Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The Bridge Of Mostar – A Controversial Symbol Of Identity

100%

Gentzik C.

Euro-Facta

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2008

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tom 1. From totalitarism to citizen's societes in the United Europe

315-324

EN

The article entitled “The Bridge of Mostar”, which addresses the problem of armed conflicts in the Balkans and the attempts to establish peace in the region. Creating a harmonious coexistence between the groups of different cultures and religions requires taking into consideration the ethnic and cultural behavioural conditioning. The unity, but also the conflicts based on ethnic differences, are symbolised by the bridge in the town of Mostar, which connects two areas with different traditions and cultural backgrounds. The rebuilding of the bridge, which was destroyed in 1993 during the Bosnian War, went beyond the physical restoring of the bridge, and entailed the recreation of the uneasy harmony between the peoples of different backgrounds and aspirations who live in the neighbouring areas. The bridge symbolises the difficulty in defining the identity and creating harmonious coexistence, but also the need for this harmony. The article emphasis the necessity of involvement by international organisations in order to reconcile the belligerent parties, while enhancing the identity of each ethnic group and creating harmonious relations between the different groups.

2

Ethnic Identity of the Peripheral Provinces of Thailand

80%

Jelonek A. W.

Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia

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2011

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nr 24

97-123

EN

It could appear that the process of Thai people becoming a national group and Thailand – a modern national state, is nothing exceptional. However, the last two centuries of the country’s history makes Thailand to some degree unique. In the 19th century the country’s confrontation with the expansion of European colonialism resulted in the adoption of the “Western” concept of a national state. The ruling Chakri dynasty made attempts to impose a uniform national identity on various ethnic groups inhabiting the peripheral lands of the kingdom. A number of reforms gradually led to the elimination of any signs of a local political or cultural autonomy and creation of a centralized political organism. To establish the current condition of the ethnic identity of peripheral regions’ inhabitants and the state of progress of the “homogenous Thai nation” creation, field studies seemed expedient from the beginning. The paper below is an outlined report of the research project which I have decided to start in conviction to confront the identity of the main peripheral regions of Thailand’s population with the evaluation of “political” nation establishment in that state.

3

THE NOTION AND IDENTITY OF EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE IN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE MACRO REGION AND IN THE OPINIONS OF WESTERN ELITES (Pojecie i tozsamosc Europy Srodkowo-Wschodniej w historiografii makroregionu i opinii elit Zachodu)

80%

Znamierowska-Rakk E.

Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

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2010

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tom 45

5-19

EN

'East-Central Europe' is a political term coined after World War I in response to the need to name the territory between Germany and Russia, the Baltic, the Adriatic and the Black seas, on which, after the fall of the Habsburg, the Hohenzoller and the Romanov Empires, new countries emerged. There is lack of uniformity among historians exploring the history of the macro region with regard to the establishment of the borders of this territory, due to their frequent changes that occurred after critical historical events. The macro region of East-Central Europe possesses specific attributes which determine its identity. These, such as geographical position, ethnic composition, religious aspect etc., are noticeable almost at first glance. However, the region also displays qualities which are perceptible only after careful historical analysis. For instance, the specific character of East-Central Europe stems from its so-called civilizational youngness, which results from a few centuries delay, in comparison with Western Europe, in adopting Christianity. What dominates here is underdeveloped agriculture and belated technology, the consequence of, among others, the refeudalization from the 16th Century. In addition, East-Central Europe is an area, in which there was a temporary loss of statehood by its nations, and, after the regain of the statehood, conflicts undermining the countries- sovereignty and safety appeared. During World War II, most of East-Central European countries lost their sovereignty (the incorporation of Baltic countries by the Soviet Union; occupation of Poland, Czech, Yugoslavia and Albania), and the remaining countries (Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia, Romania and Bulgaria) became the satellites of the Third Reich. When, finally, peace was established, the East-Central European macro region experienced communist enslavement. Yet, the rule of repressive ideological system stimulated, by means of creating underground organizational structures as well as multiple and consistent armed uprisings engulfing more and more social classes, the birth and development of liberation struggle. Furthermore, against the background of considerations on the notion and identity of East-Central Europe, the article attempts to reveal the roots and the mechanisms of the formation of pejorative schemata about the macro region generated by political and scientific elites on the West.

