Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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OVER THE MEDIAEVAL MUNICIPAL LEDGERS OF CRACOW (Nad sredniowiecznymi ksiegami rachunkowymi miasta Krakowa)

100%

Starzynski M.

Roczniki Historyczne

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2008

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tom 74

165-178

EN

The article constitutes a contribution to the critique of the printed edition of mediaeval municipal ledgers of Cracow from the years 1390-1410. The author discusses the editorial method, indicates its errors, and using selected examples, compares fragments of the available edition with its manuscript basis, stressing the importance of manuscript municipal ledgers of Cracow for the research on various aspects of city life in the capital of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. He also propounds that further research on that topic should be undertaken.

2

STREDOVEKÉ POHREBISKO V MOSTOVEJ

80%

Vlkolinská I. , Ižóf J.

Študijné zvesti

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2010

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nr 47

157 - 178

EN

The article presents results of a rescue excavation of a cemetery situated on the location Doboskút in the village of Mostová (district Galanta) in south-western Slovakia. The rescue excavation was undertaken in 1983 in connection with regulation of the old river bed. The settlement dated to several periods was discovered on the dunes, especially a La Tène settlement and a medieval cemetery. Damaged site enabled only partial survey of the cemetery, totally 24 graves. Only some of them contained except skeletons also objects of the grave inventory, exclusively jewellery. The finds date the site to the tenth century.

3

NÁČRT ŠTRUKTURÁLNYCH ZMIEN DEDINSKÝCH SÍDLISK NA ÚZEMÍ SLOVENSKA

80%

Hanuliak M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2023

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tom 71

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nr suppl. 3

261 – 267

EN

The study focuses on the observation of the number, typological composition and location of objects in the complexes of village settlements. Information of this kind forms an opportunity to approach the expected changes that were to occur in the agrarian environment. The data obtained by the analysis did not fulfil this assumption. Existing changes did not translate into different construction and furnishings of the dwellings. Accordingly, the housing requirements of the inhabitants have not changed. There is a lack of model examples between small and large farmsteads. The reasons for the current state of affairs stem from the fragmentary nature and low information value of the available evidence. Accordingly, the current knowledge from the territory of Slovakia is not able to approximate the structural changes in the village environment.

4

ON THE RIGHTS OF THE KINGDOM OF GERMANY AND THE MARCH OF BRANDENBURG TO SOVEREIGNTY OVER THE WHOLE OF POMERANIA

80%

Rymar E.

Roczniki Historyczne

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2006

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tom 72

7-51

EN

The publication contains a defence of the author's thesis (questioned by Gerard Labuda) on the tributary (later feudal) rights of the German Reich to Pomerania in the 10th-14th c. as inherited from Carolingian times. That sovereignty was to be executed by the Reich through the state of Poland (10th-12th c.), then Denmark (12th- early 13th c.), eventually transferring it to the margraves of Brandenburg in 1231. With the approval of the German King, they transferred part of those rights concerning Eastern Pomerania to the Teutonic Order in 1310.

5

OHRRINGE MIT PENDILIEN AUS CÍFER-PÁC

80%

Fusek G.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2021

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tom 69

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nr suppl 2

EN

In one of the graves at the Avar Kaghanate Period graveyard, two earrings with pendilia characteristic of the Pre-Köttlach Horizon were found. Along with them was in the grave a necklace composed of typical Avar beads. The find dates back to the second half of the 8th century, with an emphasis on its last quarter.

6

OBRAZ BISKUPA V ROMÁNSKEJ DOBE (POL. 11. – POL. 13. STOROČIA)

80%

Zubko P.

