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4 Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

4 2015

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Traktát Stanislava ze Znojma „De vero et falso“

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Sousedík S.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

2015

tom 63

nr 6

831-857

Stanislav of Znojmo (died 1414), a professor of the Prague Theological Faculty, first a teacher and friend to Jan Hus, but then his decided opponent, wrote a comprehensive treatise, probably around 1403, entitled De vero et falso. The subject of my article is an analysis of the content of this work. In it, Stanislav deals with the question of the truth of a proposition and the problem of its truth-maker. The question of the truth-maker falls into the area of metaphysics, and so the author speaks of metaphysical truth. In so far as metaphysical truth is concerned, Stanislav of Znojmo defends a decidedly realist standpoint, judging that categorematic expressions are not alone in having real counterparts in the world, but syncategorematic expressions (for example, statement conjunctions, words expressing negations and so on) also have such counterparts. Stanislav’s treatise, in its overall orientation, belongs to propositionalism, a trend in logical thought widespread at the end of the Middle Ages. Although the author of the treatise De vero et falso does not cite contemporary authors, he shows a knowledge of some exponents of propositional logic (namely Gregory of Rimini, for example). His main inspiration, however, is undoubtedly the work of John Wyclif.

Inteligibilní bytí stvořených věcí v Bohu v nauce o ideách Jana Wyclifa

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Herold V.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

2015

tom 63

nr 6

815-829

This study, published posthumously, deals with the question of ideas in God’s mind in the treatise De ideis of John Wyclif, who had a significant influence on Jan Hus and other masters of the Bohemian nation at the Prague University. In the first part the text focuses on the question of the publication of an edition of the hitherto unpublished Wyclif’s treatise; in the second part, on the basis of this text, is presented Wyclif’s conception of ideas. The article displays both Wyclif’s arguments and the authorities which Wyclif drew upon. Finally, in the last part, the article looks at the criticism of Wyclif’s teaching about ideas on the part of John Cunningham, Thomas of Walden and Jean Gerson, who, on this basis, imputed to Wyclif a heretical pantheist doctrine.

Stvoření univerzálií podle Jana Husa : (Ke kvestii „Utrum omne testimonium fidei…“)

86%

Kaluza Z.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

2015

tom 63

nr 6

893-905

This study determines, from a doctrinal view, the date of the origin of Hus’s Quaestio de testimonio fidei christianae as, at the earliest, in the year 1408, and it displays in particular detail Hus’s teaching and its sources in this regard. Among these sources belong on the one hand the texts of Hus’s teacher Stanislav of Znojmo, on the other hand the texts of John Wyclif. It is the tracts of these two that allow one to reconstruct the doctrine of Hus’s standpoint. It is shown that Hus, like Stanislav and Wyclif, was a proponent of the dual creation of universals, that is by a pure act of God and by a pure potential in the sense of first matter. Hus addressed this quaestio in a theological context, or more exactly in the context of Christian faith, although his vocabulary preserves the semblance of philosophical language. Hus clearly sought, in this quaestio, to say that human reason is not capable of knowing universals, but that universals were revealed in scripture (Gen 1,21-25), and therefore every Christian must recognise their existence on the basis of faith.

Filosoficko-teologické základy myšlení Jana Husa: Univerzálie a některá s nimi spojená témata

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Pavlíček O.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

2015

tom 63

nr 6

859-892

Jan Hus is especially well-known as a preacher and theologian whose activities anticipated the European protestant reformation and the hussite movement. It should not be forgotten, however, that Hus worked for many years as a teacher at the Faculty of Liberal Arts. He was therefore also a philosopher reflecting on contemporary subjects, among which was the reception of the philosophical thought of John Wyclif at Prague University, and the discussion of the reality of universals connected with it. The study maps Hus’s realist conception of universals on the basis of an analysis of the dispersed fragments of his pronouncements on universals from his quaestiones and from his Sentences commentary. The author divides this mapping into four different contexts: (1) God’s nature and the Trinity of Persons; (2) the ideas in God’s mind; (3) being as an analogical quasi-universal; and (4) the very conception of universals, that is of genera and species. In these different thematical areas, the study shows that Hus’s realism played an important role in his philosophico-theological thought of constituting its philosophical grounding. It could be said that although Hus’s realistic attitudes were influenced to a great extent by the thought of John Wyclif, Hus rejected or softened Wyclif’s heterodox opinions and the demands stemming from realism. Hus’s metaphysical standpoint, in the writings in question, also do not show a direct connection with his thoughts on church reform.