Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Kinship construction variability among Nigerian international migrants: The context of contemporary Diaspora

100%

Akanle O. , Olutayo O.

Human Affairs

|

2011

|

tom 21

|

nr 4

470-480

EN

Understanding the selves, situations and actions of Africans can never be comprehended outside kinship. Local and foreign worldviews are first pigeonholed into culture and defined within kinship realities in Nigeria and Africa. There have been studies on kinship in Africa. However, the findings from such studies portrayed the immutability of African kinship. Thus, as an important contribution to the on-going engagement of kinship in the twenty-first century as an interface between the contemporary Diaspora, this article engaged kinship within international migration. This is a major behavioural and socio-economic force in Nigeria. Methodological triangulation was adopted as part of the research design and primary data were collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs), and life histories of international migrants were documented and focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with kin of returnees. The article found and concluded that while returnees continued to appreciate local kinship infrastructures, the infrastructures were liable to reconstruction primarily determined by dominant support situations in the traditional African kinship networks.

2

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in roadside sediments in Benin City, Nigeria

86%

Ihenyen A.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

|

1998

|

tom T. 24, z. 3

187-197

EN

Heavy metal pollution levels in roadside drains (gutters) along minor and major motorways in Benin City is evaluated using 23 surface sediment samples from roadside drains. The following trace metals: Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cu were studied. Results of univariante statistical analyses indicate a generally high trace metal concentration in all areas. The concentrations of Pb and Cu are particularly high in sediments from high density motorways. Medium and high density motorways sediments do not differ much in their Zn and Ni concentrations. The heavy metal Cr shows no glaring difference in concentration levels for all types of motorways. Multivariante technique involving cluster analysis classified the sample into three distinct groups corresponding to the type of motorways and approximate geographic location of the sampled areas. Anomalous concentrations of heavy metals in roadside drains are a source of worry since Benin City sits on the top of a prolific phreatic aquifer which is potentially vulnerable to high level of pollution

PL

Określono stężenia metali ciężkich (Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr i Cu) w osadach kanałów ściekowych wzdłuż dróg szybkiego ruchu w mieście Benin w Nigerii. Przy wysokiej koncentracji tych metali we wszystkich badanych obszarach, stężenia Pb i Cu są szczególnie wysokie w osadach z obszarów o dużym natężeniu ruchu drogowego; Zn i Ni nie różnią się pomiędzy obszarami o dużym i średnim natężeniu ruchu, a zawartość Cr w osadach jest taka sama przy wszystkich typach dróg. Wysokie stężenia metali ciężkich w osadach kanałów ściekowych są zagrożeniem dla zasobów wodnych Beninu, szczególnie w sytuacji lokalizacji tego miasta ponad poziomem wodonośnym, który jest przez to potencjalnie narażony na wysoki poziom tych chemicznych zanieczyszczeń

3

An Assessment of the Geometric Growth of Railway Transport in Nigeria. A Literature-based Study from 1970 and 2016

86%

Oluwakoya A. O. , Ogundipe S. D.

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

|

2021

|

tom nr 24(4)

30--40

EN

Rail transport offers a huge benefit to Nigeria’s socio-economic activities because of its capacity to pull huge volumes of freight and convey large numbers of passengers. Despite these, commerce and socio-economic cohesion have been badly affected as road transport still dominates in overland transport. The revitalization of the rail mode towards economy recovery has suffered greatly since the 1970s. This study examines the spatiotemporal development of the railways in Nigeria. The methodology comprises longitudinal research design spanning over 30 years, from 1970 to 2016. The study reveals the spatiotemporal influence of rail transportation on the spatial development of localities and cities by attracting passengers, cargoes, and revenue receipts. The findings reveals also that rail transportation is experiencing a remarkable transition but has not attained the optimal level in rail development and performance across the country. Therefore more investment and better management are still needed.

4

Does leverage affect the financial performance of Nigerian firms?

81%

Afolabi A. , Olabisi J. , Kajola S. O. , Asaolu T. O.

