Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Elites and Differential Development in Brazil

100%

Dickovick J. T.

Studia Polityczne (Political Studies)

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2007

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nr 19

73-94

EN

The author examines why some states (estados) in Brazil have developed modernizing, progressive political cultures and policies that are inclusive and pluralistic, while other neighboring states and municipalities retain traditional and oligarchic patterns of rule. The variations between estados emerge in the historical context of Brazil's decentralized political system. The central hypothesis is that contemporary politics may be traced to 19th century patterns of economic production. The long-term effects on governance that may be found in the economic orientation of different state and local economies, and, in particular, the relative vulnerability of dominant agricultural products to loss through natural catastrophe are examined. These different economic experiences enable the persistence of oligarchs in some states and the breaking of oligarchic power (and enabling of the advent of greater pluralism) in others. The central comparison is between the politically modernized state of Ceará and the more oligarchic states of Pernambuco, Paraíba, Bahia, and Maranhao. Following the work of Josenio Parente, it is argued that Ceará's economic elite was weakened over time by the collapse of cotton harvests as a result of drought, leading to more modernizing governance. Meanwhile, traditional elites in the other estados remained intact through the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of more favorable patterns of agricultural production with less vulnerability to catastrophic failure.

2

'WE BECAME THE CITIZENS OF A GREAT CITY'. THE SPACE CHANGES THAT TOOK PLACE IN THE CENTER OF WROCLAW IN THE SECOND PART OF THE 19TH CENTURY ('Stalismy sie obywatelami wielkiego miasta'. Przemiany przestrzenne centrum Wroclawia po polowie XIX w.)

80%

Zablocka-Kos A.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2010

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tom 65

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nr 3

297-320

EN

In the 1860ties fundamental decisions were taken about the area of the Old Town which prepared the ground for functions typical for a city center. In the same time sub-urban communities became the part of the city, and contributed to create a great urban organism connected by the modern infrastructure (streets and bridges, sewer and sanitation, bus and tram service). These decisions are still the ground for spatial and functional development of Wroclaw. The author concentrated on some construction investments at the city, crucial for its developing: 1. Modernization of the North-South axis (swidnicka-Kuznicza streets) which became the main communication and commerce route dominating in the traditional medieval East-West axis (Olawska-Ruska streets) , 2. Gaining of new construction areas by clearance of functions inconvenient for city (assailing of the intern moat and modernization of the external moat, disposal of the hospitals, garrisons, stables and cemeteries at former glacis), 3. Beautifying of the Old Town area (Pannier Bastion was changed into Liebichshoehe, today Partisans' Hill). A complex of luxurious houses and a hotel were built in the place of the former city stables in swidnicka street. One of the most well-to-do merchant families - the Sachses - built en elegant rent house opposite to the City Theatre, where the Holy Trinity Hospital was situated before. These investments were the starting point for future modernization of the whole street. They show how, gradually, new areas of the urban space were 'appropriated' by the richest classes that competed with the municipal administration. The Pannier Bastion was specially exposed within the urban space. The idea of the local artist Carl Weitz in 1865 was to built the Acropolis of Science, Arts and Craft on the top of the Bastion, a huge quadratic building housing all artistic institutions, a school, museums and even a concert hall included. It was not carried out, because thanks to the initiative and funds of the beet-sugar factory owner Adolph Liebich a beautiful Belvedere with columns was created. New monuments in patriotic style (Nike, Germania and Wilhelm I) accompanied architectonic changes and were a symbolic completing of the artistic contribution at the Old Town.

3

The effect of modernization on the field of human values

80%

Keller T.

Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)

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2007

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tom 17

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nr 3-4

14-37

EN

The majority in the theoretical field of modernization regards the effect of modernization as a linear process. This statement is also true for those theories which specify at least two successive processes within modernization. In this analysis the author was able to create an index to measure all the effects of modernization at once. Using the fourth wave of the World Value Survey, and with evidence from more than sixty countries around the world, he measured modernization in the GDP PPP of a particular country. With this independent variable he wanted to understand the value change - as the dependent variable - in the defined country. An index was created containing the linear combination of traditional and post-modern values as well. According to the results of the main model it was concluded that the effect of modernization on human value change is not linear but rather it has a quadratic component.