4

NORMATÍVNOSŤ POJMU UZNANIA

80%

Palovičová Z.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2007

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tom 62

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nr 8

658-667

EN

The request of recognition is nowadays being raised under strongly varying conditions, as in the name of minorities, collective identities or within feminism. Still growing emphasis on the need of recognition is based on the assumption of the certain links existing between recognition and identity, where the identity is used to specify human self-understanding. The first part of the study tries to follow the argumentation in support of the social and cultural recognition theory. While interpreting this theory, the authoress focuses on the works of contemporary influential recognition theory of the philosophers, namely Ch. Taylor and A. Honneth. The second part of the study explores the relationship between the recognition of the collective identities and the ideal of individual autonomy.

5

CONSUMING NATIONAL TERRITORY. IDENTITY, TERRITORY AND POPULAR CULTURE

80%

Jaskulowski K.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2007

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nr 31

287-294

EN

The aim of the article is to analyze the role of images of territory in popular culture in reproducing national identity. The author point of departure is a critique of conviction that nations exists is a real and solid social beings which have a similar ontological status as physical objects. In other words, he criticises acceptance of a nationalistic conviction that nations are durable social groups, which have clear borders and are capable of collective activity. It concerns so-called objectivist definitions of a nation, mentioning common elements in the form of language, customs, territory, and culture - as well as so-called subjectivist definitions emphasising the role of consciousness. The latter often treat consciousness as a derivative phenomenon in the face of objective factors in the form of language, customs, culture or territory. From constructivist perspective territory is not one of the attributes of nations or a factor which enables crystallising of national awareness. It is not a common territory which creates nationalism, but nationalism fabricates territory and subsequently maintains the conviction of its existence and weight. A national territory is an abstraction and the possibility of its imagining was brought by modernity. The capability to think in these kinds of abstract categories is not something natural, but the effect of social enginery and deep social transformations: a common education, military service, mass communication, the democratisation of political life and also the formation of mass culture, or speaking a more modern language and popular culture. The existence of a 'nation' as an imagined territorial community depends on the number of cultural symbols. They are very simple, easily comprehensible, ubiquitous, emotionally charged and present in everyday life. Thanks to them abstraction of national territory appears as a natural environment of a common citizen.

6

Kto się sprzeciwia różnorodności? o tożsamości uczestników ruchu nacjonalistycznego

80%

Kajta J.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2013

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tom 22

63-78

EN

Te paper focuses on the identity of a contemporary Polish nationalist movement. It is based on biographical narrative interviews which were carried out among members of three Polish nationalist organizations: the All Youth Polish, the National Rebirth of Poland and the National Radical Camp. Participants of nationalist movements mobilize themselves and protest against increasing diversity. Te contemporary Polish nationalism can be understood as the particular kind of cultural resistance to globalization, cultural diversifcation, lef- -wing activities. Te homosexuals and feminists seem to be their main opponents. Nationalists defne themselves as the defenders of tradition, history and Polish values and hence they attempt to make the public sphere homogeneous. According to their statements, the public sphere should be reserved for Polish, Catholic values and norms. As I conclude, the nationalist resistance can be perceived as the result of anxiety for the status of national identity and longing for universal values or constant points of reference.

7

KURDISH IDENTITY IN SAMIR NAQQAS'S. Shlomo al-Kurdi, wa-ana wa-az-zaman

80%

Gharbi M. M.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

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2008

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tom 61

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nr 2

58068

EN

The article examines the themes of uprooting and the complexities of identity quest as they appear in Samir Naqqash 1 novel Shlomo Al-Kurdi, Myself and Time. 2 It analyses the extent to which the experiences of exile and displacement influence the formation of the characters' identity and undermine the notion of belonging. The study strives to explore biographical aspects, in which the author's own background and personal traits assume an overbearing impact on the themes found in his novel. The author argues that both the writer and his protagonist live in exile and seek identity, first the author through the act of writing in Arabic language, whereas his protagonist does so by retaining his Kurdish surname. The relationship between exile and memory is approached, in which the author and his protagonist endeavor to preserve their memory in the face of the tension posed by the experience of separation from their native lands. Similarly, they had undertaken narratives of harsh journeys on account of political and economic compulsions to some new strange lands, where they long for an image of home they have left behind.