Journal of Economics and Management

|

2019

|

tom 37

5-22

EN

Aim/purpose – This study examines the relationship between leverage and financial performance of Nigerian firms between the years 2007 and 2016. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted ex-post facto research design to retrieve and study data for events which were already in existence. Inferential statistics adopted econometrics models with a concentration on panel data using regression analysis to achieve the three specific objectives of the study. The surrogates for the independent variable (financial leverage) were Debt Ratio (DR); Debt-Equity Ratio (DER); and Interest Cover Ratio (ICR) while Return on Capital Employed (ROCE), the only dependent variable, was used as financial performance proxy. Three control variables – Firm Size (SZ), Sales Growth (SG) and Growth in Gross Domestic Product (GGDP) were included in the model to capture other firms – specific and macroeconomic variables that may have an influence on the financial performance of the selected firms. Findings – The Random Effects Generalised Least Squares (REGLS) revealed a positive and significant effect between leverage (DR and DER) and ROCE (p < 0.05). However, ICR has a positive but insignificant effect on ROCE (p > 0.05). The outcome of the study was consistent with the Static trade-off theory of capital structure. Research implications/limitations – The study suggests that firms should continuously employ debt capital in order to benefit from available tax shields which ultimately enhance profitability. The limitation of the study is that only firms in the food and beverage sector in Nigerian business environment were covered by the study. Originality/value/contribution – The study contributed to the existing theory and literature by using empirical evidence from an emerging market to bridge the existing gap in knowledge of the effect of leverage on the performance of firms.

5

POLITICAL PARTIES AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION IN NIGERIA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

81%

Omamuyovwi A. I.

International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences

|

2020

|

tom 11(1)

223-230

EN

In a democratic environment, Political Parties are the fulcrum and focal instrument because it set the foundation or the platform for representation in government and politics of a people. As an institution that continuously seeks the control of state power and authority it then behoove on it to set the agenda of integration so as to synergize the strength of bonding for national achievement. However, this can only be achieved through its policy templates, true process of democratization and a more nationalistic outlook instead of sectionalism amidst others. Nigeria, as a country have been persistently challenged with the problem of achieving a common front due to the myriad of factors that continuously bifurcate every of its fiber or fabrics. Hence, this paper examines the role of political parties in achieving National integration in Nigeria. After using the primary and secondary sources of data collection analysis it was obvi-ous that political parties have continuously failed in integrating the society due to a strong hold on ethnic divides, corruption, unfulfilled promises, thuggery among other negative portraits. Thus, the paper recommends that political parties should reflect a national outlook instead of been primordial, therefore the independent national elec-toral commission should not register parties with parochial ideology more so, citizens should be encourage to massively participate in politics so as to enclose the possibility of election rigging. Political Parties, Integration, Democratization, Nigeria W środowisku demokratycznym partie polityczne są punktem odniesienia i głównym instrumentem, ponieważ stanowią podstawę lub platformę reprezentacji narodu w rządzie i polityce. Jako instytucja, która nieustannie poszukuje kontroli władzy i autorytetu państwa, zobowiązuje się następnie do wyznaczenia programu integracji, tak aby synergicznie zwiększyć siłę więzi dla narodowych osiągnięć. Można to jednak osiągnąć tylko dzięki szablonom politycznym, prawdziwemu procesowi demokratyzacji i bardziej nacjonalistycznym poglądom zamiast sekcjonalizmu pośród innych. Nigeria, jako kraj, nieustannie stawiała czoła problemowi osiągnięcia wspólnego frontu ze względu na niezliczone czynniki, które nieustannie rozszczepiają każde z jej „włókien”. Dlatego niniejszy artykuł analizuje rolę partii politycznych w osiąganiu integracji narodowej w Nigerii. Po skorzystaniu z pierwotnych i wtórnych źródeł analizy gromadzenia danych było oczywiste, że partiom politycznym nieustannie zawodziła integracja społeczeństwa ze względu na silne trzymanie się podziałów etnicznych, korupcję, niespełnione obietnice, przestępczość i inne negatywne czynniki. W artykule zaleca się, aby partie polityczne odzwierciedlały poglądy narodowe. Niezależna krajowa komisja wyborcza nie powinna rejestrować partii tylko „o ideologii zaściankowej”. Należy zachęcać obywateli do masowego udziału w polityce, tak aby ograniczyć możliwość fałszerstw wyborczych. Partie polityczne, integracja, demokratyzacja, Nigeria