Konštantínove listy

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2020

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tom 13

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nr 2

52 - 64

EN

In the 11th century, several reforms took place in the Catholic Church, which also concerned the ministry and position of bishops. Bishops formed only a small but influential part of the life of the Christian community. From the Romanesque period, the first detailed information about the life of bishops from non-hagiographic sources has been preserved. At the same time, requirements were defined as to the characteristics of an orthodox Catholic bishop. During this period, the office of archbishop was established. The bishop was elected by the chapter according to the usual rules. The importance of the cathedral and the episcopal liturgy increased. The bishops reserved some sacramental acts and decisions just for themselves. The four Lateran Councils paid wide attention to the bishops; the article lists all the relevant canons of these councils on bishops. In Romanesque times, the position of the bishop in the Catholic Church was highlighted and strengthened, and at the same time he gained an important place in secular society. The bishops were autonomous vis-à-vis the pope, so the individual dioceses differed from each other, but certain intellectual, cultural and spiritual influences had an impact on the universal Christian community. The bishops had an important word in the administration of the lands, they were advisers to the rulers, and only those who met certain qualities (which were new compared to the previous time) could be bishops, but on the other hand it was not possible to bypass the rulers with the appointment. This heritage was influential until the late middle ages.

7

12.–13. gadsimta bronzas bļodas ar gravējumiem

80%

Grosmane E.

Makslas Vesture un Teorija

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2019

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tom 23

15-25

PL

The rich material of bronze items produced by local masters on the territory of medieval Latvia testifies to a high level of metalworking skills. The diversity of artefacts increased during this period, as imported objects were often used as samples for local imitations. Bronze bowls are part of the applied arts that flourished in the course of these two centuries; they are common in various European regions and have caught the interest of art historians not so much due to their form but because of the iconography of their engravings. All bowls are made of tin bronze. Their forms are quite similar. They consist of a slightly thickened round base from which thinly forged sidewalls rise up to 5–6 cm, and an upper edge about 1 cm wide. The diameter of bowls is about 20 to 30 cm. These vessels could be either decorated or plain but their classification is based on the content of the interior engravings. Bowls are largely held in the collections of the Riga History and Navigation Museum and the Latvian National History Museum; in addition, two fragments of bronze bowls from Latvia are in the Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte Berlin. Riga is the place where the most impressive and luxurious bowls have been discovered – precious items imported from Europe, featuring high-quality execution of the vessel and its décor. These artefacts could have ended up in Riga in the late 12th or early 13th century when the most active contacts formed with the potential centres of their origin – Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. The total number of bronze bowls found in Latvia so far is eight to nine (some fragments are hard to define): five of them are engraved, four appear to lack engraving, although such a conclusion has emerged due to their fragmentary condition. The bowls are similar with regard to their form but they do not make up a homogenous group. Two bowls found in Riga stand out for their narrative message: the so-called superbia with surrounding vices and the procession of knights; both are thought to be imported. These items belong to high-quality pieces in the context of Latvia but also reflect characteristics typical of mass production.

8

VALE, PATER OPTIME, ET VENI. THE CULT OF ST. JOHN OF CAPISTRANO IN THE TERRITORY OF PRESENT-DAY SLOVAKIA IN THE MIDDLE AGES

80%

Hlavačková M.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2021

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tom 69

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nr 5

815 – 837

EN

In spite of the fact that no locality now in the territory of Slovakia but then a part of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, appears in the itinerary of the Franciscan, Church lawyer and reformer of the order John of Capistrano, news of the “miracle working preacher” reached here and motivated people to travel to him in the hope of being healed of various illnesses, to write letters to him, to support observant foundations, or to join monasteries founded or reformed by him. The present study based on sources such as documents on acceptance into the Confraternity of Observant Franciscans, collections of miracles at the Collegio San Isidoro in Rome, medieval charters and chronicles, is devoted to the veneration of Capistrano and its spread in our territory. However, the aim of the study is not to take developments connected with Capistrano out of the context of the history of the Kingdom of Hungary or to place them in isolation, but to point out that this theme deserves attention from present-day Slovak historiography.

9

Annales historiam regni Bohemiae et urbis Pragensis ab anno 1278 usque ad 1399 illustrantes

80%

Blahova M.

Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)

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2010

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tom 39

89-112

EN

This study deals with two short Latin annalistic texts of Czech provenance dating from the turn of the 14th and 15th century which have been written according to two different models on a free place of ms. 5483 in the holdings of the Austrian National Library in Vienna and collected in one series of annals. The article examines the reference of these texts to other similar texts coming from the Czech late middle ages environment. The contents of the Annals is information about the last Premyslides, genealogic records about Czech Luxemburger, and news about what happened mostly in Prague in the 14th century.

10

SPACE AS A PLACE OF REMEMBERANCE. THE QUESTION OF HOMAGES PAID BY SILESIAN DUKES TO THE BOHEMIAN KINGS (Przestrzen jako miejsce pamieci. W sprawie holdów ksiazat slaskich skladanych wladcom czeskim)

80%

Capsky M.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2011

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tom 66

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nr 2

3-14

EN

Places where Silesian dukes paid their homages to the Bohemian kings became an issue of controversy in the middle of 15th century. The council of the city of Wroclaw (Vratislav, Breslau) discussed the issue several times. The aldermen promoted their opinion that oaths of allegiance should be always sworn on the territory where swearing dukes ruled. This interpretation was broadened to whole Silesia. Earlier a place of homage was not so important. Usually dukes visited the king's court and their journeys itself were part of the ceremony of asking for a fief. The oldest act of taking of the collective oath of allegiance did not concerned Wroclaw, but Swidnica (Svidnice, Schweidnitz), where Sigismund of Luxembourg demanded the homage in 1420. Only in 1438 Silesian dukes swore their collective oath in Wroclaw. For aldermen of Wroclaw it was, however, a binding precedent. This interpretation was accepted by dukes themselves at the end of 15th century. Therefore in 1498 Silesian dukes, as representatives of a particular political area, demanded the king Vladislav Jagiellon to come to Wroclaw and to accept their homage just there.

11

EPIGRAFICKÁ KULTÚRA V TEKOVE DO POLOVICE 17. STOROČIA

80%

Korekáč J.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2023

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tom 27

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nr 1

94 - 120

EN

The aim of the article is to approach the formation of epigraphic culture in Tekov until 1650 on the basis of field and archival research. The article focuses on cultural and economic changes that have affected written culture in general, especially the inscription culture, discusses the development of writing, clients and authors of historical inscriptions. Readers will get acquainted with the historical specifics of the Tekov region and the most important monuments in the epigraphic context.

12

Historiografie prvního století dějin pražské university v evropské perspektivě Františka Šmahela

80%

Pesek J.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2008

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tom 106

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nr 2

375-383

EN

This review article deals with the research into the history of Charles University from its founding in 1348 to the mid-15th century as reflected by the rich and substantial historiographical works of Frantisek Smahel, whose Selected Studies were published last year.

13

Świat pogańskich wierzeń ludowych w dziele "Summa de confessionis discretione" brata Rudolfa

80%

Smoczyńska-Reiner D.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2007

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tom 48

189-248

EN

The article includes a detailed analysis of pagan beliefs in 'Summa de Confesionis Discretione', the handbook which was found in a Cistercian monastery in Rudy in the Upper Silesia. The authoress traces back the origin of the written monument, contending that it was written in the 13th century in Germany. To Silesia, the work may have come along with the German settlers who stayed in the Cistercian estate. Then, the authoress reconsiders the contents of 'Summa' in the light of comparative materials of that era; finally, she broadly analyses various pagan beliefs and folk customs described in 'Summa', comparing them with the ethnographic material from Poland, Bohemia and Germany. Original article printed with German abstract.

14

STREDOVEKÉ ZAHĹBENÉ KUPOLOVÉ PECE Z PONITRIA

80%

Repka D. , Beljak Pažinová N.

