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1
Content available remote Problemy nadzoru nad funduszami spekulacyjnymi
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The world financial crisis has revealed numerous risks for investors and other market participants related to speculative funds. As a result, comprehensive supervision principles have been established to prevent these risks. The article presents the activities undertaken by the European Union and by other states, aimed at regulating the principles of hedge funds functioning. The new regulations provide for registration and reporting duties that are to ensure higher market transparency and to diminish the differences between hedge funds and traditional investment funds. In order to prove the said thesis, the author presents the specifics of the speculative funds functioning, the current trends on the funds market, and later she makes an assessment of the regulations adopted in the field.
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Real estate funds operate in the same way as securities investment funds, differing only in the subject of trade. This subject - the property- is characterized by much less liquidity than securities, and therefore the market is much more difficult and diverted to long-term investment. As the roar of real estate investment funds operate in Poland for only a few years, the time after which one could make a full and unambiguous assessment of their business has not yet passed. The aim of this article is an attempt to answer the question whether the financial crisis affects the valuation of real estate operating funds. The main thesis of the paper is that real estate funds operating in Poland can be divided into three groups, depending on the evolution of investment fund certificates valuation in relation to the economic status of the Polish capital market.
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An innovation in this paper is the introduction of inventories into the market sector of the Real Business Cycle model with household production. The main finding is that the controversy between procyclicity of hours spent to produce consumption good versus correlation between business and household investment, which has been prevailing in all business cycles models so far, is resolved.
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The article revealed the essence of the concept of «diagnosis», the principles and methods of diagnosis in investment of resource-saving projects. The classification of types in diagnostics of resource-saving projects is given.
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Structured products are among the fastest growing investment instruments on the Polish market. Although bank deposits are still the most popular form of savings in our country, there has been growing interest in structured instruments since 2007. The article attempts to estimate returns on investment in structured products on the Polish financial market. The subject of the study is structured investment, where the primary index is the fixed EUR/PLN rate announced by the NBP (the National Bank of Poland). In this study we use Daubechies wavelets with the a trous algorithm and artificial neural networks integrated into one algorithm.
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Socio-economic development of Ukraine depends on the rational use of available natural resources, in particular, on the state of energy efficiency. The article analyses the current state of energy-saving technologies in Ukraine, and explores the current system of regulation in this area. It is revealed the need to develop a mechanism for cooperation between the state, private business, and the public on the terms of coordination of interests of all the parties in the implementation of energy efficiency programs. The importance of taking into account the regional features, that permit the use of resources most efficiently, is shown. It is proved that the calculation of the economic efficiency of energy-saving technologies should be based on the principles of investment analysis, taking into account changes in the value of money in time. The promising areas that provide both the improvement of financial performance and the creation of conditions for further sustainable development are revealed, provided the improvements of used technologies, and the coordination of participants in the energy saving.
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Content available remote Stan i kierunki rozwoju inwestycji w sferze handlu wewnętrznego w Polsce
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In her article, the author presents the volume and structure of investment in internal trade against the background of total investment in Poland’s economy. She carries out an analysis by the type of trade (retail and wholesale) and object (outlays on buildings and constructions, machinery and equipment and transport means). A particular attention is paid to investment of foreign commercial enterprises, which are the leaders in the area of investing in the sphere of internal trade in Poland.
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This paper investigates the irreversibility of investments and their impact on the nature of the relationship between investment and uncertainty. The empirical analysis uses firm – level data and is based on a survey of 53 automotive suppliers, which was carried out during the year 2011. We find supportive evidence for the fact that uncertainty is negatively associated with planned investments of the companies surveyed, which remains true also in the presence of irreversibility. Yet, further investigation of the investment – uncertainty relationship and the role of irreversibility provide support for the view that the negative association between uncertainty and investment increases with the degree of irreversibility. So the degree of irreversibility of investment does influence the effect uncertainty has on planned investment.
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In the author's view, at the outset of the 21st century Poland's agriculture is facing a triple dilemma and the manner of resolving it will determine the agriculture's future and, consequently, the country's economy as a whole. What has occurred is a blockade of internal factors of the development of agriculture, i.e.those inherent in the systemic transformation policies. Development priorities are being re-arranged in view of the expected accession of Poland to the European Union. Similar to other countries, Poland is facing globalization problems. Against such background the author analyzes the new situation of agriculture in the context of national economy paying special attention to structural unemployment in agriculture, the aggravation of income disparities, blockades of investment processes and the reduced use of resources (land and labour). The author states that the principal cause of the mounting crisis in agriculture is its faulty positioning of the sector in the entire economy. He favours an active pro-income policy in agriculture enabling the farmer to take on a larger share of self-financing for development.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the merits of using the Value At Risk method in estimating the risk associated with investments in metallurgical sector companies. The paper presents how to construct the model, various methods of its estimation and their advantages and disadvantages. In the research part of the paper, we analyze typical features of the returns distribution characteristic for metallurgical companies listed on the Polish stock exchange, and on their basis we select the method of the Value at Risk estimation. The analysis was made by comparing individual metallurgical companies to the Warsaw Stock Exchange Index (WIG). We also evaluated the usefulness of the variance-covariance method by examining the number of exceedances of the designated value exposed at the assumed levels of significance.