6

Nigerian Civil War and Britain’s Peace Initiative, 1967–1970

81%

Abolorunde A. S.

West Bohemian Historical Review

|

2019

|

tom 9

|

nr 1

87-107

EN

The outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War few years after the attainment of independence from Britain further deepened the interest of the latter in Nigeria’s existence as a nation. Scholars of disciplines such as history, political science and international relations through their works, have examined the nature and dimensions of Nigeria’s relations with Britain as well as the British involvement in the Nigerian Civil War. Foreign policy formulation, colonial legacies, economic ties, are typical examples of the nature of Nigeria’s relations with Britain. Similarly, scholars have interrogated the roles of Britain in the Nigerian Civil War through multilateral efforts at the United Nations and Commonwealth of Nations, propaganda, protection of the British economic interests in Nigeria, British military initiative as well as the pressure of the Cold War as the basis for prompt British intervention in the war. However, comprehensive intellectual attention has not been paid to the British peace initiative outside the multilateral conflict resolution structure. It is against this backdrop that this paper interrogates the nature and dimension of British peace initiative strategy which brought an end to the Nigerian Civil War. The paper argues in its conclusion that the failure of the multilateral approach of the British was salvaged by the unilateral British bureaucratic strategy that was enhanced by their colonial legacies in Nigeria.

7

A supply chain assessment of logistics development drivers of South Eastern Nigeria

81%

Onyemechi C.

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

|

2019

|

tom Vol. 4, No. 2

32--36

EN

Trade facilitation projects of UNCTAD abound in West Africa. However the implementation thereof has rested in the hands of private sponsored agencies working in the region .One of this includes Bordeless West Africa. Programmes has also been instituted to favour port to hinterland trade even though the implementation has been very poor. Proper implementation of trade facilitation programmes in the region thus require immense study of trade movements, supply chain analysis with a view to improving the logistics and transport components of the entire process. Given the above, it makes sense therefore to sensitize the human element components of the logistics sub sector who also are the drivers of the distribution networks in the region on trade facilitation best practices worldwide. With respect to the port sector, the subject of port regulation though new in Nigeria places emphasis on the knowledge sector. The role of the regulator here is to prevent the new oligopolistic ports from acts that reflects monopoly. In this perspective a study that will reduce the port operators monopolistic instincts becomes always necessary. In such a study the port operators will be made to present areas where they have actually adopted inclusiveness policies by outsourcing such activities as tug operations and similar contracts to local operators, in the presence of stakeholders. The other aspect of trade facilitation relative to ports has to do with the role of river ports on the facilitation of hinterland intermodal traffic flow. This aspect is currently referred to as regionalization. In this perspective the regulation of river ports when concessioned and desirable qualities that river port concessionaires should possess will come into play.

8

DEMOKRACJA I ROZWÓJ NARODOWY CZWARTEJ REPUBLIKI NIGERII: STUDIUM EMPIRYCZNE

81%

Adagbabiri M. M. , Okolie U. C.

