Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Developmental differences in the understanding of beliefs and desires

100%

Putko A.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2005

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tom 36

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nr 2

109-115

EN

Seventy-two children between the ages of 3 and 5 took part in an investigation of the relations between the development of understanding of the two core concepts of theory-of-mind - desires and beliefs. Desire understanding was assessed by tasks requiring fulfilled or unfulfilled desires to be recalled and to predict desire-related emotions. Belief understanding was measured using false-belief task in standard and social version. Results showed that 3-year-olds have difficulty with the understanding of unfulfilled desires and false beliefs. In addition, specific links were found between the understanding of unfulfilled desires and false belief performance. These links suggest that the understanding of unfulfilled desires may be some kind of developmental bridge between the understanding of simple 'contentive' and more complex 'indicative' form of mental representations. The implications of these results for theory-of-mind development are discussed.

2

Façade, Desire, Human Drama. Approaching Bruno Schulz with Emmanuel Lévinas and Józef Tischner

100%

Cain F.

Euro-Facta

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2010

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tom 2. Kultura a komunikacja

271-280

EN

The author interprets Bruno Schulz’s story “The street of crocodiles” from the perspective of philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas and Jozef Tischner.

3

Liminality and Desire in Bruno Schulz’s Short Prose

100%

Brandt H.

Euro-Facta

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2010

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tom 2. Kultura a komunikacja

281-287

EN

The general idea for this article goes back to the rigorous discussions of Bruno Schulz and the notions of tolerance in two seminars taught by Prof. Dr. Markowski and Dr. Rebes at the Jagiellonian University of Cracow during the winter term 2007/2008. The article discusses the relation of liminality and transcendence in the writings of the Polish writer Bruno Schulz. Based on an analysis of several of Schulz’s short stories the dichotomous relation between reality and transcendence is examined. The central point of interest is the contact zone, which is regarded as a liminal space between reality and transcendence. Following Ewa Karpinska, this border is understood as both, dividing and ordering. The introduction of the border shifts the analysis from temporal to spatial terms, which allows understanding the juxtaposition or even the simultaneous existence of both, reality and transcendence. This exactly is the Schulzian struggle. Having opened that field the essay introduces the ethical principles of Immanuel Levinas. The latter’s radical ethics of morality and Jozef Tischner’s conceptualization this, the Philosophy of Drama, are than applied to Schulzian writing. This opens up a new way of accessing the liminality in contact zones. It is the unveiling and stepping out of an isolated and constructed reality that is the aim of the protagonist in Schulz’s stories. His striving for the ‘pure’ compares to what in Levinas’ philosophy would be the striving towards the other’s Antlitz. This desire can never be fully reached, but it is the idea of desiring as such that Levinas introduces. This idea is laid out by Schulz in his philosophically programmatic essay Mythologizing of Reality. The condition of desire manifests itself as an unstable liminality. This fragile status of liminality prevents the protagonist from getting stuck in dull materiality of a „fake reality” or, in Levinas’ case, it prevents the I from getting stuck in the egocentric borders of self-sufficiency and ignorance.

4

INTENTIONS AND AGENCY

88%

Wágner Z.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2009

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tom 64

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nr 8

739-747

EN

In this paper the author investigates Harry G. Frankfurt's philosophy of action from the point of view of the concept of intentionality in action. Many influential philosophers of action assume that agents have a separate faculty to form intentions. Most notably, Michael E. Bratman, David J. Velleman and Gary Watson claim that this ability is centrally important to our ability to act. To be agents, it seems to be necessary to actively influence our behaviour, and intentions play a significant role in this process. However, very controversially, Frankfurt's philosophy seems to imply that we do not have a separate ability to form intentions. Rather, our intentions are reducible to a certain type of complex desires. So it seems that in the same way as he reduces reason to desires (most notably in his book 'The Reasons of Love'), he reduces our ability to form intentions to a special way of desiring as well. The author discusses some difficulties of this view, and he tries to point out some advantages of the contrary view according to which they have a separate faculty to actively form intentions.

5

AGAINST THE BESIRE THEORY OF MORAL JUDGMENT

88%

Park S.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2013

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tom 20

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nr 1

5 - 17

EN

This paper critically examines two objections and raises a new objection against the besire theory of moral judgment. Firstly, Smith (1994) observes that a belief that p tends to expire whereas a desire that p tends to endure on the perception that not p. His observation does not refute the sophisticated version of the besire theory that to besire that p is to believe that p and to desire to act in accordance with the belief that p. Secondly, Zangwill (2008) claims that the strength of motivation may vary while the degree of belief remains constant. Besirists would reply that a besire admits of both degree and strength. Finally, the author argues that the belief that p endures while the desire to act on the belief that p expires with the introduction of a new bodily condition, and hence that the belief and the desire are distinct mental states.

