Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Historičnost a kreace neboli Dobré wlastnosti Národu Slowanského?

100%

Kiss-Szemán R.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 6

802-817

EN

This article is concerned with the scholarly historical works of Ján Kollár (1793–1852), primarily his Dobré wlastnosti Národu Slowanského (The Good Qualities of the Slav Nation, 1822). In the introduction, the author distinguishes between Romantic historicism and Comtean positivist historicism. The application of the positivist conception resulted, on the one hand, in the marginalization of Kollár’s works with historical subject matter, but, on the other hand, an important part of his thinking made its way into the modern national culture and national consciousness. The author, in the first part of the article, considers the broader historical context of Dobré wlastnosti Národu Slowanského. Following on from previous research, he reveals the influence of Herder, particularly, however, he points to the Hungarian sources from which, he argues, Kollár was inspired in his definition of the ‘good qualities of the Slav nation’. The author then compares in detail the article ‘A régi Magyaroknak Vallásbéli s Erkölcsi Állapottyokról’ (The Religious and Moral Stages of the Ancient Hungarians), by the Veszprém canon Johann Baptiste Horvath (János Horváth, 1732–1799), published in Tudományos Gyüjtemény (Scholarly Miscellany), and demonstrates the extent to which Kollár drew on it and suggests why Kollár concealed his original source.

2

VÝSKUM DEMOKRACIE V POSTPOZITIVISTICKEJ VEDE. O METODOLOGICKÝCH OTÁZKACH TEÓRIÍ DEMOKRACIE

88%

Augustín M.

Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy

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2020

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tom 13

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nr 2

19 – 32

EN

The paper presents several remarks on the theoretical-philosophical context on which the research of democracy is based in post-positivits science. It deals with democracy as a phenomenon formed by cognitive processes through language that becomes the subject of scientific research for the purpose of knowledge systematization. The linguistic turn helps us to grasp the knowledge of democracy as historically limited and trapped in the discourses of the time. It is therefore crucial to understand that we can only approach democracy through the ideas that people have created in a given historical period. At the same time, we will look at theories of democracy as a part of social science theories. The paper elaborates on Karl Popper's critique of methodological naturalism and historicism which is applied to theories of democracy, and shows how this perspective can be useful for democracy research.

3

JOHANN DANIEL FELSKO'S CONTRIBUTION TO DWELLING HOUSE CONSTRUCTION IN THE 19TH CENTURY (Johana Daniela Felsko ieguldijums dzivojamo eku celtnieciba 19. gadsimta)

88%

Lace D.

Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei

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2004

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tom 4

81-94

EN

Publications on 19th-century dwelling architecture in Riga so far have been focused on particular periods. But the issue is not yet examined completely. The article deals with Riga city architect (Stadtbaumeister and Stadtarchitekt) Johann Daniel Felsko's contribution to design, construction and reconstruction of dwelling houses from the 1840s to 1880, invoking analogies detected in Riga and Europe. The study is based on unpublished and unknown original projects that are kept in the Latvian State History Archive, the Riga City Construction Board Archive and the Latvian Museum of Architecture. In terms of style Felsko's dwelling houses are mostly close to Neo-classicist principles and decorative elements that were typical of his early period and later were supplemented with a gradual adoption and use of stylistic and spatial options provided by Historicism. In the 1840s when Felsko started his professional career, having completed his studies at Copenhagen Royal Academy of Art, dwelling houses in Riga were designed and constructed according to exemplary facade albums worked out in Russia. Information on projects accepted at that time has survived in the City Construction Board records where the building's measures and construction foremen are specified. This situation is clearly exemplified by Felsko's approval to build a private dwelling house at the corner of Elizabetes and Kalku Streets. During the next decade construction in Riga was significantly affected by the City port blockade caused by the Crimea War. This favoured a total concern with reconstruction of buildings. Several trends are to be singled out. One of them is related to ground floor reconstructions for the benefit of the owner's business activities. In particular cases a partial or complete removal of historical decorative elements has been detected. The second trend meant extension and setting up of conveniences. Wings of buildings designed after exemplary facades were supplemented with a corridor along the width of the building with an entrance door from the street.

4

VEĽKOMORAVSKÁ A CYRILO-METODSKÁ TRADÍCIA V TVORBE „ŠTÚROVCOV“

88%

Vargová Z.