International Journal of Legal Studies (IJOLS)

|

2019

|

tom 5(1)

123-146

PL

Demokracja jako teoria, która ustanawia pewne podstawowe zasady, zgodnie z którymi należy prowadzić dobry rząd, niezależnie od jego formy, oferuje dobrą perspektywę osiągnięcia rozwoju narodowego szczególnie heterogenicznych społeczeństw. Wspólną cechą rządów demokratycznych jest nacisk na poprawę dobrobytu społeczno-gospodarczego ludzi, co jest równoznaczne z ideą rozwoju narodowego. Demokracja jest priorytetem na całym świecie, ponieważ zakłada się, że działa ona jak magiczna różdżka do skutecznego radzenia sobie z konfliktami. Nigeria nie ma jednak wielu dobrych doświadczeń z demokracją. Podczas gdy przemoc etnoreligijna jest powszechna w polityce, gospodarka pozostaje nękana skrajną biedą. Powszechne oczekiwania, że demokracja rozwiąże wszystkie te wyzwania, w dużej mierze nie zostały osiągnięte. Dlatego też niniejsze badanie dotyczyło wpływu demokracji na rozwój narodowy w Czwartej Republice Nigerii. Przyjęto metodę opisową, a dane przekrojowe zebrano w dwudziestu pięciu Jednostkach Samorządu Terytorialnego w stanie Delta za pomocą ustrukturyzowanego kwestionariusza, którym przebadano 400 respondentów. Zastosowano nieprobabilistyczne techniki próbkowania. Dane analizowano za pomocą analizy korelacji i regresji Pearsona. Wyniki badania ujawniły pozytywny i znaczący związek między demokracją a rozwojem narodowym w czwartej republice Nigerii. Dlatego zaleca się między innymi, aby przywódcy polityczni przestrzegali podstawowych zasad demokracji i konstytucjonalizmu, aby promować praworządność i wspierać rozwój narodowy.

9

Unemployment, poverty and economic growth in Nigeria

81%

Adelowokan O. A. , Maku O. E. , Babasanya A. O. , Adesoye A. B.

Journal of Economics and Management

|

2019

|

tom 35

5-17

EN

Aim/purpose – This study investigates the links between unemployment, poverty and economic growth in Nigeria between the periods, 1985-2015. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employed the Augment Dickey Fuller test for unit root test, Johansen cointegration for cointegration, Ganger causality for causality test and Error Correction Model to establish the short-run links between the variables. Findings – The unit root test result revealed that the variables trend with time indicating their failure of integration at level. However, they were found to be stationary at first difference. The causality result revealed that there is no causal relationship between unemployment, poverty and growth in Nigeria. Similarly, the cointegration results showed that there is no long-run relationship between unemployment, poverty and economic growth in Nigeria. The short-run parameter estimates indicated that unemployment has a negative and significant relationship with growth. However, the coefficient of the interaction between unemployment and poverty is positive and significant at the conventional level. Research implication/limitations – This study suggest that the output growth in the country will occur even if there are poor people as defined in absolute terms. The economy will still expand even if the number of poor people increases. This is also the case in the short run, revealing that the economy has grown even though over the years, the numbers of poor people have increased. Thus, there is a need for stable macroeconomic policies that would ensure equal distribution of income so that the poor also benefits from the country’s growth. Originality/value/contribution – This study empirically examines the contribution of output growth towards employment generation and poverty reduction using data sets from the Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics and World Bank.

10

Budowa nowej Stoczni Remontowej "Nigerdock II" w Lagos w Nigerii

81%

Drążkiewicz J.

Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika

|

1999

|

tom nr 4

192-198

11

Nigeria’s Foreign Reserves and the Challenges of Development, 1960–2010

81%

Aborisade A. S.