4

REVITALIZATION - BETWEEN THE MODERNIZATION AND DEGRADATION OF THE URBAN STRUCTURE. THE EXAMPLE OF THE MODERNIZATION OF TUMSKA STREET IN PLOCK (Polish title - below)

80%

Podgorski M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2009

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tom 53

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nr 2

61-76

EN

(Title in Polish - 'Rewitalizacja - pomiedzy odnowa a degradacja tkanki miejskiej. Przyklad modernizacji ulicy Tumskiej w Plocku'). The author takes a critical approach to some concepts of revitalization of neglected down town areas. He analyses the concepts of revitalization and modernization of the urban space. He warns against the revitalization by interference in the established aesthetic order - the new arrangements should refer to the earlier order and the aesthetic parameters of the neighbourhood.

5

Forum: Questions about social order

80%

Aniol W. , Nieciunski W. , Baszkiewicz J. , Dziewiecka-Bokun L. , Ejsmond Z. , Frieske K. W. , Gilejko L. , Horodenski R. , Kabaj M. , Kowalik T. , Kozlowski , P. , Markiewicz W. , Modzelewski W. , Morawski W. , Morecka Z. , Rakowski M. , Sadowski A. , Sadowski Z. , Stasiak A. , Tabin M. , Wilkin J.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2004

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nr 6

13-124

EN

The special feature of this issue is debate concerning explanations of the new social order in Poland and remedies to its internal problems after 1989. Professor W. Nieciunski wrote an essay based on five important and basic questions about social order and modernization of Poland. What were the sources of 1989 revolution and decay of the state socialism in the Soviet Union? What changes occurred during restitution of capitalism (systemic transformation) and what consequences did they have? What antagonisms and conflicts shape Poland's external environment? What kind of goals and activities for modernization should we promote to remove Poland's civilizational delay? What systemic arrangements can ensure conciliatory resolution of unavoidable internal conflicts as well as creation of conditions favorable to general progress of Polish society and realization of goals necessary for modernization? Twenty prominent figures from Polish academic community agreed to answer and to discuss points made by professor W. Nieciunski.

6

CHANGES IN THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND THE EMERGING MIDDLE CLASS IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

80%

Jaguscik J.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2008

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nr 4(191)

91-111

EN

The article presents the development of social stratification research in China and theoretical findings of leading Chinese sociologists. The opening reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978 effected profound changes in Chinese social structure. One of the main results of the reforms was the emergence of middle class, whose part in the social structure is, however, far from sufficient. Underdevelopment of the middle class, lack of access to educational opportunities and high employment in agriculture are the main structural problems of China which will need to be solved in the days to come.

7

MODERNISATION PROCESSES IN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AREAS IN POLAND

80%

Chylek E. K.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

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2005

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nr 3(128)

9-20

EN

Modernization processes in the agro-food sector and rural areas in Poland, in compliance with challenges and versatile conditions, are a fundamental and, at the same time, very complex problem. A strong influence on the direction of activities launched to modernize agriculture, agricultural markets and rural areas is also exerted by processes connected with the globalization of economic systems, integration with European Communities, and macroeconomic solutions resulting from the decisions of the World Trade Organization. Taking into consideration all these conditions the stimulation of the modernization process in this sector becomes an important task for state policy. The experience to-date suggests that the present policy of financing research and development (R&D) is conditioned by many dependencies and has not produced, as for the time being, fully satisfactory results in the form of significant improvements or a faster rate of implementation of modernization processes in Poland's agricultural sector and rural areas.

8

THE JEWISH POPULATION AS A FACTOR IN THE HISTORY OF THE MODERNIZATION PROCESS IN WROCLAW UP TILL THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY (Zydzi jako czynnik procesów modernizacyjnych w dziejach Wroclawia do poczatku XIX wieku)

80%

Ziatkowski L.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2010

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tom 65

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nr 3

285-295

EN

Thomas Nipperdey formulated a set of modernization features that became generally accepted in modern research of the history of Jewish communities, as distinctive attributes of the passing from 'ghetto' community to the post-emancipation society. A process of demographic revolution, elimination of illiteracy and secularization and replacing the old religious elite by 'new' intellectual elite unfolded in Wroclaw considerably earlier than, generally, within the Christian community of Europe. In the earliest period (early Piast dynasty) the presence of Jews in Wroclaw brought new laws that formalized their special status as a separated part of population. Perhaps, it was an example or a model for future solutions during so called 'colonization on the German law' or during forming the feudal system in Silesia. The Jewish community within the feudal system was treated specifically. Their position required a detailed description and, in consequence, brought new legislation. Peddling by Jews caused malfunctioning of a regulated economic system in the Middle Ages and early modern times. They were accused of unfair competition. It led to persecution and expulsion. Finally they became useful in forming modern state structures as court factors who attracted the capital and distributed lots of commodities produced in workshops. Another important factor was that the former model of building community feeling on religion became extinct, and that led to secularization of the social life. These two factors - elimination of remains of a feudal economy and secularization - constituted the main leitmotiv of European changes in 19th century. As for the beginning of 20th century, the activity of Jews in Wroclaw still requires further research on three levels proposed by Slezkine - communism (the Left), freudianism and zionism.