Konštantínove listy

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2021

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tom 14

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nr 1

123 - 130

EN

The article reflects the relationship of the Štúr generation to Great Moravia, as the “constructing the past” seemed to be an effective tool in awakening national consciousness. As a result of the necessary narrowing of the research framework, we decided to present the issue of the application of Great Moravian realities through literary or journalistic works published in the appendix of the first Slovak political newspapers – in Orol tatranský [the Tatra Eagle]. Although interpretive penetrations into the works of Ľ. Štúr, A. Sládkovič, J. K. Viktorin and Š. Ferienčík do not exhaust the full breadth of historical reminiscences of the mentioned personalities to the introduced period, nevertheless, they document the way of reviving both traditions in accordance with the symbolism of the time. Štúr’s return to the historical roots of national life, Sládkovič’s abstraction of the fate of Great Moravia, J. K. Viktorin’s reflection on the benefits of the activities of Thessalonian brothers or the image of Nitra in Š. Ferienčík’s work are not only proof that the content focus of the contributions corresponded to the thematic targeting of the Tatra Eagle (resp. that the Great Moravian realities remained in the living memory of the Štúr generation, but that the tragic fate of Great Moravia and the subsequent history should also serve as a memento and construction of the future based on the values of Christianization activity. Despite the genre diversity of the analysed texts, the article provides a picture of the specificity of the attitude and ways of artistic representation of the same historical reality.

5

Kroměřížská architektura 19. století. II. část

88%

Zatloukal P.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2012

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tom 3

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nr 2

144-163

EN

In the second half of the 19th century the yet dominant influence of the archbishopric on the Kroměříž architecture abates. Nevertheless, the archbishopric architect Gustav Meretta, constructing in the Neo-Renaissance style, remains one of the most influential architects of the time. In late historism, two builders were of crucial importance for Kroměříž – Ladislav Mesenský St. and Felix Skibinský, who also spread the construction style in the spirit of Art Nouveau. The most remarkable art nouveau work of art is the extensive premises of the insane asylum by Hubert Gessner, a graduate of Otto Wagner.

6

Rigas pilsetas udenstornu arhitektura 19. un 20. gs. mija Eiropas arhitekturas konteksta

75%

Karlstrema I.

Makslas Vesture un Teorija

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2013

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tom 16

37-48

EN

In the 19th century European cities faced water supply problems caused by industrialisation and urbanisation; in most cities, including Riga, much attention was paid to the issue in the late 19th - early 20th century when the majority of water towers were constructed. Water towers represent a typical 19th century phenomenon; it was quite short-lived in the history of architecture but notable for the manifold architectonic and stylistic solutions. Riga’s municipality supplied the city inhabitants with pure drinking water before the First World War, constructing two ground-water lines from Bukulti and four water towers in total: two water towers in the Moscow Suburb in the late 19th century (1897-1899) and two early 20th century water towers - in Agenskalns (1909-1910) and in Ciekurkalns (1912-1913). Both of these functioned throughout the 20th century and are still standing today. The tanks of all four Riga’s late 19th - early 20th century water towers are built according to Intze type 2; in addition, Otto Intze himself designed the water tower for the Moscow Suburb. As the water tower was a relatively new type of building, there were no architectural standards and this lack of examples was compensated for by drawing parallels with the surrounding buildings or other historical types of constructions, according to Historicist practice. Also in the late 19th century water tower façades most often conformed to Historicist stylistics but the rational spatial structure - the highly raised water tank - did show more and more in the building’s outer appearance. During the period of Art Nouveau, water towers acquired new architectonic solutions and more abstract forms; new constructive and artistic means became widespread, such as simplifying, rounding and softening of forms, introduction of new materials and constructions, and demonstration of these on the façade. Forms reflected the building’s functional, constructive framework that was aestheticised as well.

7

HISTORICISM AND METHODOLOGICAL PLURALITY: TWO ASPECTS OF STUDYING THE LITERARY PROCESS (Historizmus a metodologicka pluralita: dva aspekty skumania literarneho procesu)

75%

Pastekova S.