West Bohemian Historical Review

|

2018

|

tom 8

|

nr 1

89-112

EN

Since independence in 1960, the Nigerian state has struggled to earn for itself a respectable position globally. Scholars of various disciplines such as economics, political science, sociology and history through their works, have examined those resources that enhance the country’s economic potentials. Resources such as cocoa, groundnut, palm oil and palm kernel which served as the country’s export potentials as well as foreign exchange earnings before crude oil export became the kernel of Nigeria’s foreign exchange earnings in the 1970s are typical examples of the country’s exports that had boosted its foreign reserves in the past. Similarly, scholars of various disciplines since crude oil became the backbone of the country’s economy have made attempts at charting new approaches through which the country’s exports can be enhanced vis-à-vis its foreign reserves. These include effective and functional refineries, maximum exploitation of other items such as gas as embedded in the country’s crude exports, deregulation of both upstream and downstream sectors of the oil industry as well as the exploitation of non-oil sectors for exports. However, adequate and comprehensive intellectual attention has not been paid to the connection between the vicissitudes and diversities of Nigeria’s foreign reserves and the country’s economic development. It is against this backdrop that this paper interrogates the nature of Nigeria’s economic development from the perspective of its foreign reserves. The paper argues in its conclusion that Nigeria’s development prospects and challenges are tied to the management of its foreign reserves by the successive administrations since 1960.

12

Tropical medicine in practice. Polish-Nigerian bridge

81%

Van Damme-Ostapowicz K. , Krajewska-Kułak E. , Edeh E. , Tomaszewski R. , Nwosu P.

Progress in Health Sciences

|

2011

|

tom 1

|

nr 1

148-152

EN

The purpose of this paper is to draw the attention of readers to culture, tradition and education in Nigeria. The author shares her own experience from a course on tropical medicine in Nigeria, held in the Institute of Tropical Medicine at the Madonna University in Elele. Initiation of systematic cooperation between schools of higher education in the European Union and those in third countries is recommended, as well as promotion of dialogue and strengthening of understanding between nations and cultures, which is one of the objectives of the Erasmus Mundus program adopted by the European Parliament. The cooperation with Madonna University may facilitate fulfilment of those priorities of the European Union in the scope of higher education, and initiate contacts that do not create frustration or mass migration, but develop intercultural dialogue.

13

Climate change issues and implications for sustainable development in a Coastal Area of Nigeria

81%

Eti-Ido U. , Wilcox Rogers I. , Akadi A. P.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

|

2015

|

tom 49

14

Managing Smallpox Outbreak: Colonial Authorities and Medical Policies in Southwestern Nigeria, 1903–1960

81%

Fagite D. D.

West Bohemian Historical Review

|

2022

|

tom 12

|

nr 2

141-158

EN

Of all the colonial involvements in Africa, public health and addressing outbreaks of infectious diseases were among the important issues in the handling of local administration for both colonial regimes and the medical community. Colonial efforts to deal with health in Africa were closely related to the economic interests of the colonialists. Health was not an end in itself, but rather a prerequisite for colonial development. Colonial medicine was primarily concerned with maintaining the health of Europeans living in Africa, because they were viewed as essential to the colonial project’s success. The health of the colonized subjects was only a concern when their ill-health threatened colonial economic enterprises or the health of Europeans. Such was the case of smallpox epidemic and the subsequent reaction to its prevention and management. As a result, the control of smallpox marked the first occasion during which preventive health measures had been used successfully against an infectious disease. Against this backdrop, this article explores the British perception of smallpox which dictated the choice of anti-smallpox epidemic measures. Subsequently, the paper will examine colonial efforts at controlling and managing smallpox outbreak in Southwestern Nigeria through its various medical policies.

15

Attempt to apply methods of analysis of satellite images and elevation models for regionalization and valorization (case study of Nigeria)