Konštantínove listy

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2018

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tom 11

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nr 1

16 - 39

EN

The contribution seeks to present the newest finds of recessed medieval cupola ovens in Nitra region. The finds were excavated by the Department of Archaeology at the Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra. The paper provides a detailed analysis of a system of three connected recessed cupola ovens from Nitra, Dolné Krškany and a recessed single-chamber cupola oven with entry steps from Svätoplukovo. The material from this locality dates back to the second half of the 11th until the beginning of the 13th century. In Slovakia, their concentration is significant predominantly in the Nitra region; therefore, the paper attempts to evaluate these ovens in the context of analogous finds known from other medieval settlements in the region. In conclusion, the contribution also interprets their possible function and usage.

15

Slovanské písemnictví a liturgie 10. a 11. věku

80%

Kalhous D.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2010

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tom 108

|

nr 1

1-33

EN

Based on an analysis of arguments submitted for the benefit of ascertaining the place and date of the origins of Old Church Slavonic literature together with using the findings that there was awareness of Great Moravian texts in the 10th century Czech environment, the author documents the continuity of Old Church Slavonic literature in 10th century Bohemia and Moravia. He also points out the weakness of evidence negating the possibility of the continuity of liturgy in Old Church Slavonic, as well as the paucity of literary evidence to prove the above. In addition he proposes that rather than separating literary documents and liturgy, the evidence of the practical use of this liturgy should be differentiated from any attempts to use it for 'political' purposes.

16

UNIQUE SILVER PENDANT FROM TATCE, KOLÍN DISTRICT, IN THE CONTEXT OF THE OLDEST EVIDENCE OF THE CHRISTIANISATION OF BOHEMIA

80%

Profantová N.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2021

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tom 69

|

nr suppl 2

409 – 416

EN

The unique round silver pendant with the motif of either an angel or an orant or a saint most probably comes from the polycultural settlement in the cadastre of Tatce, Kolín distr., in the fertile Elbe River region in central Bohemia. It was found in 2012. The pendant can be unequivocally interpreted as a Christian protective amulet. The finding broadens the range of items connected to the earliest Christianity in Bohemia during the 2nd half of 9th – 11th c.

17

MEDIEVAL PILGRIMAGES OF THE INHABITANTS OF SILESIA

80%

Wachowski K.

Archeologia Polski

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2005

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tom 50

|

nr 1-2

103-128

EN

Recent archaeological excavations have yielded new evidence of pilgrim signs from Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. In Silesia, the most popular images were those of pilgrims from the Legend of St. Hedwig. The earliest scallop shell, which is to some extent a natural sign of pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela was discovered at several sites in central Poland and the coastal region. Metal pilgrim signs originated mainly from Wroclaw: a plaques from Rome and Cologne. Signs of St. Stanislaus also occurred in Kraków, in Bohemia and Moravia. Small plaques incorporated into vessels of the 'Hansekanne' type, made of tin, are considered as pilgrim signs. In the pilgrimage movement monasteries were engaged in the manufacture of a variety of devotional items and utensils. A mass find of clay pilgrim bottles was made at Trzebnica. Clay and metal pilgrim bottles and a clay horn were discovered in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Wrocław was also the site of a mass find of clay figurines. Czestochowa has been an extremely important pilgrimage center in Polish consciousness ever since the beginning of the Modern Age. Medieval Silesia appears as a distant periphery of the western and central European'pilgrimage civilization'. The picture revealed in the archaeological record alone is somewhat biased, especially in view of insufficient investigation of river beds, which occasionally yield a rich trove of pilgrim signs. Inhabitants of Wroclaw, were making pilgrimages to Rome, Compostela and Cologne, already in the first half of the 13th century. In the 14th century, the center of gravity of the pilgrimage movement moved to Upper Silesia: pilgrims proceeded from Opava to Aquisgrán (Aachen) and from Racibórz to Compostela. The number of written sources rises considerably in the 15th century, being the effect of as much greater literacy as intensified pilgrimaging though archaeological finds are quite modest. The plaque from Trzebnica, found in Wroclaw is of exceptional interest, considering that the sign represents a local Silesian place of worship, which could not have had much reach in the 15th century, especially as it concerned not just St. Hedwig, but also the earlier worshipped St. Bartholomew. 6 Figures.