8

IDENTITY AND CREATIVE PERSONALITY

80%

Sramova B. , Fichnova K.

Studia Psychologica

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2008

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tom 50

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nr 4

357-369

EN

The present paper discusses the relation between the adolescent identity and the features of creative personality. The concept of identity comes from Berzonsky who, according to the participation of cognitive strategies in identity construction, distinguished three basic processually oriented identity styles: informational, normative, diffuse/avoidant. This author devotes special attention to the extent of that part of formed identity that he calls 'commitment'. The creativity of personality also takes part as a factor in identity formation. The developing creative personality may reach identity redefinition sooner and avoid role diffusion. Goal: To identify how the selected adolescent personality traits contribute to identity construction and to determine the interrelation among the variables. Materials and methods: Identity style questionnaire (Berzonsky), WKOPAY (Khatena, Torrance). Results and conclusions: There is a mutual relationship among the traits of creative personality and adolescent identity styles. The selected traits of creative personality influence identity construction. 'Authority' acceptance and disciplined imagination contribute to identity formation in the sense of obligation. A lower degree of authority acceptance as well as of other personality traits supports the active formation of autonomous adolescent identity. Adolescents with their autonomous formed identity, who rely on themselves to a higher degree in their autonomous identity formation, reject authorities. Vice versa, adolescents with unformed identity tend to uncritical acceptance of the opinions and attitudes of those in authority.

9

EUROPEAN IDENTITY: NEGATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITIES OR THEIR ENRICHMENT

80%

Owadowska R.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2006

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nr 28

119-126

EN

The article poses a question: does an European identity exist, and if it does, what elements constitute this notion. It concentrates on such notions, as national identity and culture. From the very outset the idea of a united European culture was a basis on which economic and political community was supposed to originate. Intensified integration processes within the European Union demanded that such elements as national identity: culture, language, religion be redefined. Despite constant emphasis on cultural aspects of unification, the process of shaping European identity will not depend on proclamations or treatises. The decisive influence on its shape will be exerted by the Europeans themselves. They need to find a plane for shared common values (human rights, democracy, legal state). The author postulates a European identity as resulting from an identification with a number of communities - national and continental. Only identity understood in this way will not neglect a national diversity and will not lead to a collapse of individual national cultures.

10

LANGUAGE AND PROCESS. INGARDEN'S THEORY OF LANGUAGE AND ONTOLOGY

80%

Piwowarczyk M.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2008

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tom 36

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nr 2

37-44

EN

This paper is devoted to Ingarden's discussion of a possible criticism of language that could be presented by philosophers who deny the existence of solid things that endure in time and retain their identity. Such a possible view is called 'antireism'. Antireists could argue that language distorts reality because we use names to denote processes. In doing so we treat them as objects which have the formal structure of subjects of properties. Ingarden replies (1) that each process has a twofold formal structure, that of a totality of still perishing phases and that of a specific object which is being built in those phases; (2) that although the process has the structure of a subject of properties, it cannot be identified with an enduring thing of the same structure because of this specific twofold characteristic; and (3) that the meaning of the name of a process contains its formal content and the moment of existential characteristic projecting the process as different from a thing.

11

Ustanawianie pamięci i trud budowania tożsamości. Refleksja nad ruchem romskim i jego historiografią

80%

van Baar H.

Studia Romologica

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2015

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tom 8

73-97

EN

This article discusses various dilemmas that are related to historical and contemporary processes of Romani identity formation through an examination of what I consider as Romani acts of memory. By so doing, I reflect upon what has been called “the Romani movement” and the ways in which this social movement has hitherto been represented in the literature. I argue that an analysis of the Romani movement from the perspective of enactments of memory sheds new light on the hard and complex labor of Romani identity formation, as well as on the prevailing historiographies of the Romani movement.

12

Potential research directions in the sociology of consumption

80%

Hetesi E. , Andics J. , Veres Z.

Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)

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2007

|

tom 17

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nr 3-4

115-134

EN

In the course of the history of sociology, the need of a new paradigm has emerged the 80s - the consumption orientation -, i.e. the conflict between the producer and the consumer became the new major conflict of contemporary society. At this time, the basic model of researches is the consumer society consisting of clusters of consuming micro-cultures. Typical research topics are: mode, body, consuming, and household economy. Publications of postmodem theoreticians (Lyotard, Jameson, Baudrillard) have given additional impulse. According to postmodem consumption sociology, subjects of consumption are not products or services, but the meaning they stand for. For the individuals of the postmodern society, consumption is the expression of social standing and individual well-being. Consumption as expression of taste enables to establish and retain social links. The most prominent representatives of consumption sociology are the British Cohn Campbell and the American George Ritzer. Regarding Hungarian sociology, some publications of Agnes Utasi and Elemer Hankiss can be listed here. While the sociology of consumption aims to model the structure of society by researching the consumption behavior; marketing describes consumption behavior to sociological variables (e.g. life style). The most well-known research models are EuroLifeStyle and Target Group Index. These have already been incorporated into corporate practices of marketing planning. We can expect further results from the combination of the two different research approaches.

13

HOW DOES A SINGLE-MAN DIFFER FROM A SINGLE-WOMAN? GENDER AS AN ELEMENT IN THE IDENTITY OF SINGLES

80%

Sobolczyk A.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2008

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tom 52

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nr 3

179-194

EN

Identity is an awareness of being the same 'me' in the past, despite changes over time, as well as being clause to similar social categories in the present. One of the most important for self-identification categories of others are people of the same gender. Gender is a collection of roles recognised as being typical for representatives of a given sex, particular behaviour and personality traits. We describe them respectively as structural, symbolic and emotional dimensions of masculinity and femininity. The aim of the article is to provide an answer to the question of how gender affects the identity of singles - those who are neither parents or partners. Considered are independently: work, family, home and free time on the basis of information obtained from interviews and the European Social Survey. This leads to the conclusion that work and home are areas where sex has less impact on the life of a single than on that of other members of the society. Singles' femininity and masculinity manifest themselves mainly symbolically during their free time. Typical for people living alone is that they consciously shape their behaviour as feminine, masculine or neutral.

14

AGEING: A DIALOGUE

80%

Berleant A. , Alpert M. , Vino V.

ESPES

|

2023

|

tom 12

|

nr 1

33 - 41

EN

In April 2021, longing to learn first-hand about ageing philosophically, Valery Vino reached out to the legendary Arnold Berleant (who was 89 at the time of writing), to see whether he might be interested in recording a dialogue to this theme, with a companion of his choice. Berleant selected his ideal collaborator Michael Alpert, book designer and collector, poet, senior, and treasured friend. Over the following six months, a rich tapestry of leisurely reading, contemplation and discussion unfolded, culminating in an unrehearsed, free-flowing conversation about ageing, which has been recorded, lightly edited and offered here for readers to share.

15

INGARDEN AND THE PUZZLE OF MATERIAL CONSTITUTION

80%

Kakol T.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2008

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tom 36

|

nr 2

45-62

EN

In this paper the author would like to present the current research in contemporary analytic philosophy related to the so-called problem of material constitution. This topic was investigated in ancient philosophy, as evidenced by such old puzzles as the Ship of Theseus puzzle, Chrisippus's Dion and Theon, and the Debtor Paradox (also known as the Growing Argument). In addition, Gibbard's fairly contemporary puzzle should also be mentioned here. Theories that try to solve the puzzles can be divided into those that presuppose the so-called 3D-ontology (or substance ontology) and the 4D-ontology (or process ontology). On the other hand, these conceptions can be divided into solutions that assume the absolute character of the identity relation and those that deny it, that is, that relativize identity to various parameters. After briefly discussing the theories of Alan Gibbard, David Lewis, Peter Thomas Geach, George Myro, Ted Sider, Roderick Chisholm, David Wiggins, and Mike Burke, the author tries to specify how Roman Ingarden's approach is related to the aforementioned accounts.

16

ETHNICITY IN THE INTERNET ECUMEN. IS DIGITAL SOLIDARITY POSSIBLE? (Etnicznosc w internetowej ekumenie. Czy mozliwa jest solidarnosc cyfrowa?)

80%

Kuligowski W.

