Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP (Instytucjonalny wymiar przedsiebiorczosci)

100%

Gruszewska E.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2010

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nr 3 (47)

107-121

EN

Entrepreneurship should be perceived as an element of an economic system. It also seems that it would be legitimate to include it in the institutional system of the economy. Entrepreneurship is not only determined by institutions of different character (institutional matrix) but it is an institution itself. The research undertaken by the author is aimed at analysing the essence of entrepreneurship in terms of institutional aspects. A specific character has determined the author's prospecting for the institutional nature of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is the institution that determines many economic processes. We can say that entrepreneurship is crucial. This is particularly apparent when we look at entrepreneurship as a set of rules followed by everybody: company directors, chairpersons, managers and also employees. If we add this institutional aspect to the classical concept, entrepreneurship appears to be an individual principle determining action in market economy. Then, the view of entrepreneurship becomes complete. This is the missing element which best fits in with the puzzle and which holds different points of view together

2

INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURS IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES. THE ALBANIAN CASE

100%

Stringa A. , Saimir S. , Jorida T.

Contemporary Economics

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2009

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nr 2(10)

91-101

EN

The transition process in Albania, as in other ex-communist countries, stopped the enterprise development. The increasing number of small and medium enterprises is the most promising consequence of the transition process. Several researches in western countries have demonstrated that entrepreneurship involves objective and subjective factors and is interrelated with environmental objective factors and individual subjective ones. Our research examines clear characteristics of the businesses' analysis, the performance of the entrepreneurs themselves (their background and personal characteristics), their motivation to start a business and the perceptions of the different characteristics and the aspects of the businesses they run.

3

Nauczanie przedsiębiorczości w świetle światowej literatury przedmiotu

100%

Klucznik-Törő A.

e-mentor

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2012

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nr 5 (47)

25-30

EN

The aim of the article is to present the literature review of the newest and the most important articles dedicated to the entrepreneurial education. Articles included to the research were published in the scientific periodics belonging to the Entrepreneurship Journals Rankings in the years 2000-2010.

4

W jaki sposób myślą przedsiębiorcy? – czyli "Jeśli mogę kontrolować przyszłość, nie muszę jej przewidywać"

100%

Kurczewska A.

e-mentor

|

2012

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nr 5 (47)

20-24

EN

The aim of the paper is to introduce, basing on Sarah Sarasvathy's works, the logic of effectuation and to juxtapose it to causation. Effectuation is a way of thinking that is practiced by expert entrepreneurs. Effectual entrepreneurs do not predict the future but perceive it as possible to control due to their actions.

5

Edukacja na rzecz przedsiębiorczości a rozwój gospodarczy

100%

Dąbrowski M.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2012

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nr 3(57)

159-172

EN

The paper is aimed at demonstrating the importance of entrepreneurship education in economic terms. The author defines several concepts from the field of entrepreneurship. The main focus is on ways to successfully foster entrepreneurial attitudes and skills essential for economic development. Also analysed are the steps taken in Poland and the European Union to stimulate education for entrepreneurship, and the major trends in this area are presented.

6

The role of business incubation in company development

80%

Bajmoczy Z.

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)

|

2004

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tom 51

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nr 12

1132-1150

EN

Incubation has become in recent years a generic term with a meaning much wider than the term 'incubator house' current in Hungary. It frames many means of company development, especially small, technology-oriented firms. It seems an urgent task to spread the new interpretation -combining market-developing company development with innovation policy - as this policy means is gaining importance in EU business policy. The first part draws on published international findings to support the need for technology-oriented incubation. The article goes on to present a new systematization of incubator services and the local business environment. The local business environment is examined in the light of incubation success, in terms of the ability of the services to add value and treat market deficiencies. Finally, an attempt is made to fit business incubation to two basic paradigms of business development - market-substituting and market-developing - and draw conclusions about its economic-policy applications.

7

INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT (Wplyw przedsiebiorczosci na rozwój gospodarczy regionu)

80%

Gawel A.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2009

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nr 2(42)

92-107

EN

Entrepreneurship is multidimensional phenomenon and there is the lack of its uniform measure, in paper three were presented three single measures of entrepreneurship, the indicator of quality of firms' sizes, the indicator of quality of economic sector, the indicator of firms' saturation in economy, and one synthetic indicator, the indicator of entrepreneurial quality. In presented paper, the relationship between entrepreneurship's measures and the level of economic development in Polish regions was investigated. The influence of entrepreneurship, measured by single and synthetic indicators, on the level of regional development is positive. Better shaped structure of entrepreneurship leads to higher level of economic development. Among single measures, the indicator of quality of firms' sizes has the most important influence on the level of economic development.