6

BLÍŽNY – VEC

75%

Žižek S.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2012

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tom 67

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nr 8

670 – 676

EN

The fragment from the author’s book offers one possible approach to the phenomenon of violence from the perspective of the difference between the Neighbour and the Thing. The fear is nowadays the essential component of subjectivity. By postulating the immeasurable Other as the Neighbour Lévinas tries to approach the problem of the radical alien of the Other. The radical ambiguity of the alien reveals itself in a traumatized subject in whom the gap is permanently present as an inner split: the personal experience on one side and the horrifying deeds on the other. The offered “side-view” is based on the thesis that the inner content of every ethical stand is constituted in a violent gesture of exclusion, which also means scarifying the desire. The more universal the ethics, the more brutal is this exclusion, which is a manifestation of non-consistency and powerlessness. Paradoxically, this condition is a positive one, making the ethical attitude as such possible.

7

DO EMOTIONS HAVE DIRECTIONS OF FIT?

75%

Yang S.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2016

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tom 23

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nr 1

32 – 49

EN

The author ś aim in this paper is to provide a series of arguments against the conception of emotional truth. If we accept the idea that emotions are eligible for being truth-apt, then we are conceding to the view that emotions are capable of having epistemic warrant. Many contemporary writers regard this kind of warrant as the concept of appropriateness or fittingness that is taken to be analogous to truth in the emotional realm (e.g. D’Arms – Jacobson 2000a, Nussbaum 2001, de Sousa 2002, Morton 2002, Goldie 2004). Yet, if we allow an analogy between appropriateness and truth, it would seem to allow that emotions are capable of being true or false. However, the author argues against the concept of truth in the emotional realm, for there are some emotions that cannot be reduced to propositional attitudes which are eligible for being truth-apt, unlike beliefs, thoughts, and judgments. The author shall demonstrate these cases in terms of recalcitrant emotions. Especially, he argues that some emotions are not eligible for being truth-apt by utilizing the notion of ‘direction of fit’. He argues that emotions have neither directions of fit, since emotion is only embedded in belief or desire. Finally, the author concludes that appropriateness of emotions differs from truth or satisfaction by demonstrating that the norms of belief/desire differ from norms of emotion. Hence, he argues, it is a mistake to give an account of all these, namely, belief, desire and emotion in terms of rationality.

8

Logika tego samego, czyli o zasadzie to(z)samości – od Luce Irigaray do Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick

75%

Marzec A.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2014

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tom 42

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nr 3

107-132

EN

This article focuses on the mechanisms of the formation of homogeneous and hegemonic social structures based on predominance of one sex, exclusion of difference, and otherness. Reflecting on Luce Irigaray's thought, the author describes hom(m)o-sexual society with the use of the concepts of sameness and specula(risa)tion. He also shows how the exchange of women plays a constitutive role in creating an illusion of change and movement, and how it enables male-male relations in the homogeneous, identical male community. The author develops this approach by referring to Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's concept of homosocial desire. In the phallic economy, men desire women only indirectly, and the latter serve as vehicles between men. In such a society a woman is located outside the symbolic order, or becomes an object of exchange, a currency or commodity. She is a mirror (speculum) which enables the male subject to look at himself and his desires, having no reflection or representation of herself. Therefore, following Irigaray, the author attempts to show the possibility of a different subjectivity from the one built on the rule of sameness. The French philosopher finds the cause of the lack of difference in the symbolic murder of the mother, which was committed in the history of European philosophy and which laid foundations for logocentrism.

9

BE CAREFUL WHAT YOU WISH FOR! DESIRED AND ACTUAL BEHAVIOR INCONSISTENCY IN FRUSTRATING AND PROVOKING SITUATIONS AS PREDICTORS OF DEPRESSION

75%

Zajenkowska A. , Ulatowska J. , Prusik M. , Budziszewska M.