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A characteristic feature of modern economy are increasing capital flows, especially in the form of foreign direct investments. Transfer of capital in the form of foreign direct investment is the most dynamic phenomenon of world economy. Foreign direct investment flows between countries, contribute to the economic revival of the countries where the low supply of capital is a major barrier to economic growth. The results of undertaken research showed that British direct investments from the UK have been concentrated mainly in commerce and industry, the share of total trade in the British direct investment shows a growing trend, a steady decline in the share of industry. Industry structure of British investment in Poland is in line with general trends continuing in the structure of foreign direct investment in Poland, observed in developed countries, where most of FDI is invested in the services sector. It was also found that the spatial feature of British direct investment, as investments from other countries, is their location in regions with the largest economic activity and developed infrastructure.
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Despite limited independence of municipal governments and large unification of territorial government law a large polarization in their development is observed that results from the influence of different factors among which natural resources and geographic location of municipalities as well as exercising the rights based on the national law and competences of the people managing the municipalities are of major importance. The research problem undertaken in the analysis concerned first of all the municipalities finance management, particularly in the field of revenues obtained by municipalities from the real property tax and investment outlays. They represent instruments used by municipal bodies for local development management. Those issues were the base for formulation of the research hypothesis assuming that the volume of the municipality investment outlays, in particular those allocated to municipal infrastructure development, depends on the volume of revenues from the real property tax and that in term depends on the economic character of the municipality (tourist, agricultural).
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Return period is often used by investors as an index of investment effectiveness taking into account the time value of money. In order to determine this parameter the equation NPV=0 needs to be solved as a function of 't'. As it is shown it is an exponential equation for which no solution in an analytical form can be obtained and only iterative methods can be used: secant, tangent or bisection methods. The field literature recommends determining consecutive cash flows and comparing them with incurred expenditures (to an accuracy of a unit used for consecutive payments). The authors proposed formulas which are easy to use and burdened with small error, and which determine investment return period.
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The article determines priorities, which correspond to the concept of sustainable development. The essence and structure of the concept are investigated. The necessity to combine three fundamental components of sustainable development: economic, social and environmental is justified. We made a conclusion about the primacy of the economic component, which provides the optimal usage of scarce resources at all stages of social production on the basis of sustainable development components analysis. The role of financial capital as a service in relation to other types of capital (human, environmental and industrial) in the economy of sustainable development is determined. Investigation of the importance of financial investment mechanisms for sustainable development is held. The basic tools by payment categories which provide funding for sustainable economic development are given.
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In this study, we estimate the size of capital flight and its spill over effect on domestic investment in selected European economies during the 2006 – 2016 period. The results based on the fixed effects ordinary least squares method suggest that capital flight has an adverse impact on investment in the economies included in our sample. As a robustness check, we also use the system generalized method of moments (GMM). Our results based on a mix of emerging and advanced economies are fairly similar with previous studies based on emerging economies alone (Yalta, 2010) and developing economies (Ndiaye, 2009).
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The investment demand of the economic growth rate in Hungary is a starting point for estimating growth potential. Data for 1991-2001 as such suggest a sustainable growth rate of about 4.5 per cent. The realistically expectable rate will be much lower, as it is essential to modernize the infrastructure and alter the agricultural structure, while increasing environmental investment and overhauling education and the health service. Future contributions from foreign funds will be smaller than they were in the second half of the 1990s. The proportion of net savings by households will also ease. A fall in the calculable macro-level efficiency of investment will coincide with a reduction in the funds available for investment. These factors may be offset only partly by the resource-increasing and efficiency-improving effects of EU accession, so that the longer-term, sustainable growth rate can hardly exceed 3.0-3.5 per cent. Even that will be attainable only if the post-accession advantages provided by the EU are well utilized, if reforms are carried out in the great distribution systems and the growth is investment and export-led. Catching up with the EU average will take much longer than politicians had hoped, but the 3.0-3.5 per cent growth still counts as fast, although it will only be attained if unhampered by disputes over domestic political power.
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This paper investigates the economic efficiency of investment activity in agricultural enterprises. It is also analyzed the main factors that hinder investment in agriculture in Ukraine. This paper analyzes the economic efficiency of the investment project of drip irrigation. Specific attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the crops growing efficiency in Ukraine and developed countries. It is considered the promising areas of investment in agriculture in economic instability and environmental fluctuations conditions. The most urgent investment directions are: development of selected breeding programs, breeding adapted plants, combating pests and diseases of crops and livestock, organic agriculture.
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This paper examines the indirect effects of the foreign direct investment, commonly referred to as spillovers, in Slovakia. It provides a theoretical framework of this phenomenon reviewing existing literature on the topic that presents some experiences of the Slovak companies over the last decade regarding spillovers and describes qualitative research of spillovers in the Slovak automotive industry. The results show that spillovers are present only through backward linkage, which is related to the technology transfer from the foreign customer to the domestic supplier.
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This paper focuses on the investigations of investment activity in local self-governments in terms of ratio analysis in Poland. Based on theoretical considerations, the selected financial ratios were analysed. In particular, the share of investment expenditure of local self-governments in total budgetary expenditure and their dynamics were investigated. Other analysed factors included investment expenditures per capita. The studied period covered the years 2004—2009, which allowed for the assessment of tendencies for the analysed variables to change in time.
EN
Polish sector of PE/VC has begun to develop intensively in the recent years. Especially it is noticeable in comparison to the Central and Eastern Europe region. The article presents conditions and law regulations concerning existence of VC in Poland and PE investments done in Poland in 2005-2008 as well. The article shows also possibilities of further development PE/VC in Poland and their influence on economy.
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