Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

On some characteristics of a group of emotive verbs

100%

Aradi A.

Nyelvtudomanyi Kozlemenyek (Linguistic Studies)

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2004

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tom 101

152-159

EN

The paper discusses the usage of a group of intransitive emotive verbs. The notion of a negative impact is expressed in most of the verbs belonging to this group. It will be shown that the predicative verbal adverbial constructions of these verbs must be used instead of the finite forms in sentences expressing existing states of emotions in the present. The subject of the predicative verbal adverbial is in the thematic role of an experiencer in these constructions.

2

The Hungarian pronominal system in a functionalist framework

100%

Laczko K.

Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)

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2004

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tom 128

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nr 4

469-479

EN

In this paper the authoress summarises the contents of her earlier shorter articles on the referential interpretability of pronouns. She gives a detailed account of the issue of pronominal deixis and coreference, and compares the various types she sets up with the functional subgroups of pronouns. Both typical and special cases are discussed. The examples she gives include data from the register of spoken language, too.

3

On sound change

80%

Nyomarkay I.

Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)

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2004

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tom 100

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nr 4

395-406

EN

This paper discusses various sound changes occurring in the course of the history of a language, especially with respect to their articulatory or psychological motivations. On the basis of some classical and modern approaches, the author lists four main reasons for sound change: ease of articulation, analogy, increased speech rate, as well as some extralinguistic factors. The specific claims are illustrated primarily by Hungarian and Slavic examples.

4

EARLY SLOVAK-HUNGARIAN DEBATES ABOUT THE MORAVIAN PRISTINE STATES. INTELLECTUAL AND EMOTIONAL MOTIVES IN FORMING NATIONAL HABITS

80%

Kollai I.

Konštantínove listy

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2023

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tom 16

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nr 2

102 - 111

EN

Present paper attempts to scrutinize the 18th-century interpretational debates between the Slovak and Hungarian proto-nationalist circles and persons about the Great Moravian past and about the Cyrillo-Methodian tradition. The article does not intend to introduce the contradicting historical narratives in detail, or analyse the righteousness of stances in light of later research results, but to focus on a special dimension of these disputes: i.e. how emotional and intellectual motives could play a role in the evolvement of identity debates. The conceptual framework of the research is that beside clear interest-motives (including personal or collective interests, as struggle for prestige or position), the feeling of being hurt by “untrue” statements could also bolster personal identification processes and inter-ethnic boundary-making processes. The paper’s general contribution to identity studies and conflict studies is that – beside interest-based motives, like struggle for power and (personal or collective) domination – emotional and cognitive motives are also relevant in nation-building, while their strong interrelatedness seems to be also evident. Methodologically, the early Slovak-Hungarian debates on Great Moravia, Svatopluk or on the Cyrillo-Methodian tradition – despite the scarcity of sources – seems to be a suitable research terrain due to the lack of institutionalized structures of nationalization; hence, bottom-up identification and boundary-making processes might be easier to detect than in later ages.

5

Leibniz and the Finno-Ugrians

80%

Hegedus J.

Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)

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2004

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tom 100

385-395

EN

Leibniz, one of the most prominent scholars of his time, was interested not only in natural sciences, mathematics, philosophy, etc. but in linguistics as well. As is known, he was presumably the first to declare the close linguistic connection between the Finnic languages and Hungarian. In accordance with his precursors and contemporaries, he was deeply immersed in the 'primeval' Scythian and Celtic (or Scytho-Celtic/Celto-Scythic) languages; he considered them as chronologically distant ancestors of the German(ic) language(s). Lots of words were thought by him to have come from Celtic languages (e.g. Kelt > Germ. Held). Leibniz was a determined proponent of the Finnlanders and Lapponians being the original settlers populating the Scandinavian Peninsula. Interestingly enough, there are present-day Finnish linguists claiming that the Finnish people have not come from Asia; that they represent the original population living in the same region from times immemorial. As to the Hungarians, Leibniz was convinced that their original homeland might have been near the vast Volga - Caspian Sea region. Leibniz's Scythian theories have left deep resonances on Hungarian language comparisons. Even today we find paracomparative writings focusing on the almost mythical Scytian origins of the Hungarian language in spite of the fact that the Finno-Ugrian origins of Hungarian have long been proved.

6

Additional remarks on the explanation of Sermo super sepulchrum

80%

A-Molnar F.

Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)

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2004

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tom 100

439-453

EN

This paper is a sequel to an earlier one published in the same journal (1997: 207 -16), containing linguistic and cultural-historical commentaries on certain expressions in the earliest extant Hungarian-language document known as Sermo super sepulchrum (Halotti Beszéd és Könyörgés, abbreviated as HB., respectively HBK.) that has survived as copied into Pray Codex, a Latin codex from around 1195. First, it deals with the expression pur eN chomuv (uogmuc) '(we are) dust and ashes', occurring early on in HB. and referring to the transience of human life, man's insignificance as compared to God. The expression is a set phrase of Biblical origin (cf. Gen. 18. 27); it has a number of versions and can be set in parallel with other Biblical or religious expressions, too. The paper then discusses a particular three-part figura etymologica known in Hungarian mainly from HB. The Lord says to Adam (Gen. 2.17): 'for in the day that thou eatest thereof (of the tree of knowledge of good and evil) thou shalt surely die'. (The sentence is also found in HB., with the phrase corresponding to that italicised above being halalnec halaláál holA (lit. you will die a death of death)). This formula must also have become a set phrase by the time of HB., and it can also be quoted from later texts such as various points of the first Hungarian translations of the Bible, as well as from other early ecclesiastical or even secular texts. Finally, the author discusses the expression mend w NAentii el unuttei (cuAicun) '(among) all his saints and chosen ones' from HBK., corresponding in Pray Codex to inter sanctos et electos suos. The author claims that the word unuttei, otherwise unknown in Hungarian, is probably a copying error for ununei (read ününei) 'his own ones'. This is supported by theological reasoning, by citing similar Biblical or ecclesiastical expressions, and a few cases attested in early Hungarian codices where n and tt were mixed up during copying. The discussion of the three expressions shows that, by the time of HB., Hungarian ecclesiastical usage had acquired a set of phrases based on Latin texts but used (partly) independently of them, too.

7

Myths about the origin of the Hungarian language

80%

Honti L.

Nyelvtudomanyi Kozlemenyek (Linguistic Studies)

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2004

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tom 101

137-151

EN

Ever since the Hungarian language has been written, its genetic affiliation has been a recurring question. The evidence accumulating from the eighteenth century onwards proves that Hungarian belongs to the Uralic family. For the past fifty years, ideas of a more aristocratic and romantic ancestry have flooded bookshops and all forms of media. These ideas are promulgated by people who (1) entirely lack scientific training or (2) are professionals in some branch of science other than linguistics or (3) have received training in linguistics and actively work on one of its subdisciplines. Consequently there are large differences in argumentation and the content of these 'theories'. Those in groups (1) and (2) tend to make pronouncements on historical and comparative linguistics that show total incompetence, whereas those in (3) tend to be incompetent in specific questions they address and often produce large quantities of pompous misinformation that only serves to deceive the unsuspecting reader. The present paper describes the major characteristics of such works but does not mention the names of their authors because those who are totally untrained do not deserve to be named in a linguistic forum, whereas those who are perhaps justly respected specialists of other fields deserve to be tactfully left unidentified.

8

IS THE SECRET TO EFFECTIVE LIFELONG LEARNING LURKING IN THE VIEWS OF PROSPECTIVE KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS? COMPARING GERMAN AND HUNGARIAN PROSPECTIVE KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS' VIEWS ON LEARNING

80%

Flick-Takács N.

Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)

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2021

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tom 12

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nr 2

31 – 59

EN

Lifelong learning (LLL) became a basis for education policies in the 21st century. The GLLI (Global Lifelong Learning Index) ranks countries based on their performance in LLL (Kim, 2016). The present paper aims to compare a successful country (Germany) with a mid-performing country (Hungary) in two ways: (1) by comparing the two countries’ framework strategies and training requirements for lifelong learning, and (2) by comparing prospective views on learning in Hungarian (NH=14) and German (NG=14;) kindergarten student teacher groups using Verges' association matrices in order to identify the key LLL elements in their views. The target group for the qualitative research was selected based on the pedagogical phenomenon that the views of prospective teachers have a great impact on their later work, including in relation to child development (Ránki, 2002; Dudás, 2005; Takács, 2016). The results show that there are some differences in the interpretation of LLL between the two countries, which can be observed in the regulatory documents and the associations made by student kindergarten teachers. The results reveal differences in the importance of self-regulated learning, learning motivation and social competences, and some common elements, like playfulness or joy, in learning activities.