81%

Nita J. , Myga-Piątek U.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

|

2008

|

tom nr 8

173--182

EN

The aim of the presentation is an attempt of a new approach to the matters of regionalization of geographical space and valorization of scenic units made from the outside reference point (in the orthogonal grid). Such an opportunity to take a look from another perspective is given by analysis of aerial and satellite photos, and DTM. Regardless of the adopted way of perceiving the landscape: either as a peculiar spatial structural-material unit (an approach typical of natural sciences), or a physiognomic approach (typical of humanist and technical sciences), the landscape requires appropriate categorization and evaluation. The presentation shows methods which allow for multi-criterion evaluation of spatial units, and then basing on this, suggest possibilities of new spatial divisions. From the point of view of analysis of Sat images and DTM, the most important methods include: Cartographic methods, like: bonitation method, matrix method of determining landscape value, landscape model as surface features, method of determining boundaries and ranges of scenic units, their features, intensity, needs, significance, relations, etc., method of cartometric determination of outlines of objects (scenic units) as basic fields of evaluation – determination of shape and size; Terrain methods used mainly in landscape architecture, like: method of scenic interiors and units, method of impression curve by Wejchert, method of rural landscape classification by Sóhngen, “photographic” method by Cymerman and Hopper, Methods of landscape evaluation based on the infrastructure value (landscape as an element of the cultural-architectonical value) e.g. evaluation and valorization of landscape by means of assessing the value of object included in it, e.g. property, building structures, monuments; Methods of functional evaluation e.g. agricultural, forest, urban, etc.; Methods of evaluation of the photo-tonal value (colour range); Methods of landscape evaluation by means of selected statistical parameters (e.g.) basing on provisions of the fuzzy set theory for the value of space represented by the open space index, characterized by parameters of descriptive statistics. These methods will be presented using several examples of open space value estimation procedures in LandSat photos and DEM models from the region of Nigeria. The presentation will continue with selected methods being used for identifycation and determination of the range of uniform scenic value zones and transitional zones. Cartometric extractions of outlines of scenic units as basic fields of evaluation will be shown, types of landscape discussed and basic statistics describing its structure presented. The authors will also refer to the issues of limits of landscape use and their practical meaning, e.g. in tourist terms. At attempt of classification and valorization of separated fields has been presented, along with estimation of the level of their uniformity, rank and usability.

16

Impact of Globalization on Financial Development in Nigeria

81%

Ajayi J. A. , Musyimi K. S.

Financial Law Review

|

2022

|

tom 25

|

nr 1

158-178

EN

This study examines the impact of globalization on Nigerian financial development with particular reference to foreign direct investment, trade openness, exchange rate, government expenditure, interest rate and inflation. The statistical data used for the study were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria publications and [Statistical Bulletin 2020] and [World Development Indicators 2020]. The study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Major findings from the study show that foreign direct investment, trade openness and government expenditure have a positive and significant impact on financial development in Nigeria while exchange rate, interest rate and inflation rate have a negative significant impact on Nigerian financial development. It is recommended that Nigeria must face the challenges of globalization. For a country to belong to the race, major changes and restructuring are imperative, hence, Nigeria must develop the internal structure and the will to adopt those policies that brought about the benefits from globalization.

17

Intra-annual climate variability and malaria transmission in Nigeria

81%

Ayanlade A. , Olugbade Adeoye N. , Babatimehin O.

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

|

2013

|

tom 21

|

nr 21

7-19

EN

This study develops an integrated innovation for malaria early warning systems (MEWS), based on vulnerability monitoring, seasonal climate variability data, and epidemiologic surveillance. The main aim of the study is to examine the relationship between intra-annual climate variability and malaria transmission in Nigeria. For this study, climatic conditions considered suitable for the development of the malaria parasite and its transmission through the mosquito stage of its life cycle are temperatures within the range from 18°C to 32°C. Below 18°C the parasite development decreases significantly, while above 32°C the survival of the mosquito is compromised. Relative humidity greater than 60% is also considered a requirement for the mosquito to survive long enough for the parasite to develop sufficiently to be transmitted to its human host stage. The research findings show that seasonality of climate greatly influences the seasonality of malaria transmission. Specifically, rainfall plays an important role in the distribution and maintenance of breeding sites for the mosquito vector. Rainfall and surface water is required for the egg laying and larval stages of the mosquito life cycle and monthly rainfall above 80 mm is considered a requirement. Also, it is temperature that regulates the development rate of both the mosquito larvae and the malaria parasite (Plasmodium species) within the mosquito host. Relative humidity and temperature play an important role in the survival and longevity of the mosquito vector. This study is in conformity with the findings of the IPCC (2001) that malaria is caused by four distinct species of the Plasmodium parasite, transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles, which are most abundant in tropical/subtropical regions, although they are also found in limited numbers in temperate climates.

