobiet w wojsku, policji i Strazy Granicznej)

70%

Dojwa K.

Polityka Społeczna

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2009

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tom 36

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nr 1(418)

19-24

EN

Military, police, border guards, as well as fire, customs and prison services are among professions traditionally regarded as 'masculine'. Their range of duties and certain professional aspects made it almost impossible for women to be allowed to do these jobs, there were just a few women doing them. Nowadays it has changed due to both worldwide and European tendencies and people's expectations towards the above-mentioned services. The number of women in military, police, border guards and customs service systematically rises, women make bigger and bigger percentage of all female applicants and officials. As regards various groups within the said professions, at the level of recruitment and selection, as well as women service itself there are significant differences. The phenomenon of 'glass ceiling' is clearly noticeable as regards women taking high positions.

8

KONTROLA KRIMINALITY POLICAJTOV – VYVÁŽENOSŤ PREVENCIE A REPRESIE

60%

Kurilovská L. , Šišulák S.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2013

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tom 96

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nr 6

614 – 626

EN

The aim of this scholarly article is to advert on possibilities how to flexible control the delinquency of the police officers. The control should be based on a balance between repression and prevention of crime committed by police officers. This kind of control should originate from coordinated influence on causes and conditions, which support the formation of this delinquency, to prevent, to remove or to eliminate it. The emphasis is set on the social, situational and victimization prevention and from them arising forms, methods and possibilities of practical realization of the prevention of the delinquency committed by police officers. At the level of practical implementation of prevention is it important to come out from the three-level system of crime prevention. This system includes a national, regional and local level. Special place belongs also to the international cooperation in crime prevention of police officers, which should be basically introduced by the orientation of the Slovak Republic in the field of connecting all particular places dealing with prevention in order to establish a system of mutual exchange of information and experiences. The conclusion outlines key priorities, which could be named as concrete actions in the field of the social and situational prevention and their interconnetion especially at the regional level. Finally are described conditions, whose improvement in relation to prevention activities will possibly lead to qualitative development of prevention activities of the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic.

9

INVESTIGATION OF DIFFERENT NATURE OF ILLEGAL TRANSACTIONS IN UKRAINE (Vyvchennia riznoi pryrody nezakonnykh transaktsii v Ukraini)

60%

Abel P.

Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)

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2010

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nr 3

52-70

EN

Challenging the main reports that see corruption as an evil to eradicate in Ukraine, this article proposes that it would be beneficial to analyze and treat petty corruption that helps people to survive rather than enrich citizens, within the framework of gift exchange proposed by Marcel Mauss. To do so, this paper thus focuses on the three alleged most ‘corrupted' places in Ukraine: a university, a hospital, and a police control post, in order to develop a detailed analysis of the meanings of these transactions. Furthermore, it examines the particular role that social actors take within these arrangements to propose the recognition of a grey zone between corruptions as evident in the examples analyzed over the course of the paper.