9

Three-speed Poland

80%

Krzysztofek K.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2004

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nr 6

127-136

EN

The article is meant to answer questions at what stage the Polish system transformation is what is its distance to the developed world the Poles like to compare with. Poland does not cease to be a post-socialist transformation country. Yet, it is becoming an integral part of the global system and current changes taking place in Poland are in an significant degree brought about by the external factors: globalization and the European integration. The author's point is that the complexity of the present stage of the Polish modernization lies down in the development disproportions connected with the coexistence of the varied historical epochs. These three epochs dictate three varied speeds. From the 'long duree' Poland inherited a strong preindustrial sector corresponding culture and mentality. This is the first speed. The industrial sector was overwhelmed by existence of big centralized and hierarchical structures of the socialist era which need a deep restructuring. This is the second speed. The last 15 years saw an accelerated adaptation to the third speed - the post-industrial and information society. Needless to say this speed is the most functional to globalization and the European integration. These three speeds illustrate the enormous challenge Poland is facing in coming decades.

10

THE NEW CITY SLAUGHTERHOUSE IN WROCLAW 1896-1999 (Wroclawska nowa rzeznia miejska 1896-1999)

80%

Ostrowska M.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2010

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tom 65

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nr 3

357-364

EN

The time of construction (1896) and demolition (1999) of the city slaughterhouse in Wroclaw are not only final dates, but also symbolic moments in the history of the city. In 1896 the old slaughterhouse, that operated incessantly in densely built-up Old Town area since the Middle Ages, was closed. The way of slaughtering held there, in conditions far from contemporary standards, as well as animals forced into the place, made every day life of neighbors unpleasant and poisoned soil and ground waters in the area. The modern slaughterhouse of animals worked in perfect sanitary conditions. It guaranteed that the inhabitants would be supplied with meat of a high quality. The second date, 1999, is not connected with a change as good as the previous one. Despite numerous protests, historic buildings of the old slaughterhouse were demolished in order to clear the area for future construction. The idea to adapt the old buildings was not taken into consideration, though such solutions were already known in Europe. Therefore this date remains a disgraceful decision in the history of Wroclaw.

11

Strategic priorities of modernization of Ukrainian economy in after-crisis period

80%

Fedirko A.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

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2012

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tom 26

136-146

EN

The article is a continuation of the author’s research, “Compensation model of economic growth of Ukraine”, published in the monograph “Convergence of Economic Models of Poland and Ukraine” (Krakow, 2009). The article explores trends of the economic development of Ukraine in the time of global economic and financial crisis (2008–2011). The influence of the crisis is regarded as a possibility to unveil the weaknesses of national economic system. Author argues that short-term economic recovery of Ukraine in 2010 is built on very uncertain drivers. Therefore economic policies need to be revised. Author comprehends a number of key drawbacks in order to work out strategic priorities of modernization of Ukrainian economy in after-crisis period.

PL

Artykuł stanowi kontynuację badań autora „Model kompensacji wzrostu gospodarczego Ukrainy”, które zostały opublikowane w monografii „Konwergencja modeli ekonomicznych. Polska i Ukraina” (Kraków, 2009). W artykule podjęto badania nad trendami rozwoju gospodarczego Ukrainy w czasie globalnego, ekonomiczno-finansowego kryzysu (2008–2011). Oddziaływanie kryzysu uznawane jest za czynnik odsłaniający słabości narodowego systemu ekonomicznego. Autor dowodzi, że krótkookresowa poprawa sytuacji gospodarczej Ukrainy w 2010 r. oparta jest na bardzo niepewnych podstawach. Stąd polityka gospodarcza powinna zostać zrewidowana. Autor wskazuje na liczne kluczowe bariery w celu wypracowania strategicznych priorytetów modernizacji gospodarki Ukrainy w okresie pokryzysowym.

12

Rola ergonomii w procesach modernizacyjnych przedsiębiorstw

80%

Bielec J.

Zarządzanie i Finanse

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2012

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tom 1

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nr 3

439-450

EN

The role of ergonomics in the modernisation processes of enterprises has been presented on the examples of production plants and offices. The importance of taking account of ergonomics in the process of making changes and the relation between ergonomics and the increase in performance have been stressed. The examples of bad and positive measures taken when implanting solutions have been referred to the organization of jobs.

