Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Vliv rozpadu sovětského bloku na československo-sovětské hospodářské vztahy v letech 1989–1992

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Fabianková K. , Kashapov T. , Jakubec I.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2014

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tom 100

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nr 1

113-139

EN

The paper, which is divided into two parts, analyzes the effects of the breakdown of the Soviet bloc on the development of Soviet-Czechoslovak economic relations in the period of 1989–1992. The first section describes the influence of specified factors on bilateral trade in the years 1989–1990. The second part examines changes in the structure of mutual trade cooperation in the phase of renewal and modernization of bilateral relations (1991– 1992). The intensity of mutual trade was reduced during this period, but the structure never changed. Czechoslovakia remained an important exporter of the general engineering products to the Soviet Union, and the USSR kept its place as the main supplier of raw materials and fuels for the CSFR. Given this structure of trade, the cooperation between its successor countries may be considered to have been mutually advantageous, especially in the engineering and raw materials transportation and processing sectors.

2

FOR THE ANNIVERSARY OF PhD IN HISTORY, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, A MEMBER OF OUR YEARBOOK EDITORIAL BOARD ĽUBICA HARBUĽOVÁ

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Švorc P.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2022

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nr 31

326-330

EN

The article covers the biography and scholarly activities of PhD in History, Associate Professor, a member of our yearbook editorial board Ľubica Harbuľová

3

Tourism and film in the Polish People's Republic in the 1950s

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Ciszewska E.

Turystyka Kulturowa

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2017

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nr 2

178-194

PL

The article considers the relationship between film and tourism in the initial period of the Polish People's Republic (PPR). It puts forward the question about the possibility of applying the concept of film tourism (film-induced tourism) to research into the relationship of the cinematographic industry and tourism in Poland in the 1950s. The presented argument assumes that considerations in this field should rely on textual analyses, extended by reception of supplementary materials. Research into the phenomenon of the relationship between film and tourism requires understanding the realities of how the tourism industry functions, hence the article also discusses the key problems associated with the growth of tourism in Poland and Czechoslovakia in the 1950s. The proposed research approach is illustrated by a discussion of the film-tourism relationship on the example of the first post-war Polish-Czechoslovakian co-production entitled What Will My Wife Say to This? (Co řekne žena/Zadzwońcie do mojej żony, 1958, by Jaroslav Mach). The text considers the role the film was given in the process of building positive meanings associated with Poland as a tourist destination, and how these associations were constructed.

4

Karlín and Kings Road: Two Different Worlds. A Comparison of the Political Success of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and Communist Party of Great Britain between the World Wars

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Melichar B.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2018

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nr 27

94-120

EN

The study gives a comparative analysis of Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPC), which were chosen as unique examples of success and failure of national sections of Communist international among interwar Europe. The aim of the submitted research is to explain the paradoxical success of CPC sharply contrasted with the marginalization of CPGB. Historical fact that communists ideas were much less popular in Great Britain, a country with the highly developed capitalist system, than in a young Czechoslovak republic, completely turns over the expectations based on the classical texts of Marxist philosophers. The comparison of the organizational evolution of CPGB and CPC, their integration to the national political systems and possibilities of delegitimizations of symbolic pillars of British and Czechoslovak society can stress the causes of stability or instability of societies, in which these branches of communist movement worked. The inquiry that analyzes side by side the impact of two-party and multi-party political system, the role of social implication of open world of empire and small linguistic closed nation, a monarchy and president office as symbols of political and social stability can explore a new perspective on the research of the broad topic of interwar communist movement. Chosen type of individualizing comparison analysis put differences above consistent features in the attempt to highlight causes of openness of Czechoslovak society to the radical left ideology of Marxism-Leninism in the examined era.

5

“Let´s Slaughter the Gypsies!” : Anti-Roma Pogrom in Pobedim in 1928

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Baloun P.

Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

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2017

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tom 9

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nr 1

55-88

EN

This article deals with the multiple murders of Roma people committed by a number of local citizens in Pobedim, a village in West Slovakia, during the night of October 1 - 2, 1928, which could be understood as an anti-Roma pogrom. Attention is paid to the interactions between different Czechoslovak state authorities such as gendarmerie, the district office, provincial office, court and municipalities in the region shortly before the outbreak of the pogrom and in its aftermath. Drawing on Giorgio Agamben´s theory elaborated for the analysis of anti-Gypsy measures by various scholars, e.g. Jennifer Illuzzi, the author argues that the extreme violence resulted from the tensions and conflicts between those historical actors who enforced the contemporary anti-Gypsy measures on the regional level and which led to the creation of the state of exception for the population labeled as Gypsies. The analysis also reveals the variety of contemporary practices of exclusion towards the population labeled as Gypsies in interwar Czechoslovakia. Despite the fact that the Roma were victims of a brutal assault even the trials attest to the extreme asymmetry of power between the accused portrayed as "decent citizens" and the bare lives of the Roma. Because the executive state authorities circumvented the judiciary and forged their own solution allegedly more suited to the public interest, the Roma were caught in the state of exception. Furthermore, the article shows how ideas of Gypsies´ internment in various types of forced labor camps as a permanent and spatial embodiment of the state of exception stemmed from the dynamic of enforcing anti-Gypsy measures.

6

Počátky československého četnictva na Podkarpatské Rusi v letech 1919-1922

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Hubený D.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2023

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tom 109

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nr 2

193-208

EN

The provision of security in Subcarpathian Ruthenia represented a difficult task for Czechoslovakia, which had to be realized in the period of the postwar disruption with insufficient material and human resources, and it was often necessary to reckon with passionate social, ethnic, and religious movements. The gendarmerie, initially operating on the principle of temporarily or permanently transferred gendarmes from the Czech lands, who naturally had to first become acclimatized to their new environment, represented the basic security force that provided for public peace and stability in the countryside and small towns.

7

Organization and Functioning of Intelligence Formations since the Creation of Czechoslovakia Until the End of World War II

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Dworzecki J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

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2019

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nr 3

42-50

EN

The paper discusses issues of creation, organization and functioning of intelligence formations operating in Czechoslovakia in the period between the rise of an independent state until the end of World War II and presents the mechanisms of recruiting full-time officers and spies as well as civilian informers. In addition, the paper features methods used by intelligence agents as well as applied models of managing human and operational capital together with examples of undercover actions undertaken by specialized intelligence units.

8

Mapping the Status of the Greek Catholic Church after 1948 from the Perspective of Selected Local Periodicals

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Lukáčova J. , Šturák P. , Kichera V.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2023

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tom 14

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nr 2

439-455

EN

Aim. The article discusses the status of the Greek Catholic Church from 1948 to 1950. It also presents how this period was presented through media. Since it is possible to investigate this aspect within the framework of a comparison of several media channels, we have decided to introduce the comparison through the perspective of the daily-newspaper Rudé právo. Methods. The findings of our research study are based on the data collected from archival and documentary sources, as well as professional studies and monographs related to the above-mentioned topic. Results. Based on our research topic, we can understand how the attitude towards the Greek Catholic Church changed after the events of February 1948 and what impact the change of regime had on its functioning. Regarding media, we can observe how the pressure on the Greek Catholic Church changed in relation to the regime change and individual historical events, and how the media expressed its opinion on the Church. Conclusion. Media is not only a source of information for people, but it also creates public opinion, and therefore, it was extremely important to control this state apparatus in the past. We must understand that availability of information in the 1950s and today is significantly different. Catholic periodicals were almost non-existent and thus, people often received misleading or false information. Through our research, which is presented in the tabular presentation of data, we can discover the increasing pressure against the Church, and the response of the public to the Church.

9

The first steps of socialist realism in Czechoslovakia: a long visit by Soviet architects in 1946-1947 and the Czechoslovak response

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Hanáčková M.

Umění (Art)