8

DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL AREAS WITH EMPHASIS ON EXPERIENCE STEMMING FROM SAPARD IMPLEMENTATION (Determinanty rozwoju przedsiebiorczosci na obszarach wiejskich z..uwzglednieniem ... programu SAPARD)

80%

Bryla P.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

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2009

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nr 2(143)

134-151

EN

Due to the specific problems of rural areas, the policy of stimulating entrepreneurship located in the countryside is becoming ever more important. The shaping of entrepreneurial attitudes and the introduction of assistance programmes for the already existing enterprises constitute the main factors of the development of entrepreneurship. Its understanding should not be confined to non-agricultural activities alone for it encompasses the modernisation of farms and the adoption by farmers of behaviour patterns which are typical for business activity. The system of incentives created by the pre-accession programme of assistance to agriculture and rural areas SAPARD fits this conceptual framework. An independent empirical research study was carried out to investigate the impact of this programme on the development of rural entrepreneurship. The last part of the paper deals with quantitative and qualitative changes in respect of stimulation of the development of rural entrepreneurship that have taken place in Poland after its accession to the European Union.

9

THE ISSUE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS MEASUREMENT (Problemy pomiaru intencji przedsiebiorczych)

80%

Kurczewska A.

e-mentor

|

2010

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nr 4(36)

12-16

EN

Recently, the explanations of the entrepreneurship nature tend to expand beyond the boundaries of economic sciences and begin to refer also to human sciences. Taking a decision about launching an economic activity is a final step of the process of prompting one's entrepreneurial activity. The process is preceded by entrepreneurial intentions, shaped by a set of conditions influencing human perception of reality. Familiarity with entrepreneurial intentions has a great significance for creating the programs of economic education. The article presents the possible ways of entrepreneurial intentions measurement and interpretation.

10

EXPLAINING THE AMBIGUOUS IMPACT OF OVERCONFIDENCE ON CORPORATE DECISION-MAKING: A CRITIQUE OF THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

80%

Grežo M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2018

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tom 21

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nr 2

1 - 15

EN

Prior entrepreneurship research shows that individuals often possess biased expectations regarding their chances of success in the market compared to objective reality, as well as to their success and profitability compared to their peers. The present study addresses the effect of overconfidence on corporate decision-making with regard to the methodology used in economic and psychological studies. Current research provides contradictory and inconclusive results about the effect of overconfidence on various Chief Executive Officers’ decisions and profitability. In this study, the author tries to explain this inconclusiveness by outlining some of the most important methodological issues in the overconfidence research. Overconfidence can be defined as a systematic tendency to overestimate one’s own ability to make accurate forecasts, or as an overestimation of one’s own performance, or knowledge, compared to his/her actual performance, or others’ knowledge. In this paper, he describes, firstly, the origins and differences in operationalization between economic and psychology studies. Several widely-used measures and proxies of overconfidence in economic research are described and the diversity of using these measures in previous studies is showed. Subsequently, he discusses how different forms of overconfidence impact the decision-making and performance of entrepreneurs. In this part, the study focuses on the three most frequent areas that are reflected in the current literature; namely the effect of overconfidence on financial decision-making, firm profitability, and entrepreneurs’ innovativeness. The final part of the study outlines several possible ways how problems with methodology and inconclusiveness in the overconfidence research could be solved.

11

DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL AREAS OF PODKARPACIE REGION IN 1995-2007 (Rozwój przedsiebiorczosci indywidualnej na obszarach wiejskich Podkarpacia 1995-2007)

80%

Chrapek G.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

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2009

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nr 4(145)

181-198

EN

This article marks an attempt at determining the level of entrepreneurship in rural areas, with special attention given to social-economic factors that have stimulated growth in the number of economic entities formed by natural persons. The problem of economic activity carried out by natural persons analysed at the level of communes reveals a relatively great spatial diversification. A dynamic rise in the number of non-agricultural businesses recorded in 1995-2007 related to 14 territorial units in which the value of the entrepreneurship index exceeded 80. The analysis of spatial diversification of the development of entrepreneurship showed a high index value for areas attractive from the point of view of investments and tourism. Another zone of development of entrepreneurship is formed by areas located near major urban centres and areas situated close to transport routes. The conducted research has also indicated that a rise in the economic activity of natural persons is closely connected with attitudes characterising rural population and with its access to financial resources.