9

EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF HUNGARIAN WORD ORDER 1: OPTIMALITY THEORY

80%

Imrenyi A.

Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)

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2007

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tom 131

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nr 2

195-212

EN

The first part of a two-part series, this study outlines an experimental model of Hungarian word order in the framework of Optimality Theory (OT). While representatives of mainstream generative theory have widely and thoroughly studied Hungarian syntax, little effort has been made to challenge successive models of this influential paradigm. Applying a radical version of syntactic OT proposed by Newson (2000, 2004), the present work abandons phrase structure representations to rely solely on a purely optimality theoretic device, a set of violable alignment constraints that govern linear relations between individual words.

10

ACADEMIC CHEATING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A COMPARATIVE EXAMINATION AMONG FRENCH AND HUNGARIAN BUSINESS SCHOOL STUDENTS (Csalas a felsooktatasban: francia es magyar kozgazdaszhallgatok osszehasonlitasa)

80%

Orosz G.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2009

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tom 64

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nr 1

252-284

EN

This study examined Hungarian (98) and French (131) business school students' attitudes and self-reported behavior regarding academic cheating. The main purpose was to focus on cultural differences, moreover the role of gender; grade-level; academic achievement; seriousness of expected possible punishments; positive and negative feelings after a successful cheating; acceptability of cheating and self-reported cheating were measured also. Attitudes towards cheating were measured by 14 vignettes. Participants evaluated the behavior of a dishonest classmate on an acceptability scale in different imagined situations. On the basis of self-reports 83% of Hungarian business school students cheated at least once during last semester in contrast to the 34% of French students (X2 = 52,19; p = 0,001). Furthermore, Hungarians concerning all of the 14 vignettes evaluate cheating more acceptable (p = 0,01); they have significantly less negative feelings after successful cheating (t = - 2,203; p =0,031); they expect significantly less severe punishment (X2 = 75,29; p = 0,001) and they have wider range of cheating methods in comparison with French students. On the basis of the multi-factor ANOVA hierarchical model the seriousness of punishment (F = 34,429, p = 0,001) and the nationality (F = 19,839, p = 0,001) have significant impact on the acceptability of cheating, moreover, nationality has the highest explanatory power.

11

Event structure and topic-comment articulation in the Hungarian sentence

80%

E-Kiss K.

Nyelvtudomanyi Kozlemenyek (Linguistic Studies)

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2004

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tom 101

160-172

EN

Predicates describing different event types have different arguments designated to constitute the main news together with the verb. In the case of verbs expressing a change of state, this argument is the theme undergoing the change of state; in the case of verbs expressing a terminated change of location, this argument is the terminus, denoting the end-location of the moving theme, whereas in stative sentences expressing existence or spatial configuration in a given location, this argument is the locative argument. In sentences expressing a mental or physical state, either the theme or the experiencer can function as the default carrier of main news. If the designated carrier of main news conveys known information, and as such, it is extracted into topic position, another constituent has to be promoted to the role of 'the carrier of main news'. An argument can take over the role of 'carrier of main news' if it introduces a new discourse referent (i.e., essentially if it is indefinite), or if it identifies a referent from among a set of alternatives (i.e., if it occupies the position of identificational focus). A verb can assume the role of 'carrier of main news' in an indirect way, by the contrastive topicalization of an argument (which also implies the contrasting of the verb with its negated counterpart).

12

Some remarks on Hungarian names of trees (I-II)

80%

Rona-Tas A.

Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)

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2004

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tom 100

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nr 4

419-438

EN

(This abstract also covers Part I of the paper published Ibid. vol. 100 (2004), No. 3. pp. 260-273). The paper discusses the etymology of the following Hungarian tree names: bükk (beech), tölgy (oak), koris (ash-tree), gyümölcsény (hawthorn, a plant similar to whitethorn or elder), gyertyán (hornbeam), gyurufa (a kind of tree similar to maple or cornel), éger (alder), dió (nut), mogyoró (hazel). The author claims that tölgy is of Iranian, more precisely Alanian-Ossetian origin, mogyoró is either of Turkic origin or an internal Hungarian development from Old Hungarian mony 'egg', while the origin of éger is very uncertain. The remaining six and a seventh item, som (cornel), not dealt with in this paper, are of Turkic origin. The first part of the paper focuses on the name bükk (beech). The author discusses its possible Indo-European origin. Further, he summarises the geobotanic background of the borrowing of tree names. He tries to reconcile the available geobotanic data with the linguistic and historical ones. In search of the Turkic background of the tree names at hand, the author also deals with some other Hungarian, Slavic, Ossetian and Turkic tree names. Finally, he points to the fact that the geobotanic map of these trees outlines the region where Hungarians may have borrowed the names, and thus this research opens a new type of source for the reconstruction of the early history of Hungarians in the first millennium.