18

Isolation and antifungal sensitivity to Candida isolates in young females

81%

Adesiji Y. , Ndukwe N. , Okanlawon B.

Open Medicine

|

2011

|

tom 6

|

nr 2

172-176

EN

A survey of 104 sexually active young females tested on on cervico-vaginal swabs showed that 26 of the females (25%) had vulvovaginal candidiasis with a species distribution of Candida isolates accounting for 13 (50%) with C. albicans, 6 (23%) with C. glabrata, 1 (4%) with C. krusei, and 6 (23%) with C. tropicalis. Of the 26 (25 %) subjects that were positive for VVC, 8 (7.8 %) were symptomatic and 18 (18.8 %) were asymptomatic. However, distribution among different age groups revealed an increase in the 23–27 age group. The comparative analysis of sensitivity of the given fungi to the number of antimycotic preparations used revealed the following: in fluconazole, 2 (7.8%) isolates were sensitive, 5 (19.2%) were susceptible and dose dependent, and 19 (73%) were resistant. For voriconazole, 4 (18.4%) isolates were sensitive, 6 (23.1%) were susceptible and dose dependent, and 16 (61.5%) were resistant. For nystatin, 5 (19.2%) isolates were sensitive, 10 (38.5%) were susceptible and dose dependent, and 11 (42.3%) were resistant. It appears that Candida isolates have a variable resistance response, but 19 (73%) had maximum resistance of the isolated fungi of the genus Candida to fluconazole. Therefore, further studies on the evaluation of combination therapy should be considered for a better outcome in treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

19

Electricity consumption and its determinants in Nigeria

81%

Onisanwa I. D. , Adaji M. O.

Journal of Economics and Management

|

2020

|

tom 41

87-104

EN

Aim/purpose – Low and fluctuating income coupled with epileptic supply of electricity and rising demand for electricity make determinants of electricity consumption an important issue in developing economies such as Nigeria; given that electricity is essential for the development of any economy. This paper, therefore, examines the determinants of electricity consumption in Nigeria with emphasis on income per capita, number of electricity customers, and electricity distribution shortages. Design/methodology/approach – The study is anchored on the Utility Maximising Behaviour of consumers given their level of income. Data were sourced from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database and World Development Indicator, 2018. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique was used in estimating the factors influencing electricity consumption in Nigeria over the period between 1981 and 2017. Findings – The result reveals that the major propellers of electricity consumption in the long-run in Nigeria are per capita income, population per square kilometre, number of electricity customers as well as electricity shortages. The result refutes the hypothesis that electricity consumption increases with the rising level of income. Electricity consumption increased with the increasing number of population in a given area and the number of electricity customers, while electricity shortages distribution has a differential effect in the short run and long run. Research implications/limitations – Lack of reliable household level data capturing per unit price of electricity, and other determinants of electricity consumption in Nigeria implies the analysis is to be carried out on the macro level. A micro-level analysis will be more beneficial in arriving at clearer estimates of demand for electricity in Nigeria. Similarly, there are other factors that influence demand for electricity in Nigeria which are not readily available, hence the need to interpret the result with caveat. Originality/value/contribution – The research focused on the determinants of electrici-ty consumption instead of energy that has been extensively researched. It contributed to the existing literature on the determinants of electricity consumption in Nigeria by in-cluding electricity distribution shortages, number of electricity customers, and population per square kilometre.

20

Roger Blench and Stuart McGill (eds.), Advances in Minority Language Research in Nigeria, vol. I, African Languages Monographs, Kay Williamson Educational Foundation, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2012, 372 pp.

81%

Pawlak N.

Studies in African Languages and Cultures

|

2012

|

nr 46

117-123

EN

A review of a book by Roger Blench and Stuart McGill (eds.) "Advances in Minority Language Research in Nigeria".