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Remarks on the origin of 'Legis Actio Sacramento in Rem'

100%

Notari T.

Antik Tanulmanyok (Studia Antiqua)

2007

tom 51

nr 1

71-94

The aim of the present study is merely to highlight a possibility which will not consider the motifs of sacredness and private fight contradictory in the structure of 'legis actio sacramento in rem' but will mingle them as organically complementing components. The sacred element can be clearly traced in the 'vindicatio' procedure in the requirement of the verbatim recital of both the oath, the 'sacramentum' and the 'carmen'. The motif of the fight appears both in the etymology of the word 'vindicatio' and in the employment of the spear. However, it is precisely the 'hasta' that carries a religious extra semantic load in Roman imagination which cannot be disregarded in the case of archaic civil law trial. Adapting to the rules of the genre, Plautus presents a quasiproperty trial, the result of which is decided by restricted and controlled personal fight, employing the drawing of lots, thus calling for divine judgement. Based on all these, it can be rightly assumed that originally it was the 'ordalium', fought with weapons, that brought 'legis actio sacramento in rem' to its form known today.

Variability of ribosomal DNA sites in Festuca pratensis, Lolium perenne, and their intergeneric hybrids, revealed by FISH and GISH

100%

Ksiazczyk T. , Taciak M. , Zwierzykowski Z.

Journal of Applied Genetics

2010

tom 51

nr 4

449-460

This study focuses on the variability of chromosomal location and number of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites in some diploid and autotetraploid Festuca pratensis and Lolium perenne cultivars, as well as on identification of rDNA-bearing chromosomes in their triploid and tetraploid F. pratensis x L. perenne hybrids. The rDNA loci were mapped using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 25S rDNA probes, and the origin of parental genomes was verified by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) with L. perenne genomic DNA as a probe, and F. pratensis genomic DNA as a block. FISH detected variation in the number and chromosomal location of both 5S and 45S rDNA sites. In F. pratensis mostly additional signals of 5S rDNA loci occurred, as compared with standard F. pratensis karyotypes. Losses of 45S rDNA loci were more frequent in L. perenne cultivars and intergeneric hybrids. Comparison of the F. pratensis and L. perenne genomes approved a higher number of rDNA sites as well as variation in chromosomal rDNA location in L. perenne. A greater instability of F. pratensis-genome-like and L. perenne-genome-like chromosomes in tetraploid hybrids was revealed, indicating gains and losses of rDNA loci, respectively. Our data indicate that the rDNA loci physically mapped on chromosomes 2 and 3 in F. pratensis and on chromosome 3 in L. perenne are useful markers for these chromosomes in intergeneric Festuca x Lolium hybrids.

Interspecific and intergeneric hybrids of the Lolium-Festuca complex obtained in Poland in the years 1964-1994 and maitained in the collection at the Institute of Plant Genetics in Poznan

75%

Zwierzykowski Z.

Journal of Applied Genetics

1996

tom 37

nr 1

79-100

In the years 1964-1994 an extensive programme of wide hybridization within the Lolium-Festuca complex was carried out in Poland.Six Lolium (ryegrass) and five Festuca (fescue) species at differnt ploidy level were used for crosses.Hybrids were obtained from 72 cross combinations.This article presents a complete list of Folium-Festuca hybrids obtained in Poland in the years 1964-1994 and maintained in the collection of Institute of Plant Genetics in Poznan.The available literature concerning these hybrids is cited.