World Literature Studies

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2010

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tom 2 (19)

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nr 4

67-73

EN

The debate on models of the literary history and the need for a new methodological paradigm, which has been pursued in the Euro-American academy since the mid-twentieth century, question the traditional historiographical genres (textbooks, handbooks, academic history); the linear, diachronic, and additive approach to the literary history on the basis of the causal relations between the past and the present (literary process) as well as the purpose of the aesthetic canon as a historically variable category. At present, literary scholars consider a flexible model of non-linear, so-called problem history of literature (nodes, networks), moving across historical periods, uncovering the traces of important literary events (a change of poetics, genre, style, tendency, themes and motives, cultural myths and archetypes, literary canon, and so on) as a more productive approach to the organization of the literary-historical material. One can observe the discussed methodological aspects also in Russia, where the tendency to synthetic scholarship is evident, applying literary-historical, reader-response critical, interdisciplinary, and culturological approaches. Recently a couple of new genre forms of the literary history developed in Russia. Beside the popular genre of academic biography (life history of one author) an unusual genre has appeared: the encyclopaedia of a literary text (history of one literary text), working with the text and the context ('The Onegin Encyclopaedia', 1999-2005; 'The Oblomov Encyclopaedia', in progress). The entries deal with facts, events, and cultural and other contexts, pertaining to the creation of the text, its publication, critical reception, scholarly research, poetics, key notions, and motives. They are a kind of academic commentary in the form of lexicon.

8

WALLPAPER FROM THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY IN THE COLLECTION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL INVESTIGATION GROUP (19. - 20. gs. mijas tapetes SIA 'Arhitektoniskas izpetes grupa' kolekcija)

63%

Luse L.

Makslas Vesture un Teorija

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2008

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tom 11

20-33

EN

This article analyses wallpaper design from a rather narrow period - the turn of the centuries (from 1890s to 1914) and uses original materials found in the archives of Architectural Investigation Group (AIG). The AIG archives host one of the largest historical wallpaper collections in Latvia. It is predominantly comprised of wallpaper samples from the turn of the 20th century (360 units in total). This is a particularly prominent period in Latvian art history with its pluralism of stylistic schools, new tendencies in visual arts and quests for unified interior ensembles characteristic of Art Nouveau, all of which is well reflected in wallpaper design. The collection's samples can be classified according to their material as well as stylistic tendencies in ornament design. Depending on the characteristics of the material, two main groups can be distinguished: smooth wallpaper (339 samples in total) and relief wallpaper (21 sample). Smooth wallpaper is made of paper - the most popular material. Most of the collection consists of the so-called natural wallpaper, whereby one of the motif colours or background colour is supplied by the actual paper mass (approximately 210 samples). Usually this type of wallpaper is printed using glue-based paint with 2 to 6 tones. The second type of smooth wallpaper is manufactured by printing the ornament separately on an already coloured surface (121 samples). The third type of wallpaper imitates the texture of velvet fabric and is also classed as smooth wallpaper (8 samples). Relief wallpaper was manufactured from paper mass as well as other materials. Lincrust wallpaper was among one of the best and long-lasting types of such wallpaper.

9

MOTIFS IN THE DECOR OF ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE IN RIGA AND THEIR ORIGINS (Rigas jugendstila perioda arhitekturas dekora motivi un to izcelsme)

51%

Grosa S.

Makslas Vesture un Teorija

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2009

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tom 12

5-21

EN

As soon as Art Nouveau began to appear in the architectural decor of Riga at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, depictions of nature became increasingly popular. Of course, there was not just the main and specific Art Nouveau approach, which Robert Schmutzler cleverly described as 'Biological Romanticism', there were also other ways of approaching the natural world. Paul Greenhalg has described this as 'symbolic conventionalization', pantheism, metamorphosis and evolutionism. Pantheism became the main strategy for interior design at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in Riga, particularly insofar as vestibules are concerned. By contrast, façades manifested ideas of conventional Symbolism or of metamorphosis and evolutionism. Stylisation of natural motifs was one of the most popular techniques in designing wallpaper and stenciled decor on walls. Specialist publications had a major influence when it came to selecting the range of colours and ornamentation and since the mid 19th century their number had increased very rapidly. In Riga, as in several other provincial centres in the Russian Empire, Historicism played a particularly important role in architectural décor. When architects and designers began to move toward Art Nouveau it was often in the context of a reinterpretation of motifs that were popular in various neo-styles. New meaning was also attached to motifs and subjects that had been tested in the decorative arts and remained well known in the latter half of the 19th century and whose sources were to be found in various popular publications such as the ornamental handbook by Franz Sales Meyer, the edition 'Alegorien un Embleme' issued by Martin Gerlach, etc.