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Rzeczownik odsłowny w arabskim i hebrajskim – porównanie

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Król I. , Piela M.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

2019

nr 2 (270)

129-146

We compared the use of verbal nouns in Modern Standard Arabic and Modern Hebrew. The main source of examples were two novels by Amos Oz (My Michael, A Tale of Love and Darkness) and their Arabic translations. In Modern Hebrew there are four types of verbal nouns, according to their grammatical features, syntactic functions and stylistic value: 1. deverbal noun ktiva ‘writing’, 2. gerund beħotvo ‘during his writing’, 3. infinitive liħtov ‘to write’ and 4. adverb katov ‘[while] writing’. In Modern Standard Arabic all verbal nouns display similar grammatical features and have similar syntactic functions. The Arabic verbal noun is an exact functional equivalent of the Hebrew deverbal noun ktiva. Other Hebrew verbal nouns are translated into Arabic as finite verbs or active participles, less frequently as verbal nouns. As far as the verbal noun is concerned, the most important difference between the two languages is the existence of the infinitive in Hebrew, a form that is lacking in Arabic. We also noticed that the Hebrew verbal nouns are stylistically diverse (contrary to the Arabic ones), what creates difficulty in achieving translational equivalence in terms of style.

Conditional Random Fields Applied to Arabic Orthographic-Phonetic Transcription

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Cherifi E.-H. , Guerti M.

Archives of Acoustics

2021

tom Vol. 46, No. 2

237--247

Orthographic-To-Phonetic (O2P) Transcription is the process of learning the relationship between the written word and its phonetic transcription. It is a necessary part of Text-To-Speech (TTS) systems and it plays an important role in handling Out-Of-Vocabulary (OOV) words in Automatic Speech Recognition systems. The O2P is a complex task, because for many languages, the correspondence between the orthography and its phonetic transcription is not completely consistent. Over time, the techniques used to tackle this problem have evolved, from earlier rules based systems to the current more sophisticated machine learning approaches. In this paper, we propose an approach for Arabic O2P Conversion based on a probabilistic method: Conditional Random Fields (CRF). We discuss the results and experiments of this method apply on a pronunciation dictionary of the Most Commonly used Arabic Words, a database that we called (MCAW-Dic). MCAW-Dic contains over 35 000 words in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and their pronunciation, a database that we have developed by ourselves assisted by phoneticians and linguists from the University of Tlemcen. The results achieved are very satisfactory and point the way towards future innovations. Indeed, in all our tests, the score was between 11 and 15% error rate on the transcription of phonemes (Phoneme Error Rate). We could improve this result by including a large context, but in this case, we encountered memory limitations and calculation difficulties.

Semantyczna gramatyka kontrastywna arabsko-polska: nowe możliwości badawcze dla arabisty w XXI w.

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Król I.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

2014

nr 3-4

138-148

This paper is aimed at demonstrating that semantic-based contrastive analysis of Polish and Arabic can result in a new insight into the system of Arabic. Comparing Arabic with a language that is different both genetically and structurally, one can notice features that usually escape one’s attention. Discussing the categories of names of subjects and actions, this paper demonstrates that a comparison of the descriptions of analogous categories in Polish and Arabic grammar texts allows to cover more linguistic phenomena. It classifies derivatives according to the semantic criteria and takes into account all the possible means of expression – also those ignored by previous studies. This method makes it possible to demonstrate that in Arabic the so-called paradigmatic derivation is a highly productive word-formation technique, transforming adjectives and participles (both active and passive) into names of subjects, means, actions, places, objects, results and others. This analysis can serve as an introduction to theoretical studies that will be helpful in describing the Arabic language at all levels anew. It can also have practical application in teaching of Arabic particularly at Polish universities.

Quandaries over the morphonology of the verb in modern standard Arabic and Tunisian Arabic: a tentative draft

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Bańczerowski J. , Oueslati J.

Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia

2020

tom 20

Brought up for discussion are problems of general and particular mor(pho)phonology. First, some linguistic terms are clarified, and the status of morphophonology as a linguistic subdiscipline is considered. The particular morphophonological part, referring to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Tunisian Arabic (TA), is topic oriented and it treats in succession: the structure of the verb forms, the relation of homoradicality (homolexicality) specifying the corresponding paradigmatization, and the intra- and interparadigmatic relations. In terms of the former of these relations the concept of morphoneme is defined, and among the latter morphophonological convergence and analogy as well as thematogen homoaffixality are distinguished. Finally, the dynamics of morphophonological space, morphonemic and morphonic representations are touched upon.