Lud

|

2010

|

tom 94

59-72

EN

The author has analysed forms of presence of selected ethnic groups in the Internet. The typology of modern ethnic groups formulated by Thomas Hylland Eriksen has been used. Eriksen has identified four types of ethnic groups: 1. urban ethnic minorities, 2. indigenous peoples, 3. proto-nations and 4. ethnic groups in plural societies. Each of the types of ethnic groups identified by Eriksen is illustrated with one example. The urban ethnic minority is represented by the Assyrians, indigenous peoples - by the Mapuche from Chile, proto-nations - by the Tamils and the ethnic groups in plural societies by the Garifuna in Belize. The question about the 'Internet versions of ethnic identities' is also a question about the nature of the groups and their online relations, the relations between the real and virtual culture as well as about the 'digital solidarity', its potential and limitations.

17

ON EVERYTHING IS NECESSARILY WHAT IT IS

80%

Blum A.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2023

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tom 30

|

nr 3

278 – 280

EN

It is argued that if everything is necessarily what it is, then given the equivalence ‘p≡[a= (℩x)(x=a&p)]’, it follows that whatever happens or is the case, had to happen or had to be the case.

18

IDENTITY AND VALUE. NON-FORMAL ETHICS OF VALUES IN THE THOUGHT OF MAX SCHELER AND CHARLES TAYLOR

80%

Brejdak J.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

|

2008

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tom 36

|

nr 3

111-131

EN

In his 1913/1916 publication entitled 'Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values', Max Scheler develops the issue of person and value. In 'Ordo amoris' (1916) he presents the missing link in the relation between person and value, and in 'Ressentiment' (1912) he considers the relation in its inverted form. These three works constitute a whole that stresses the functional existence of values and its constitutive role for human identity in its individual and social dimensions. In 'Sources of the Self. The Making of the Modern Identity' (1989), Charles Taylor, going back to the sources of the self, undertakes Scheler's concept of the constitution of identity by values in its individual and social dimensions, giving them new life in the form of values as qualitative differences and their best account articulation. Taylor completes his analysis of values as qualitative differences with hermeneutical encouragement for seeking their sources in a quite theoretical way. Scheler sees the vehicle of values and moral growth in exemplars of the person, which is an another way of thinking about value - not in the terms of an 'eidos', but in the terms of real persons and their non-formal ethics. This paper considers the place of values in this non-formal method.

19

KIM JESTEŚMY I CO PRZEŻYLIŚMY? MIGRANCI NIEPEŁNI WOBEC SPOŁECZNOŚCI POCHODZENIA

80%

Niedźwiedzki D.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

|

2011

|

tom 37

|

nr 2(140)

115-129

EN

The reconstruction of the migrants’ identity is an essential condition for the migrants’ adaptation in their new place of settlement. Such reconstruction in the case of incomplete, pendulum migration is more complicated. This type of migration is characterized by its relatively short term nature and multiple travels of migrants between their country of origin and the target country. The identity of the so-called pendulum migrants is composed of cultural elements belonging both to the receiving society and to the native one. As a result migrants confront components of their identity constructed during interactions in the host society with their group of origin whenever they come back to their home country. It is a special process of re-adaptation to their original society. One can distinguish different types of narrations used by pendulum migrants. Those diverse techniques of communication differ in their cognitive and emotional components. The narrations fulfill many functions. For instance, they sustain social relations and social ties, satisfy the need for social prestige and recognition, and facilitate the acceptance of the negative experiences of migration. The different types of narrations are applied contextually and situationally depending on the motive, goal and the partner of the interaction. The paper contains a detailed analysis of the features of the above-mentioned narrations and the circumstances of their formation and use.

20

Wschodząca dorosłość a tożsamość młodego pokolenia – współczesne zagrożenia dla kształtowania tożsamości. Analiza teoretyczna i empiryczne egzemplifikacje

80%

Wysocka E.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

|

2013

|

nr 1

69-96

EN

Emerging adulthood is a phenomenon constituting the correlate of post-modernity and changes on the labour market, which affect particularly a young generation. It is a new phase in life, including the age of 18 to 25-30, the essence of which is experimenting with roles in life – in regard of family, love, work and changeability of worldview. The article constitutes an exemplification of threats which are caused by emerging adulthood to the development of the identity of a young generation. In the theoretical part of it, the article includes the characteristics of the phenomenon, and an attempt to indicate the factors which determine them. In the empirical part, it refers to developmental disorders of the identity, which are very characteristic for this phase of human life.