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2022

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tom 70

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nr 1

19-37

EN

At the turn of 1946 and 1947, ten Soviet architects affiliated with the Academy of Architecture in Moscow visited Czechoslovakia. Over the course of two months, they visited eighteen towns and cities. They were interested in historical, modern and contemporary architecture, as well as in the methods of post-war reconstruction, and visited many institutions associated with architecture. They also organised several lectures. The Soviet architects engaged in debates with their Czechoslovak counterparts on the architecture of both countries and appear to have genuinely sought common ground between them. This study has two main goals. The first is to answer the question of whether, prior to the 1948 coup d’état, the Soviet delegation might already have been attempting to promote the ideas of socialist realism in Czechoslovakia. To this end I will examine the activities and opinions of the Soviet architects as revealed during their visits to Brno and Prague. From Brno we have mainly records of discussions between Soviet and Brno-based architects linked to interwar functionalism and the local school of architecture. These documents reveal a search for points in common during the creation of socialist architecture, as well as a revaluation of modernism and the relationship to folk architecture. In Prague, the Soviet visitors gave several lectures and discussions in which they provided information about Soviet architecture, while making clear their allegiance to socialist realism. My second goal is to examine the reaction of Czechoslovak architects to the visit, including to the presentation of socialist realism, which they had already encountered during the interwar years. As regards their reaction to Soviet architecture after the visit from their Soviet counterparts, the Czech architects can be roughly divided into two groups. The first, represented by older architects active during the First Republic, expressed a sympathy with the eclecticism of Soviet architecture, though disagreed with it and expressed its hope that Czechoslovak socialist architecture would give rise to different outcomes. The second group, comprising young architects unburdened by the struggle of the interwar avant-garde, was far more positive and adopted an uncritical approach to Soviet architecture.

CS

Na přelomu let 1946–1947 Československo navštívilo deset sovětských architektů profesně spřízněných s Akademií architektury v Moskvě. Během dvou měsíců tato výprava zavítala do osmnácti československých měst. Zajímala se jak o místní historickou, moderní i současnou architekturu, tak i o způsoby poválečné rekonstrukce, navštívila četné instituce spojené s architekturou, jako byly školy, městské a zemské plánovací ústavy, a uspořádala několik přednášek. Debatovala se svými československými protějšky o architektuře obou zemí a zdá se, že mezi nimi hledala společná témata. Tato studie má dva hlavní cíle. První zodpovídá otázku, zda se sovětská delegace již v době před státním převratem v roce 1948 mohla v Československu pokoušet propagovat myšlenky socialistického realismu. K tomu slouží především studium aktivit a názorových východisek sovětských architektů, které prezentovali při návštěvě Brna a Prahy. Z Brna existují hlavně záznamy o diskusích mezi sovětskými a brněnskými architekty, kteří byli svázáni s meziválečným funkcionalismem a místní školou architektury (s Jiřím Krohou či Antonínem Kurialem). Tyto doklady vypovídají hlavně o hledání společných předpokladů při budování socialistické architektury, přehodnocování modernismu či vztahu k lidové architektuře. V Praze Sověti přednesli několik přednášek a diskusí, v kterých sice věcně informovali, o sovětské architektuře, ale dávali jasně najevo, že sovětská architektura jde cestou socialistického realismu. Lze se domnívat, že své stanovisko zastávali během celého pobytu. Druhým cílem studie je prozkoumat reakce československých architektů na tuto návštěvu včetně odezvy na představení socialistického realismu, s nímž se setkali již v době mezi válkami. Ohlasy československých architektů na sovětskou architekturu po sovětské návštěvě lze zhruba rozdělit na dvě skupiny. První, reprezentovaná staršími architekty, kteří byli činní za první republiky, vyjádřila pochopení pro eklektické projevy sovětské architektury, i když s nimi nesouhlasila a dle všeho doufala, že československá socialistická architektura se projeví jinou formou. Druhá skupina, mladí architekti nezatížení boji meziválečné avantgardy, se dle všeho projevovala daleko pozitivnějším, a především nekritickým postojem k sovětské architektuře.

10

Polsko-czechosłowackie kontakty kulturalne i naukowe 1945–1956

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Szczepańska-Dudziak A.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2015

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nr 1(8)

212-235

EN

The Polish-Czechoslovak cultural and scientifi c relations were initiated upon the end of the Second World War. An agreement on the cultural cooperation between Prague and Warsaw was signed in July 1947. Most successful in the fi eld of literature, the cooperation begot translations of literary works. In addition, contacts were established in other areas, such as theatre, cinema, photography, art, music and science. It is noteworthy that the cooperation was largely a matter of propaganda, intended to emphasise the achievements of socialism and the mutual friendship of fraternal socialist countries. Monopolized by the organs of state, it nevertheless formed the basis for establishing a number of personal relations between Polish and Czech and Slovak researchers and artists.