13

Charakterystyka gospodarstw korzystających ze wsparcia inwestycji modernizacyjnych i dostosowawczych na tle innych form pomocy Unii Europejskiej

80%

Sadowski A. , Girzycka W.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

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2012

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nr 1(23)

123-133

EN

The aim of the article was to determine the specificity of farms benefiting from various forms of support under the second pillar of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. This study established, that investments meeting UE standards were carried out mainly in smaller farms with intense production and a big role of livestock production. Modernization was performed with large farms, a relatively small labour resources. Entities that did not have adequate production potential, or used it inefficiently, benefited from other forms of EU assistance.

14

Transkulturace: možnosti využití a rozšíření konceptu

70%

Krizova M.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2008

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tom 95

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nr 1

15-35

EN

The article aims to introduce and explore the concept of 'transculturation'. Unlike the affiliated concept of 'acculturation', capitalized widely in anthropology, sociology and other branches of social sciences, the concept of transculturation had until recently commanded little attention outside the limited area of Latin American studies. The concept, originally formulated in the 1940s by Cuban sociologist Fernando Ortiz, accentuates the mutual character of cultural interaction, the active participation of 'subordinate' groups in the process, as well as the unique character of the resulting cultural formation. That is, the processes of enforced cultural exchange (for example, through colonial expansion) are perceived as not only destructive, but also creative. While the concept of transculturation had commonly been applied within the frame of American or African history and anthropology, the present article proposes the advantages and possibilities of its use in the study of (Central) European millieu - be it in the study of German-Jewish-Czech interaction in the nineteenth century, or in the study of Protestant-Catholic cultural exchange after the year 1620.

15

Transnational lifeforms and sects. On the possibilities of interpreting new religious phenomena in Moldavian Csango villages

70%

Peti L.

Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)

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2008

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tom 18

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nr 4

3-31

EN

The paper aims to describe phenomena of modernization in Moldavian Csango villages in the context of religiosity. It interprets the most significant shifts in the life forms and traditional religiosity, the change of central values, tendencies of secularization and the emergence of sectarianism. The author argues that the religious experience gradually evades community and (Church) legitimation, so that the ever larger individualization of religious experiences and conceptualization leads to the pluralization of worldviews. The impersonalization of social control, the changing norms that affect everyday life, the role change of religious values, the individualization of communities, basically the transforming forces of modernization on society disable the Catholic Church to fully integrate the Csango village population, who in rising numbers attend new teachings that offer an updated worldview, as well as a brand new set of community/religious norms. The author argues that sectarianism/sectarianization is part of modernizational strategies, and that, as a consequence of transnational life forms, sects have become a part of social mobility.

16

TO A QUESTION OF PERFECTION THE RUSSIAN SYSTEM REGULATION OF AN INCONSISTENCY (K voprosu sovershenstvovaniya rossiiskoi sistemy regulirovaniya nesostoyatelnosti)

70%

Minakova I. V.

Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky

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2010

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tom 1 (45)

170-179

EN

In article principles on which construction of effective institute of bankruptcy should be based are formulated. Lacks of the Russian system of regulation of an inconsistency are defined. The series of measures on its modernization, called to provide minimization of social and economic costs in an insolvency situation is offered.

17

CRISIS, VALUE, SURVIVAL (Valsag, Ertek, Tuleles. Keresztvalasz Kulcsar Kalman: A modernizacio, a rendszervaltozas es a magyar valosag c. Delphi -vitainditojara)

70%

Varga K.

Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)

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2009

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tom 27

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nr 4

401-422

EN

The Editor-in-Chief of Tarsadalomkutatas starts the debate from one of the main topics of his research oeuvre, from modernisation as a 'dress rehearsal' of the scale of pilot study for the Delphi volume of discussions under preparation and to be edited by Kalman Kulcsar and the present author. The first response to the paper is the present one, reversing the perspective of Professor Kulcsar's paper which is progressing in the history of concepts, and the author starts from the fact of the present global crisis and goes back in quest of elements that contain crisis potential right from the outset and can be grasped in the set of values of modernisation. Listing the relevant theses of several authors he presents evidence that besides the undoubtedly evolutionary achievements of modernisation some problematic factors as parasitic side-effects have been maturing in the value control of the process. Based on Hellemans he presents that in the face of the initial resistance of the institution of traditionally conservative values (such as the Roman Catholic Church) some basic values of modernisation would continue to show the direction, while he stresses of the discussion of modernisation between Daniel Bell and Habermas of the '70s that the forecast of disintegration implied in 'consume hedonism' condemned by Bell proved to be more realistic than the perspective of he 'project of modernisation' defended by Habermas. The current statements of the two authors already support this. In harmony with Bell's line Hofstede makes the fundamentally short-term orientation of the American set of values for the global crisis, contrasting it to the Chinese par excellence long-term one. Wallerstein's theory of centre and periphery also originates the present crisis from old contradictions, among others from the schizophrenic situation of the periphery which can only expect to enjoy the advantages of getting organically included in world economy only at the cost of the rapid amortisation of its human capital. The human capital model of Schulz may be linked to this, while it directs attention to the trend threatening survival in Hungary in view of domestic male mortality. It is at this point that the author paper joins the conclusions of Professor Kulcsar's opening paper namely that the modernisation of the globalised world liveable by us as well is the adaptation of the society by its own conditions, together with the continuous improvement of those conditions. Thus following the warning of Domokos Kosary we may avoid the present variant of dual mistake committed in the 20th century: namely disregarding the current space of mobility in global politics, and self-exposure to the 'favours' of great powers as well as of multinationals.