13

Problém vztahu tradice a modernity v maďarské společnosti

80%

Irmanova E.

Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)

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2006

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nr Sp. Ed.

19-72

EN

Since the 19th century the tension between modernizing processes and the terms like tradition, patriotism, and nation have become the constant feature of the development of modern Hungarian society. The dispute between 'modern' and 'traditional' culminated usually during great national crises. Paradoxically, the language of the dispute made possible the use of the word 'modernization' against real modernization, when the effort to raise the nation was undertaken in the name of defence of national values against 'cosmopolitan' modernity coming from abroad, or when the Hungarian nation was defending its 'traditional progressiveness' against the national demands of 'backward' non-Hungarian nations. The effort to find the balance between 'general' democratic and 'particular' national principles have permeated programmes of all significant political parties throughout the 19-20th centuries. The achieved consensus in this matter served also as one of the arguments supporting the decision to accept integration of Hungary into NATO and the EU, and, on the other hand, the Hungarians perceived both integrations as historically unique opportunity to resolve traditional tensions between 'progress and patriotism'.

14

REPORTAGE AND WHAT SURROUNDS IT: OUTLINING THE TRADITION AND CONNECTIONS OF TWO TRANSITIONAL GENRES IN HUNGARIAN LITERATURE

70%

Balogh M.

World Literature Studies

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2019

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tom 11

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nr 1

81 - 90

EN

This study aims to examine the emergence and connections of two non-fictional genres, the report and sociography. Modernization forms the background for both genres: the report is a product of urbanization, while sociography was created by the need for the modernization of the village and the necessity of the peasantry’s emancipation. The study describes the parallels between the two genres based on the work of the first noteworthy Hungarian journalist-reporter, Kornél Tábori, and the activities of the sociographists of the 1930s, touching on their connections to literature and sociology as well. The study also discusses the literary report, as cultivated by both Polish and Hungarian writers at the turn of the century and during the interwar period. The closing remarks point out the parallels between sociography in Polish and world literature (the Przedmieście group, Neue Sachlichkeit, LEF, Novij LEF).

15

BOOKS AND THEIR CREATORS FROM THE MEDIEVAL KINGDOM OF HUNGARY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PRAGUE

70%

Haraszti Szabó P.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2017

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tom 21

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nr 1

17 – 31

EN

In the focus of the interests of the Hungarian students at the University of Prague were not the philosophical texts, in spite of the fact that most of them studied at the Faculty of Arts. From the examined texts we could draw the conclusion that the Hungarian students had strong theological interests, since more than the half of the remained and known manuscripts/copies belonged to this discipline. Presumably – despite of the lack of sources – there were Hungarian theology students in the Czech capital. Another observation is that through these texts the Hussite theories couldn’t find its way to Hungary. Only one fragment might have connected to the Hussitism, the so-called “Hussite Bible”, but this is one of the most problematic writing from the point of view of its birthplace and time, and mostly of its translators. The theological manuscripts usually were copied in order to help the priests to guide the believers in their everyday life and to help them in other church matters. The legal texts of Lawrence Zámbó also points to this way of use. It is worth to note at the same time, that the Prague-related writings, like the legal texts of Provost Lawrence and the Processus iudiciarius played important role at the ecclesiastical judicial seats in the archdiocese of Esztergom. Possibly, Provost John of Veszprém (1367-1382) also learned law at Prague in the 1360s, but this is only an assumption. The two most important codices related to Nicholas Feystrip and to the “Reverend Buda”. The analysis of Feystrip’s codex revealed the cultural roots of the library of the Fraternity of 24 Spiš’ parish priests. While the manuscript of Reverend Buda could be linked to the founder of the Collegium Christi, or this manuscript belongs to a Hungarian student who is not known yet.

16

HOW SHOULD THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE BE CORRECTLY CLASSIFIED WITHIN THE UGRIC LANGUAGE TAXON?

70%

Tambovtsev Y.