11

«ПРАЗЬКА ВЕСНА» 1968 РОКУ В ЧЕХОСЛОВАЧЧИНІ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ІСТОРІОГРАФІЇ

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Postolovskyj R. , Slesarenko A.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2018

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nr 27

EN

The article deals with the scientific achievements of Ukrainian historians concerning the study of the Prague Spring in 1968, as well as the reflection of these historical events in memoir literature (memoirs of P. Shelest). The theme of the Prague Spring, its political defeat has always been given considerable attention in the Ukrainian historical Slavic studies. The influence on the Ukrainian historical science of a new stage in the study of the political history of Czechoslovakia in 1968, which began after the “velvet” revolution of 1989, was made by Czech and Slovak historians. Significant scientific interest in the history of the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the second half of the XX century show modern Ukrainian slavists of academic and university centers of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, Uzhgorod, Rivne, Chernivtsi, there were separate works, scientific articles, manuals and collective works. Among the studies of domestic historians, the authors singled out the monographic works of I. Korol, I. Vovkanych, R. Pilyavets, articles by S. Vidnyansky, S. Motruk, R. Postolovsky, publications about the echo of events in 1968 in Ukraine V. Dmytruk. The analysis of the national historiography of the Prague Spring shows that the understanding and interpretation of the events of fifty years ago by Ukrainian historians have undergone evolution. Departing from the Communist Party paradigm of anti-socialist rebellion and justifying the intervention of the states of the Warsaw treaty organization of the Soviet period, domestic scientists consider the phenomenon of the Prague Spring as an attempt of democratic transformation of the socialist system by the Czech and Slovak societies.

12

Sociální postavení příslušníků československého četnictva 1918–1939

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Kolářová I. , Kolář O.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2015

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tom 113

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nr 1

76-96

EN

The introductory part of this study gives an insight into the pay rates and accommodation available for Czechoslovak Gendarmerie. Attention is also devoted to the attitudes of the main political parties to the issues of the gendarmerie and to the question of a proposed reform and the “democratisation” of the force. This is followed by an outline of attitudes held by the public and the media towards the gendarmerie and an attempt to answer the question of how the members of the force viewed their own role in society.

13

On the Character of the Foreign Trade of the People’s Republic of China in the Period 1949–1969

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Skřivan Jr. A.

West Bohemian Historical Review

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2017

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tom 7

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nr 1

165-180

EN

Foreign trade was one of the first areas of the Chinese economy which passed completely under the state control after the establishment of the Communist regime in China. The Beijing government started to build a new institutional model inspired by the Soviet experience. Like in other Communist states, the PRC’s foreign economic relations were strongly influenced by political and ideological factors determining not only territorial structure of foreign trade. In general, foreign trade had a positive impact on both the development of the industrial sector and the whole economy in the 1950s, while in the 1960s the PRC’s foreign economic relations were naturally limited by political tensions in relations with the Soviet bloc and also heavily impacted by the problems of the domestic economy.

14

DYSKONTYNUACJA SYSTEMU PRAWNOPAŃSTWOWEGO I TRANSFORMACYJNEGO REPUBLIKI SŁOWACKIEJ W LATACH 1992–1994

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Żarna K.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

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2019

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nr 2(17)

129-141 (13)

EN

The article concerns an analysis of the political situation in the Slovak Republic between the years 1992–1994 and the formation of the legal and state system. In the analysed period, the process of decomposition of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic took place or, to be more precise, the finalisation of this process. The study is based on the assumption that in the analysed period there were many divisions observed on the political scene, which was the result of the lack of a stable political structure.

15

Ve vládě v čase krize. Memoáry Františka Ježka

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Vašek R.

Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

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2012

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tom 4

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nr Supplementum_2

39-58

EN

This paper focuses on the memoirs of František Ježek, politician and member of the Czechoslovak National Democratic Party (after 1935 the National Union). In 1938 Ježek was a member of the Czechoslovak cabinet as the Minister of Public Health. His text is one of the most important unpublished Czechoslovak memoirs dealing with the topic of the Munich Agreement in 1938. This manuscript provides detailed information on the activities of the Czechoslovak government and political parties in the critical year of 1938.

16

Československo a Svatý stolec na složité cestě k Modu vivendi

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Helan P.

Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

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2018

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tom 10

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nr 1

9-29

EN

The article describes the relationship between the interwar Czechoslovakia and the Holy See in the light of the materials of the Congregation for extraordinary ecclesiastical affairs (Segreteria di Stato, Sezione per i Rapporti con gli Stati, Archivio Storico, Congregazione degli Affari Ecclesiastici Straordinari, fondo Rapporti-Sessioni). These materials are compared with the sources from the Czech Archives, above all from the Ministry of Foreign Affaires. They show that the diplomatic conflict that broke out in 1925 was on the brink of exploding since 1921. The Holy See perceived the legalisation of Jan Hus Day in 1925 as a key issue, whilst the Czechoslovak political leadership, especially Edvard Beneš, underestimated the situation. The Czechoslovak leadership had to find a compromise not only with Vatican diplomacy, but also with the left-leaning public opinion in Czechoslovakia. Disinformation, or shifting information was also part of the difficult negotiation on mutual compromise.

17

Kontinuita a diskontinuita vývoje sociálního státu v Československu (1918–1956)

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Rákosník J.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2013

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nr 1-2

15-39

EN

This article is concerned with the long-term trends in the development of social policy between the First World War and the mid-1950s. The author begins by summarizing the main ideas of his own previous articles and books. He emphasizes the continuity and discontinuity in the general conception of Czechoslovak social policy in this period. He also considers conceptual questions, particularly those that would help to explain how the basic terms are employed in historical analysis. The article moves between the two poles of the construction of causality – structural explanation and voluntaristic explanation. The content of the article can be aptly summed up in a neat metaphor: from Bismarck by way of Beveridge to Stalin. In personifi ed form, this shortcut expresses the long-term development of Czechoslovak social policy: from an emphasis on principles of merit, characteristic of the traditional German and Austrian social insurance schemes, by way of a considerably more egalitarian national insurance from 1948 (strongly infl uenced by the British system), to the Soviet model of social security, which developed from 1951 to 1956. The article also considers important changes in social legislation in the Czechoslovak Republic in this period, including the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

18

Les grands projets de réseaux routiers tchécoslovaques entre rêve et réalité (1918–1938)

100%

Oliva J.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2015

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tom 21

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nr 1

42-54

EN

Czechoslovakia was planning (and it also managed to carry out during the First Republic) many big public constructions. There were also transport infrastructures, such as railroads, airport, waterways and road infrastructure. The functioning transport infrastructure was naturally deemed as the basic element for building of the new Czechoslovak state, being it not only from the political, but also economic point of view. This entry is focused on the road network the importance of which was not appreciated in between the wars as much when compared to the railways. In spite of that important changes were being made, being it both in planning and construction processes. The entry presents five major projects that reflect new tendencies both from a technical and political point of view. Their objective was to design for the state a new road infrastructure that would contribute to a political unity of the country, establish new economic relationships among particular districts and first and foremost connect the republic to the European road network. These five examples at the same time illustrate a particular atmosphere of that time, the visions of engineers, technologists and road specialists who were, in a way, philosophers or traffic networks.

19

Władze RP na uchodźstwie o projekcie polsko-czechosłowackiej integracji w łatach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku

100%

Zapart R.

Studia Polonijne

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2014

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tom 35

45-66

EN

The causes and circumstances of making a Polish-Czechoslovak declaration by immigrant representatives of the three enslaved nations of East-Central Europe in 1986 are discussed. The declaration pointed to an interest in a detailed form of cooperation in the future. The basis for signing it was the agreement between Sikorski's and Beneš's governments of 1942, in which the will to form a confederation within a post-totalitarian order in the region was expressed. History has shown that the political scenario realized later had not been written with considerable participation of the emigration circles. Analyzing the issue from the historical and politological-legal points of view the author makes an attempt at answering the question concerning the place of this document in the process of the systemic transformation that took place in the region at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s.

20

The Czech/Czechoslovak National Council and the Censuses in the Period 1910–1930

100%

Pokludová A.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2016

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tom 23

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nr 1

22-41

EN

This article analyses in the first part activities of the Czech National Council (NRČ) in the last Cisleithanian census, when it played the role of an authoritative national institution, organizing private censusesamong Czech minority communities, publishing educational materials and using print media in a modern way to promote its interests and communicate its position on the census to readers abroad. The second part is focused on activities of the Czechoslovak National Council in the population census 1921 and 1930. The author monitors media discourseand the language of propaganda between the members of NRČ and in the network of co-workers.