Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

'SCRIPTA MANENT' BRONISLAW PILSUDSKI'S SCHOLARLY HERITAGE

100%

Latyszew W. M.

Lud

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2004

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tom 88

123-141

EN

The author, founder and director of the Institute of Bronislaw Pilsudski's Heritage in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russian Federation, presents the scholarly work and achievements of its patron. Pilsudski, deported to Sakhalin in August 1887 together with other participants of the assassination attempt at tsar Alexander III, stayed in the Russian Far East until November 1905. He collected an abundance of ethnographic and linguistic material on Nanai, Oroks, Nivkhs, Olcha and, first of all, Ainu. He was the co-founder of the Museum in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and worked at the Museum in Vladivostok. Pilsudski prepared an administration proposal for the Ainu in an attempt to make their fate easier and to defend them against the Russians. The materials collected by Bronislaw Pilsudski proved to be exceptionally valuable to anyone wishing to learn about the Ainu and other peoples of the Far East. They continue to attract the attention of scholars, are looked for in museums and archives, registered, discussed, analysed and published.

2

K DEJINÁM SPOLUPRÁCE SLOVENSKÉHO NÁRODNÉHO MÚZEA V MARTINE A ÚSTAVU ETNOLÓGIE SAV

80%

Mruškovič Š.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2006

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tom 13

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nr 1

174-191

EN

The contribution presents an overview and characteristics of the single phases of a long term cooperation of outstanding ethnographic museum and academic scientific institution. The centre of the interest lies on the 1950s and 1970s. The author is an ethnographer emeritus and museologist emeritus, the former director of the Slovak National Museum in Martin (in the years 1963-1975). He shows the social, political, scientific, practical, institutional and personal levels of the mutual working relationship with the Institute of Ethnology (former Ethnographic Institute) of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. The results and the form of this cooperation are presented as the factors of scientific and social reliability of ethnology in Slovakia.

3

Obrebski on Malinowski. The Reception of Functionalism in Poland

80%

Engelking A.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2004

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nr 2(173)

17-34

EN

The following article is an extended commentary to Jozef Obrebski's writings regarding Bronislaw Malinowski's anthropology. Obrebski's archival text is included in this volume. The author starts with presenting Obrebski's (1905-1967) scholarly biography. He was a student and a doctoral candidate of Malinowski who became ardently devoted to popularizing Malinowski's theories by virtue of further studies and translations. Most of Obrebski's archival legacy can be found at the University of Massachussetts at Amherst, USA. The second part of the article deals with the history of relations between the two scholars, which the author managed to trace through a meticulous search of various source materials and archives. In the third part of the article the author sums up the results of her findings. By juxtaposing Obrebski's newly found Malinowskiana with his published works related to Malinowski, of which there are very few and often and only fragmentary, we find important testimony to the initial reception of functionalism in Poland.

4

Kazimierz Moszyński i Józef Obrębski: nauczyciel i uczeń

80%

Engelking A.

Lud

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2012

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tom 96

139-155

EN

The article, based on archival sources, discusses the relations between Józef Obrębski and his first teacher, Kazimierz Moszyński. The author presents facts which describe their contacts in 1926-1936 and shows how Obrębski, who was considered Moszyński’s most able student, learnt study and research methods, the skills and tools of a field ethnographer, the foundations of ethnological thinking and intellectual freedom. Obrębski studied ethnography and ethnology in 1925-1929 at the School of Slavonic Studies of the Jagiellonian University. While a student of Moszyński, he was also his assistant who contributed to editorial work and who helped collect field materials. In 1927-1934 the teacher and his student explored the Balkans. In 1930 Obrębski was awarded his master’s degree on the basis of the thesis entitled Rolnictwo ludowe wschodniej części półwyspu Bałkańskiego [Folk agriculture in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula]. Some of Obrębski’s materials were subsequently included in the first volume of Moszyński’s Kultura ludowa Słowian [Folk culture of Slavs]. In 1930 Obrębski went to London where he was a student of Bronisław Malinowski at the London School of Economics; in January 1934 he was awarded his doctoral degree in social anthropology. He would not have been granted the scholarship to study in London had it not been for the efforts made by Moszyński – records reveal that Moszyński highly valued Obrębski and greatly helped him to pursue his scholarly career. Obrębski, in turn, although with time he became more reserved about Moszyński’s scientific position, never stopped to respect his master. In his later works, mainly in ethnosociological studies of the Polesie region, he drew from the achievements and inspirations of his former teacher. His subsequent scientific career developed and completed what he learnt from Moszyński.

5

POLISH ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH IN GEORGIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY AND AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

80%

Wozniak A.