Studia Psychologica

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2017

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tom 59

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nr 4

243 – 255

EN

Studies have shown that both expressing uncontrolled anger and suppressing anger are related to depression. Taking the latter into consideration, we explored another possible mechanism that could be used to predict the level of depression – the consistency between desired and undertaken behaviour. In Study 1 (N = 270) we tested whether depressive symptoms are related to emotional reactions in provoking or frustrating situations. The results revealed that higher levels of sensitivity to provocations and to frustrations contributed to higher levels of depression. In Study 2 (N = 195) we applied quantitative and qualitative analyses to test whether the severity of depressive symptoms could be predicted by the consistency of what people desire to do and how they actually act, when exposed to frustrating and provocative situations. The results showed that higher perceived consistency was related to lower levels of depression. The results are discussed in terms of the psychodynamic theory.

10

Pragnienie, wola i powinność. Spór o rolę samowiedzy w filozofii średniowiecznej i współczesnej

75%

Płotka M.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2015

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tom 43

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nr 1

79-97

EN

The aim of the article is to present the role played by the will in human action in the accounts of Thomas Aquinas and John Buridan. The achievements of contemporary analytic philosophy are the context for considering medieval theories of action. First, I focus on second-order volitions whose objects are desires (John Buridan and Harry Frankfurt). Next, I present the modifications of this theory carried out by Thomas Aquinas and Lawrence A. Blum. They agree in postulating some kind of self-cognition as the source of second-order volitions; however, it would seem that Aquinas, who argues for placing the source of such acts in obligation (God’s principles), offers a significant improvement on Blum’s account.

11

TOUHA, SLAST A KOMUNIKACE

75%

Fulka J.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2009

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tom 64

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nr 5

443-453

EN

The aim of the paper is to reconsider Barthes' theory of textuality, as presented in his 'The Pleasure of the Text'. Barthes' approach is based on the rejection of the 'referential' or 'realistic' theories of literary text: the Barthesian pleasure is drawn from the texture of the text itself rather that from its alleged referential character. In this sense, the author's suggestion is to return to the notion of representation rejected by Barthes, even though this representation should not be identical with the reference in the classical sense of the word. The notion of 'weak representation', suggested by the author, does not mean a return to a naive conception of realism. It rather implies that the referent would be a fantasmatic rather than 'realistic' entity. The notions of representation and reference are exemplified by the interpretation of Richardson's 'Clarissa' and Hardy's 'Tess of the d'Urbevilles'.

12

Rozpowszechnienie na dużą skalę strategii bilansowania energii elektrycznej produkowanej w odnawialnych źródłach energii - desire

71%

Wojdyga K. , Laskowski R. , Lec M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2006

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tom z. 40 [229]

593-599

PL

DESIRE ma za zadanie określenie możliwości współpracy odnawialnych źródeł energii elektrycznej, jakimi są elektrownie wiatrowe ze źródłami skojarzonej produkcji energii elektrycznej i ciepła (CHP) w systemie elektroenergetycznym. Taka współpraca źródeł stworzy nowe możliwości i zwiększy potencjał handlu energią elektryczną na rynku energii w Europie, co znacznie poprawi finansową (ekonomiczną) konkurencyjność obu źródeł energii tzn. źródeł skojarzonych wytwarzających energię elektryczną i ciepło i elektrowni wiatrowych. Zwiększy się również zdolność zagospodarowania przez operatorów systemów elektroenergetycznych rosnących ilości energii elektrycznej generowanej w rozproszonych zdecentralizowanych źródłach.

EN

DESIRE will disseminate practices which will integrate fluctuating renewabIe electricity supplies such as wind power into electricity systems using combined heat and power. This integration will make possible an increase in pan-European trade in electricity, it will improve the economic competitiveness of both CHP and wind power and it will increase the ability of electricity system operators to handle increasing quantities of electricity generated by decentralized sources.

13

Produkcja energii odnawialnej - analiza porównawcza dla 6 krajów europejskich

71%

Wojdyga K. , Laskowski R. , Lec M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2006

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tom z. 40 [229]

583-591

PL

Projekt DESIRE ma za zadanie określenie możliwości współpracy odnawialnych źródeł energii elektrycznej, jakimi są elektrownie wiatrowe ze źródłami skojarzonej produkcji energii elektrycznej i ciepła (CHP) w systemie elektroenergetycznym. Poniższy referat porównuje sytuację na rynku energii odnawialnych w krajach biorących udział w tymże projekcie.

EN

The situations of energy market in the countries participate in DESIRE project are different. In this paper the situation sources of energy, especially renewabIe sources of energy are presented. Energy assumptions these countries till 2025 with special including renewabIe sources of energy are shown. The part of these assumptions are very difficult to execute.