Asian and African Studies

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2009

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tom 18

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nr 1

103 - 137

EN

The aim of this article is to consider the correct classification of the set of languages called the Ugric languages. The Ugric taxon includes Hungarian and two Ob-Ugric languages: Hanty and Mansi. However, Hungarian is so different from the Ob-Ugric languages that Hanty and Mansi should be put into a separate Ob-Ugric branch. Actually, that is only half of the step towards the correct classification of the Ugric languages. We have to insist that Hungarian is put into a separate subgroup called the Hungarian subgroup of the Ugric group, or perhaps organize a separate group inside the Finno-Ugric family.

17

VÝSLEDKY Z VÝSKUMU OBČANOV SR MAĎARSKEJ NÁRODNOSTI

70%

Macháček L.

Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy

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2010

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tom 3

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nr 2

54 – 79

EN

Interplay of European, National and Regional Identities: nations between states along the new eastern borders of the European Union FP7-SSH-2007: Project No. 217227 collaborative research project (2008-2011)“ is an international research project dedicated to the analysis of socio- ethnic identities in Eastern Europe, to the issues of individual or group self-identification and ethnicity. In 2009 (November and December), 801 interviews were conducted in the form of random selection with respondents of Hungarian ethnicity living in Slovakia. The majority of the population of Slovakia of Hungarian ethnicity identified themselves with the statement „I am a Hungarian living in Slovakia (68%). Two groups chose Hungarian identity (identifying themselves with the statement „I am a Hungarian“ (16%) and „I am a Slovak of Hungarian descent“ (13%). „True Hungarians“, according to the respondents, do not have to be born in Hungary, or to live there most of their lives, nor do they have to have Hungarian citizenship. What is important for them is to feel Hungarian and to speak the Hungarian language. The young generation of ethnic Hungarians in Slovakia is more open to European integration, does not see it as a cause for concern when it comes to the loss of their national identity and rather regards it as a contribution to the lives of the Slovak population at large.

18

AESTHETICS IN HUNGARY: TRADITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES

70%

Balogh P. , Csuka B.

ESPES

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2021

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tom 10

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nr 1

7 – 11

EN

The paper is meant to introduce a symposium on aesthetics in Hungary today. Through a brief survey of the Hungarian aesthetic tradition, which goes back to the eclectic “university aesthetics” of the late 18th century and produced a number of prominent figures such as Georg Lukács and his disciples in the “Budapest School” in the 20th century, the paper seeks to point out some key characteristics of this tradition and to reflect on the intellectual landscape of contemporary aesthetics in Hungary, diversified by many fields of study, methods and sub disciplines.

19

Etymologies

60%

Redei K.

Nyelvtudomanyi Kozlemenyek (Linguistic Studies)

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2004

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tom 101

130-136

EN

The etymologies of the following words are discussed: 342 Vogul siyman 'beautiful'; 343 Vogul-Ostyak por 'the name of an exogamous group'; 344. Ostyak kasän 'each, every'; 345. Ostyak towä 'stern, poop'; 346. Ostyak vantas-, -as-, 'to fight (with sy)', 347. Zyrian Ä1Äs 'door'; 348. Zyrian kabackÄj jÄgar 'drunk-ard, pub-crawler'; 349: Zyrian l'amba 'with hanging ears (dog)'; 350. Mordvin cud'i-ved' 'river'.

20

ZNEVIDITEĽNENIE A ZJEMNENIE: REFLEXIE VEREJNÉHO POUŽÍVANIA MAĎARČINY U BRATISLAVSKÝCH VIACJAZYČNÝCH TROJGENERAČNÝCH RODÍN

60%

Satinská L.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 1

32 – 46

EN

On the basis of language biographies of multilingual three-generation families in Bratislava, the paper explores the communication strategies on the use of Hungarian in public. The research was conducted in the form of narrative interviews with members of five families. A total of 23 interviews were conducted. The use of language in public is complementarily influenced by language legislation, the social and political situation and individual experience. The obtained material is analysed at two levels: at the level of experience (reality of the subject) and narration (reality of the text). At the level of experience, the following strategies of avoiding conflicts have arisen from the described situations: 1) silence; 2) muting of the voice; 3) switching into Slovak; 4) switching into a “neutral” language (German); 5) responding in Slovak; and 6) preparation of children for negative attitudes. At the level of narration, the negative experience is refined using the following tools: 1) degrading the legitimacy of the attacker; 2) highlighting the “good deeds” of the members of the majority; 3) lapse of time; and 4) declared forgetting.