Lud

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2004

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tom 88

105-121

EN

Polish-Georgian contacts have had a long tradition. As early as the 17th and 18th centuries Polish missionaries in Georgia, who also acted as diplomats, wrote reports about Georgia. The most outstanding among them was T.J. Krusinski, a Jesuit, whose work was a source of information about Persia and the Caucasus (including the Georgians) from which Europe has drawn for centuries. Contacts between Poland and Georgia became most intense in the 19th century when both countries were part of the Russian empire. The first half of the 19th century was particularly abundant in works about the Caucasus and Georgia. It was the time when this area, called 'warm Siberia' by Russians, was populated by Poles deported here for their political activity. These publications, containing a lot of ethnographic information, were mostly memoirs and diaries, containing very picturesque descriptions of the country. In many cases the ethnographic aspect served as a background to purely literary works, often very romantic in genre. Among writers of that period mention should particularly be made of Mateusz Gralewski (1826-1891), whose memoirs describing his exile in the Caucasus, also carrying a lot of information about Georgia, were published after his return to Poland in 1877. One of the most outstanding scholars writing about Georgia, its history, literature and folklore was Kazimierz Lapczynski (1823-1892). He conducted his research, including paremiological studies, in the 1850s. Unfortunately, when he returned to Poland he managed to publish only a small part of the materials collected in Georgia. Among them was his translation of a poem by Schota Rustaweli, the most outstanding Georgian poet, entitled 'A knight in a tiger skin'. Lapczynski, with the extent of his research interest, inquiring mind, rare diligence and particularly the soundness of his research methods, was much ahead of his time. These qualities would rather place him in the positivism than romanticism, the epoch that shaped him spiritually. The second half of the 19th century was a new stage in Polish ethnographic research in Georgia. After the fascination with the Caucasus, which left its mark on the works written in the first period, which were mostly descriptive in nature, time has come for attempts at synthesis (Artur Leist, Edward Strumpf) and thematic research into Georgian folk medicine (Jan Minkiewicz), urban folklore (Józef Stefan Ziemba) or pioneer research into Polish community in Georgia (Rev. Julian Dobkiewicz), which opened new prospects of research focused on this region.

6

ADAM PRANDA: UNKNOWN ASPECTS OF HIS PERSONALITY AND LIFE'S WORK

80%

Chorvathova L.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2005

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tom 53

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nr 3

243-261

EN

After the years 1945-1948, the structure of scholarly life in Czechoslovakia changed dramatically. Pressure on the part of political regimes established during and immediately after the war strongly influenced the personality formation of young scholars and encouraged their conformity with official ideology. It also led to the partial loss of knowledge about previous generations of scholars. In some cases it resulted in career change, the concealment of politically incorrect personal information and contacts. The authoress traces the evolution of a former Slavic linguist, PhDr. Adam Pranda, CSc. (1924 -1984), explaining how he became the leading personality of Slovak ethnology during his lifetime. Some hitherto unknown biographical facts are disclosed which shed light on Pranda's career, thereby adding a deeper perspective to the history of postwar ethnology in Slovakia. She pays attention mainly to the education of Adam Pranda at the elite Catholic 'gymnasium' in Klástor pod Znievom (near Martin), to his literary talent and brings examples of his young and older literary pieces in poetry and prose, mainly unpublished. Further, she reveals the details of his study at the former Slovak (present Comenius) University in Bratislava and his education in linguistics and sociology and his beginnings as a Slavic linguist and sociolinguist. Under stalinist political pressure, Pranda was compelled to give up his promising career as a linguist and shortly after put into 'PTP' - corrective camp and forced to work as a builder. In 1954 only A. Pranda was allowed to start his research work in ÚLUV (Center for folk artisans) in Bratislava, where he took advantage of his linguist training and good knowledge of folk artisans and technologies of folk production. After seven years in ÚLUV, Pranda was allowed to work as a research worker in ethnology in former Národopisný ústav SAV (Institute of Ethnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava) and profiled himself as a highly qualified and esteemed ethnologist in study of changes of the folk culture. The authoress discloses his early linguist and sociolinguist works and shows the wide palette of his fruitful mature scholarly life in ethnology.

7

Kam zmizela etnografie dělnictva?

70%

Woitsch J.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2012

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tom 110

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nr 3-4

692-707

EN

The ethnography of the working class represented one of the most remarkable research directions of contemporary ethnography and folkloristics undertaken by the Academy of Sciences and the institutions of higher learning in the second half of the 20th century. Undoubtedly, despite partial ideological manipulations, the ethnographic study of factory workers and miners, in particular, achieved a number of remarkable results, which stand the test of international comparison. Some research projects focused on the themes and also methods previously neglected by historians (every day life of the working class, the material culture of daily living, folklore, etc.). A whole range of research projects - including comprehensive works and those by teams of authors - remained totally unpublished or have until now remained “hidden” in practically inaccessible internal collections of works and monographs. After 1989 Czech ethnographers (ethnologists, socio-cultural anthropologists) have completely shifted away from the study of the working class, which is a situation which does not correspond with the topical interests of these disciplines, for example in Western Europe. This study defines the fundamental thematical and methodological trajectories of the ethnographic study of the working class and miners in terms of the development of the ethnographic discipline’s discourse. It also broadly outlines less well known or unpublished results, which could provide efficient starting points even for current research. At the same time, the author gives thought to current possibilities (non-existent, in fact) of the ethnography of the working class in the Czech Republic and the possibilities of cooperation between ethnographic institutions which have at their disposal very extensive and often unprocessed collections on these issues, and the historian community.