14

APENDIX: KOMÉDIA A LÁSKA

63%

Zupančič A.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2012

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tom 67

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nr 8

646 – 658

EN

The article deals with the logic of comedy and its inherent connection with the “functioning” of love (or better “the love which does work”). The comical along with laughter is a Nietzschean theme par excellence; love, on its turn, the most “tangible” figure of duality. Here “two” does not represent a pair or two people; it is a figure which resolves the antinomy of desire (“willing”) and delight (Thing, Nothingness) by articulating them both on the same thematic background. Thus the core of Nietzsche’s theory of duality, is revealed, i.e. the truth and the real as a “montage” of two illusions. The latter is analysed in the author’s book, which includes also the published chapter conceived as a separate appendix.

15

Autonomia kobiet w kontekście migracyjnym. Rozważania na przykładzie polskich migrantek w Norwegii

63%

Gmaj K.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2019

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tom 45

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nr 4 (174)

165–191

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie strategii badawczej, którą warto zastosować, starając się lepiej zrozumieć obecność Polek w Norwegii. Ich napływ do Norwegii i późniejsze ścieżki migracyjne w dużym stopniu kształtował nieformalny charakter podejmowanych prac. Polki korzystały też z w pełni sformalizowanych możliwości przyjazdu. Dynamiczny wzrost liczby polskich migrantów rozpoczął się po 2004 roku. Wciąż obserwujemy dysproporcję między liczbą mężczyzn i kobiet. Tych ostatnich jest mniej, ale są lepiej wykształcone. Analizowanie migracji jedynie z perspektywy ekonomicznej motywacji, nie oddaje bardziej złożonego charakteru zjawiska. Migracje Polek można lepiej zrozumieć, odwołując się do perspektywy biograficznej i używając pojęć, takich jak pragnienia, aspiracja i autonomia. W artykule wykorzystałam materiał z własnych badań, zebrany podczas pobytów w Norwegii jako visiting researcher na Oslo Metropolitan University (dawniej Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences) oraz projektu Transfam. Przeanalizowałam wywiady z kobietami, które do pracy za granicę wyjechały samodzielnie. Poszczególnym fazom biografii przypisane zostały odpowiadające im pragnienia, aspiracje, proces podejmowania decyzji oraz sposób realizacji pragnień.

EN

The article aims at presenting a research strategy that provides a better understanding of the presence of Polish females in Norway. A significant part of female migrants’ inflow as well as their strategies and career paths have been shaped by an irregular and undocumented character of work. However, other Polish women have legalized their stay using family reunification procedures, recruitment agencies or other channels providing legal employment. The rapid increase in the number of Polish migrants in Norway was evident after 2004. Although female migrants are lees numerous than male ones, they are better educated. An investigation that is limited to economic motivations does not reflect the more complex nature of their mobility. Using a conceptual framework of desire, aspiration and autonomy, together with a biographical approach, seems to be more fruitful. The author analyses interviews with women who started their international mobility on their own. Phases of a biography are related to corresponding desires, aspirations, decision-making processes and a way of fulfilling or transforming an initial desire. The article is based on Transfam research and material gathered by the author during her visits as a visiting researcher at Oslo Metropolitan University (former Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences).

16

Nadziejność. Wprowadzenie do fenomenologii nadziei podstawowej

63%

Filek J.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2018

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tom 46

|

nr 2

151-161

EN

The objective of the article is to raise anew the basic question about hope. A number of distinctions are introduced, such as between a positive hope and a negative hope, a passive and an active hope, and, most importantly, between hope with and without an object, the latter of which is recognized here as the basic phenomenon of hope. Additionally, a dialogical interpretation of hope is proposed, where the human ego is not so much the subject of its hope as the depositary of the hope of the Other. The relationships between hope and desire and hope and promising are also presented in brief.

17

Fantastička preobraženja tela u erotskoj prozi savremenih slovenskih autora (Viničuk, Jastrun, Aćin, Goralik i Kuznjecov)

51%

Ajdačić D.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2011

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tom 153

161-169

EN

The author analises the fantastic transformations of the body in the contemporary erotic Slavic prose — the novel Malva Landa (2003) by Ukrainian writer Jurij Vinichuk, the short novel Dnevnik izgnane duše (2005) by Serb Jovica Aćin, the novel Net (2004) by Russians Linor Goralik i Sergej Kuznecov, stories Gorący lód (2002) by Polish author Tomasz Jastrun. The erotic fantastic prose of these authors presents the literary view of desired and unperfect body, demonic disembodiment, metaphors of animal and human body.