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EN
The author analyzes the simulation and dissimulation, the effects of these two factors and the possibility of substitution with other labour law tasks. In the introduction the author presents historical origin of the employment contract and follows the legal concept of dependent work. In the interpretation of the essential characteristics of dependent work examines the distinction between essential characteristics of dependent work and its consequences. Subsequently author analyzes the simulation of legal acts and its legal consequences depending on the type of simulation as unilateral and mutlilateral simulation. It is explained the process of dissimulation and the particular conditions under which the act is recognized as valid. Finally the author proposes improvements of employment legislation.
EN
The first part of the contribution deals with the issue of contradiction of a legal act with good morals. It defines the term of good morals and their function in law, as well as the substance of contradiction of the legal act with good morals. It analyses the application of the provision of Art. 39 of the Civil Code. It refers to the most serious weaknesses in the application of Art. 39 in the case-law. The second part of the contribution is devoted to the enforcement of law and to the principles of fair trade. First it analyses the terms enforcement of law and principles of fair trade. Then it examines the issue of application of the provision of Art. 265 of the Civil Code in the case-law. It deals with the following specific problems: relationship of provision of Art. 265 of the Commercial Code and the provision of Art. 3 (1) of the Civil Code; relationship of the provision of Art. 39 of the Civil Code and the provision of Art. 265 of the Commercial Code, as well as the issues of an abuse of law enforcement and moderation law.
EN
Connection of the law of the Slovak Republic to the law of the European Union is related to a large number of new conceptual issues of legislative and procedural character, that are often connected with their significant law enforcement connotations. In case of a regulation it is necessary to bear in mind specific character of this legal act. The Regulation is directly applicable in all Member States of the European Union. It is forbidden to transpose it into the national law. According to Court of Justice of the European Union transposition of content of regulation into the domestic law of a Member State is permitted only exceptionally in the interests of clarity, homogeneity, and effective applicability of legislation, provided, that in this way there is no blurring of the Union origin, nature and legal effects of regulation. It is also permissible to provide implementation of regulation by setting of sanctions or establishing the competence of national authorities.
EN
At first the authoress explains the theory of the appearance as it is recognized by the French judge, to analyze, secondly, the applicability of this theory in the Polish legal system. In France, among the most prevalent examples of the application of the theory of the appearance are: the apparent ownership, the apparent mandate, the heir apparent and the simulation. The theory of the appearance should be understood as an independent basis for the creation of the legal consequences consistent with the legitimate expectations of the person who trusted the appearance created by another person. In the Polish law, there are few legal exceptions that allow, in specific situations, the acquisition of rights by the person who trusted the appearance, as for example, the acquisition of property on the basis of the Article 169 of the Polish Civil Code and the effectiveness of the apparent transaction in the benefit of the third party acting in good faith in case of simulation, as it is allowed on the basis of the Article 83 § 2 of the Civil Code. As for other cases, unforeseen by the legal rules, the authoress makes some proposals: the application by analogy of the Article 83 § 2 of the Polish Civil Code and the interpretation by the courts of the statements of intent within the spirit of protection of legitimate expectations. The authoress proposes as well legislative amendments that would seek the inclusion in the Civil Code of a general regulation to protect the good faith.
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