18

PRÍNOS ARISTOTELOVHO MYSLENIA PRE STREDOVEKÝ DIALÓG KULTÚR VEDENÝ SV. TOMÁŠOM AKVINSKÝM

80%

Szaniszló OP I.-M. V.

Konštantínove listy

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2017

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tom 10

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nr 1

98 - 109

EN

A large part of the Iberian Peninsula still belonged to the Muslim world and the West European thinkers so often sought scientific dialogue in search of philosophical and theological truth with the Muslim, but also the Jewish culture. St. Thomas Aquinas wrote an extensive work during his professorship at the University of Paris called “Summa contra gentiles”. Through it he sought to lead an in-depth dialogue with these great cultures. This dialogue was based on the truth of things as well as the spirit of truth and not some episodic or tactical opportunism. The disputes with the renegade believers are somewhat simpler because we can turn to the authority of the gospel of Jesus Christ, but if their participants are Muslims or Jews, we must resort to the authority of the Old Testament. For a dialogue with non-believers, we must turn to argue only on the basis of reason. However, this would be insufficient in religious matters. Unlike the Muslims, we cannot rely on force or the army, or the lure of worldly promises. Even miracles are not the first argument. The crucial importance in this dialogue is given to the gospel, which, far better than any miracles, shines through the witness of the worn and simple people who are able to believe the difficult truth, hope the high-profile reality and lead difficult lives. The introduction of Avicenna and Averroes into the controversy with Christian truth was not without consequences for St. Thomas. It lasted more than a century after his death. After a temporal ban by the Parisian bishop, the doctrine of St. Thomas was again allowed at this university. Ultimately, however, faith and reason cannot be opposed but only understood in their mutual compliance. This “theologically substantiated secularity” of St. Thomas, mainly based on Aristotle’s doctrine, represents an important message of the medieval Christian West for today.

19

AVAR-AGE HORSE HARNESS FITTING IN SHAPE OF BOAR HEAD FROM BALATONALMÁDI-FELSȌHEGY – NEW PARALLELS AND NOTES IN CONNECTION WITH PRELIMINARY RESEARCH OF THE AVAR-AGE BURIAL GROUND

80%

Csuthy A. , Gyȍrffy-Villám Z. , Papp A.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2021

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tom 69

|

nr suppl 2

401 - 408

EN

The aim of the paper is to draw attention to a newly discovered locality Balatonalmádi-Felsőhegy, where some Late Avar findings were found in winter 2019. One of them was a fitting in shape of boar head, which with other new findings of this type from Hungary is analysed and put in our earlier published typology. The ‘boar’ on horse harness had its meaning in Late Avar society or in military hierarchy, but its precise content is uncertain.

20

VÍNO OD NARODENIA PO SMRŤ. ALKOHOLICKÉ NÁPOJE V STREDOVEKU AKO KULTÚRNOHISTORICKÝ FENOMÉN

80%

Dvořáková D.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2023

|

tom 71

|

nr 4

581 - 600

EN

The paper is devoted to wine as a cultural and historical phenomenon in the Middle Ages. People consumed wine all their lives, as it was considered to be a universal medicine and a health-promoting drink. Literature on healthy living and medicine has almost always dealt with the consumption of wine. The way wine is consumed also appears in the so-called princely mirrors, manuals for the upbringing of royal and aristocratic children. Wine also accompanied prominent persons after death, as it was used to embalm the bodies of the deceased. Wine was popularly consumed not only in aristocratic settings, but also in cities, as we demonstrate in this study with the example of the city of Bratislava, which was an important wine producer in the Middle Ages. However, excessive wine consumption was also reflected in crime and the commission of various offences, often leading to death or murder.