12

DRIVERS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL MOTIVATIONS: THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY

80%

Rusu V. D. , Roman A.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2019

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tom 67

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nr 9

973 – 994

EN

The aim of our research is to empirically evaluate and analyse the effects of quality of institutions on the level of early-stage entrepreneurial activity, but also the effects on the motivation of individuals to start new businesses and thus to enter into entrepreneurship. Our research focuses on member countries of the European Union, using panel data estimation techniques and targets a period of fifteen years, between 2002 and 2016. The results of our study show that, the level of the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity can be significantly affected by the quality of institutions, and the impact of institutional factors is different depending on the types of entrepreneurial activities analysed. The findings of the study confirm previous findings showing that the economic freedom and the quality of governance are significant predictors of entrepreneurial activity but also of individuals’ motivation to start a business. The results of our empirical investigation could be of interest to policymakers, who should be concerned about identifying and implementing the most appropriate measures to increase the quality of institutions, which should lead to the promotion of entrepreneurship and the development of entrepreneurial activities within a country.

13

ENTREPRENEURIAL RISK PERCEPTION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION OF EMPLOYED AND UNEMPLOYED IN THE CONTEXT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INDIVIDUAL RESOURCES

80%

Fedáková D. , Studená I. , Kožárová Z.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2018

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tom 21

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nr 2

31 - 46

EN

The changes in the nature of economic and social issues have renewed the attention on the role of entrepreneurship, and point to a multifaceted way of how entrepreneurship activities can mediate and foster sustainable development and social welfare. Recent research on entrepreneurship has redirected attention away from the entrepreneur as an individual with inborn personality dispositions and more towards entrepreneurship competence as a composition of skills and attitudes interacting with a range of factors affecting individual and his/her work and life circumstances. In this paper we point to the way risk perception and entrepreneurial intentions are associated with the entrepreneurial individual resources of the employed and unemployed. The main findings of the current paper were summarized separately in the context of employment and unemployment.

14

STUDIES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN WESTERN COUNTRIES: A NEW FIELD IN ECONOMICS

80%

Isakova I.

Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)

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2008

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nr 2

49-62

EN

Studies of entrepreneurship established as a scientific discipline quite recently, although its phenomenon has been investigated since XVII-XVIII centuries in Europe (R. Cantillon, A.Smith, J.B.Say), and since early XX century in the USA (F.Walker, F.Knight). The fundamental work by J.Schumpeter 'The Theory of Economic Development' appeared when it had been commonly recognized that the new phase of economic development meant the end of small firms. This theme was further elaborated in works of behaviorists (D.McClelland). A new impulse for the establishment of this research area came from management science. The discussion on the economic role of business flared up in economic literature in the latest decades of XX century, because, as followed from advocates of small business, small firms had a significant contribution in technological change and innovation, and they created market turbulence and competitive environment. Small enterprises (the term used in western academic circles and official documents) now make up a major part of enterprises in all countries. They still have no standard definition, which is also true with respect to entrepreneurship, although western researchers agree that the essence of entrepreneurship is a launch of change through creation and exploitation of innovations. Studies of small business and entrepreneurship allowed to elaborate new approaches (Low and McMillan, J.Wiklund). The prevailed approach to studies of entrepreneurship involved microlevel, but in 90s researchers shifted to contextual aspects of entrepreneurship. In this context, the entrepreneurship is actively used by politicians as a factor promoting regional development. The latest studies of entrepreneurship use institutional theory, resource theory of firms and relational approach.

15

SENIOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EUROPEAN CONTEXT: KEY DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY

80%

Červený J. , Pilková A. , Rehák J.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 2

99 – 117

EN

This paper examines the determinants of total early stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) within European countries and the different effect of these determinants on general population and senior cohort (aged 50+) in Eastern and Western Europe. We exploit the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset spanning years 2001 – 2012 to address this issue. We examined both standard individual characteristics and indicators of social capital, and entrepreneurial potential (based on entrepreneurial skills, perception of opportunities and fear of failure). We analysed also impact of specific characteristics of entrepreneurial environment using a multi-level logistic regression. The results show that negative perception of skills and opportunities significantly lowers the probability to be involved in TEA. We find also that cultural norms, government programs and good banking services have a positive impact on TEA.

16

PRIVATE ACCOMODATIONS - A SOURCE OF INCOME OR A HOBBY FOR THEIR PROVIDERS? THE STUDY OF LUBELSKIE REGION (Kwatery prywatne - zrodlo dochodu czy hobby? Przyklad Lubelszczyzny)

80%

Bednarek-Szczepanska M.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

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2011

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nr 1(150)

147-161

EN

The main subject of the paper is the operation of private accommodation facilities in the rural areas of the Lubelskie region. The author tries to explore the benefits which the providers of tourist services get from the activity. Do the accommodation facilities constitute an important source of income for them? Does the activity of providing accommodation bring other, non-material benefits? The relevant data have been collected with the help of a semi-structured interview. The author analyses in detail the attractions and services for tourists, the number of overnight stays and opinions of accommodation providers. She also defines the types of available tourist offers. The obtained results show that the offer for tourists is rather simple and based on the use of the already existing resources of the households supplying tourist services. Only a small proportion of the surveyed accommodation providers can offer attractive and competitive tourist products. Also, there is an insufficient specialization in the offer provided to tourists. Entrepreneurial attitudes are not common among accommodation providers. The business of tourism does not constitute a significant source of income for them. However, most accommodation providers are satisfied with their activity, especially in terms of social relations. The non-material benefits from tourism are of greater significance than the financial profits, especially outside the regional tourism centres.