18

Techniknostalgie als Forschungsfeld

70%

Boehn A.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2009

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tom 31

|

nr 3-4

173-197

EN

Nostalgia is a characteristic of our time, and it extends more and more also to technology. Rapid technological change is as well a cause of modernisation and related social developments as a cause of reluctance to new technologies and nostalgic longing for the past. Good examples for this phenomenon are media technologies. As media are part of the world of our everyday life they are also object of personal memories. Changing and developing in the flux of time, they are no more what they used to be in a former stage of our life. Therefore they form part of an expanding culture of memory, with aspects of musealization and nostalgia. This nostalgia of the media does not only extend to the material remains (media archives, personal collections etc.) but also to their specific way of appearance and representation, the way they let us see the world generated by them. Media do increasingly devote themselves to this nostalgia of the media, which means that they rely to different historic versions of themselves or of other media. Therefore nostalgia of the media in the media is a way of self-reference of the media, because media refer to themselves as subject to historic development, remembrance, oblivion, destruction etc. But nevertheless a nostalgic attitude towards media technologies, as in the case of other technologies as well, does not exclude openness for new technological developments, but may also very well coexist with the latter.

19

ON HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF LESZEK NOWAK’S IDEALIZATIONAL CONCEPTION OF SCIENCE

70%

Wierzchosławski R. P.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2023

|

tom 30

|

nr 2

137 – 147

EN

The famous saying Habent sua fata libeli, can also apply to (philosophical) ideas, especially the most abstract ones. As it seems, the invocation of this maxim may have also some application in interpreting the concept of idealization of the concept of science, for the understanding of which it is useful to pay attention to the historical, social and political context. I argue that the analytical Marxism of the Poznan School of the 1970s and 1980s was a philosophical reflection of certain modernization processes of the real socialist system (the managerial revolution and the technocratic modernization of the Gierek era), which was an attempt to “escape forward” from the dysfunctional “manual control” of the system during the period of minor stabilization of the 1960s. At the same time, this period ended the ideological functions of Marxist philosophy (March 1968) by introducing an expert dimension that emphasized the use of contemporary currents of thought present in the thought of Western countries. The idealizing interpretation of Marx as an insightful methodologist, whose legacy makes it possible to overcome methodological dilemmas in modern philosophy of science, was also aimed at finding such an aspect that made it possible to defend against factual charges directed against the Marxist system in the social sciences. A refined conceptual scheme was supposed to give the nimbus of being scientific. However, the sophistication of the late scholasticism of analytical Marxism did not save this construction in its empirical verification (the problem of predicting social phenomena) and led the author to create a non-Marxist Historical Materialism as a separate theory, which was to focus on the structural-functional analysis of the historical process, which involved putting aside the study of idealization “to the side.”

20

SYSTÉM SOCIÁLNEJ STAROSTLIVOSTI V BRATISLAVE V 19. STOROČÍ A JEHO MODERNIZÁCIA NA PRELOME 19. A 20. STOROČIA

70%

Dudeková G.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2014

|

tom 62

|

nr 2

225 – 252

EN

The study describes the main principles and stages of modernization in the long 19th century in the Kingdom of Hungary on both the state and local levels using the example of Pressburg/Bratislava. Since the reforms of Joseph II directed towards centralization of care for the poor in the Kingdom of Hungary were not implemented, care for poor and socially dependent people in the towns of Hungary was mainly the responsibility of municipal, church and charitable institutions. Until the fall of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Kingdom of Hungary devoted little attention to care for the poor, and the state social policy had only weak effects. In comparison with other towns in Hungary, Pressburg/Bratislava had a mature network of the communal and church institutions for social care, which were incorporated into an emerging system of communal social policy at the turn of the 19th and 20th century.