17

ENRICH YOURSELVES AND TAKE ADVANTAGE OF LIFE! ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CONSUMPTION IN THE PRESS DISCOURSE DURING THE PERIOD OF TRANSFORMATION

80%

Jarecka U.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2005

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tom 49

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nr 3

109-128

EN

The authoress discusses the propaganda of capitalism in the press discourse from the years 1989-1991, based on an analysis of texts published in the Warsaw daily 'Gazeta Wyborcza' and the Polish weekly 'Wprost'. The rhetoric of transition (or 'transformation') that is used there encouraged people to be entrepreneurial (mainly through the presentation of model individuals) and helped to form consumer attitudes. The authoress presents the image of the early stages of reform that was conveyed in the press, and its reflection in sociological studies; the autorepresentation of entrepreneurs in the press discourse; distinctions between the different possibilities offered by consumerism and the problems of postsocialist advertising, as well as the paradoxes of early capitalism as revealed in this press discourse.

18

The effect of higher-education environment on choice of entrepreneurial career. An international comparative analysis in 2006

80%

Szerb L. , Markus G.

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)

|

2007

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tom 54

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nr 3

248-273

EN

Present-day international research shows that future economic growth and job creation depend on the 'gazelles' - a small proportion of newly founded firms. One feature of the entrepreneurs who start and run these gazelles is that they have higher educational qualifications. Many other newly started firms, possibly with smaller growth potential, are also in graduate ownership. This is one important reason to know what proportion of university and college students intend to start a business after graduating. The study is based on data on entrepreneurial ambitions among 3346 students in eight Hungarian universities, taken from the 'Collegiate Entrepreneurship 2006' international survey of over 37,000 students in 14 countries. The survey shows that Hungarian students score within the international average, but below average if quality criteria are taken into account. However, the survey showed that attending entrepreneurial courses had a positive effect on entrepreneurial career choice, although further investigations are needed to prove the causal connection conclusively and gauge the strength of the connection. The study also makes economic recommendations for education policy. The entrepreurial careers of graduates would be assisted by making entrepreneurial courses compulsory in higher economic education and adult training, in line with world tendencies and the ideas of students themselves.

19

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN HIGHER EDUCATION - SUBSTANTIVE ISSUES AND METHODICAL CHALLENGES (Przedsiebiorczosc jako przedmiot nauczania na wyzszej uczelni - wyzwania merytoryczne i metodyczne)

80%

Richert-Kazmierska A.

e-mentor

|

2011

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nr 2 (39)

38-43

EN

Until now in Poland, entrepreneurship - as an obligatory subject in the teaching programme - has been introduced only in secondary schools. There aren't general rules about entrepreneurship's education in higher education. The results of research show that most of classes related to entrepreneurship issues are offered in the curriculums of business-oriented faculties, in private universities. The biggest gap in that field is in curriculums of humanistic and exact sciences faculties. There is a great need of activities developing entrepreneurship in Polish higher education. One of the ways can be introducing entrepreneurship as an obligatory subject in curriculums of different faculties and different levels of studies. There is also a need of academic teachers support system creation.

20

Spowolnienie gospodarcze a wielkość firmy. Wybrane wnioski z badań nad sytuacją przedsiębiorstw w latach 2008−2009

80%

Morawczyński R.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2012

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nr 897

5-23

EN

The aim of the article is to investigate evidence for a relationship between the size of Polish firms and their reaction to the 2008–2009 slowdown. The method is based on a statistical comparison of different size firms measured with employment, using data collected in a sample of 100 companies. Data was obtained in a telephone survey representing a broad range of activities, ages and markets served. A review of other Polish research as well as a summary of macroeconomic conditions in the years 2008–2009 is presented as an introduction. The results show a comparison between three categories of firms (micro, small, medium) in a few areas. The analysis covers topics such as: temporal aspects, outcomes in various routines of the companies, the impact of external factors and methods of coping. Factor analysis was employed to reduce the multidimensionality of the problems researched. The results show that the vast majority of surveyed firms experienced slowdown effects and that the observed impact depends on employed indicators and firm size. The smallest firms had more problems maintaining liquidity and obtaining adequate financing. Such companies experienced competitive pressure from the shadow economy more deeply. Tiny differences were found as to the perception of changes in the environment. Company size is also a weak indicator of the way in which firms reacted to the effects of slowdown.