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EN
The goal of the present contribution is an unconventional one. It concerns not only a punctual problem - the axiology of ethnical values - assumed on the “vertical” of a single discipline, as it is usually done, but a complex of “horizontal” problems unified by an integrative methodology: that of semiotics. The great quantity of the problems involved obliged us − on a limited frame − to present them intuitively, to formulate only some hypotheses and models, for a preliminary holistic knowledge.
EN
Margaret Drabble’s novels are set in contemporary England and deal with contemporary issues, but still contain reminiscences of an archaic mentality. The paper will discuss several such reminiscences, like the myth of the good savage, the nostalgia for the lost paradise or the references to the archetype of the Creation.
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Content available remote John Augustine Zahm ve sporu o opičí původ člověka
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In order to establish correct relationships between science and theology, a proper knowledge of the shared past is indispensable. The intention of this paper is to analyse the work of the American priest and professor of science John Augustine Zahm (1851–1921), specifically his views on the evolution of humankind in his 1896 book Evolution and Dogma. The interpretation rests upon diachronic research focused on the sources used and on the subsequent editing of the text. It comes to the conclusion that apart from external historical influences, there were three things in the text that advanced its prohibition: the term “Evolution” in the title, the transition from presenting evolution as a possible hypothesis to defending it as a thesis and the quotation from Dalmace Leroy, whose book was recently placed on the Index.
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Content available remote Katolický evolucionista St. George J. Mivart o původu lidského těla a duše
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St. George Jackson Mivart (1827–1900) dedicated a great deal of his life to the struggle to prove that the theory of evolution and the Catholic faith are not mutually exclusive. Especially important is his idea that God created the human soul of the first person directly, but infused it into the human body created through secondary causes (i.e. evolution). The aim of this article is to demonstrate how this thesis is connected to the whole of Mivart’s ontology.
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Content available remote John Cuthbert Hedley, biskup otevřený evoluci
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EN
The article presents the constructive approach of John Cuthbert Hedley, bishop of Newport, towards the theory of evolution. It helps us understand the complex discussion in the Catholic Church at the end of the nineteenth century. In reactions to St. George J. Mivart, Hedley manifested great respect towards the famous biologist, but criticized him when entering the field of theology. In contact with John Augustine Zahm, Hedley was initially very supportive, though softening Zahm’s enthusiasm. He later became more reserved and uncertain in his contacts because Zahm’s book was placed on the index of prohibited books.
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Content available Structure of man in the biblical act of Creation
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EN
The question about man, his origin, structure, place, and role in the world, relation to others and his ultimate goal, belongs to fundamental categories. In his pursuits, man constantly tries to find the right answer to this important question. The basis of this analysis forms the structure of man resulting from the act of creation as described in the Bible. In the Old Testament we have two texts about the proctology of man: Yahwistic (Gen 2, 4b –24) and Elohistic (Gen 1, 26–28). Both Angelo Scola and Luis F. Ladaria see the ultimate structural view of humankind in the person of Jesus Christ. That is why the Old Testament texts concerning creation are fully implemented in the mystery of Incarnation and Redemption. The name “a human” itself there is a claim about the greatness of his nature (cataphasis). Observation and experience indicate also his limitations (apophasis). Therefore, it can be stated that in the human nature there must be integrity (henozis) in this respect constituting the basis of his whole humanity. Biblical texts indicate that man is aware of his dependence on God, simultaneously however, he makes an attempt of self – determination which is a kind of self–creation. The relationship with God has its source in the external experience (man listens to God, expresses his needs and hides from Him) and, at the same time, goes beyond human rationality and volition. It is an invitation to the trinitarian communion of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. The community of the Holy Trinity is at the same time the community of man. The creatio of man as male and female highlights one more important structural and subjective element, that is, a relationship with others which constitutes the foundation for a community of people. Jesus Christ is the way towards this union, as its cause, model and aim. In the mystery of His Person we discover the “image and likeness”, because He is the personification of full and perfect humanity. Therefore, the whole Christian spirituality must be Christocentric and at the same time Christoformic. The attempts to define man in his essence play a crucial role in the present world affected by subjectivity, individualism, hedonism and horisontalism.
PL
This paper deals with the problem of alleged conflict between the theological idea of the creation of man by God and the scientific theories that explain the origin of the human body referring to the process of evolution. It is argued that there is no contradiction between these two domains and that there is no real conflict between the idea of creation and the theory of evolution. At first, the conception of evolution is introduced. Afterwards, the evolutionary creationism is presented as the theological doctrine which claims that God created man, using for this purpose mechanisms of evolution. It is argued that the Biblical account of creation must not be understood literally and that during the lecture of this account one should respect the interpretative principle of St. Augustine concerning metaphorical sense of some Biblical texts. Finally, a “method” of explaining of the emergence of the human body by a direct action of God (“God of the gaps”) is criticized.
EN
Royal Elamite inscriptions offer valuable insights into a range of themes related to ancient Iran. However, to date, no Elamite creation myth has been recovered. Nonetheless, there exist indirect references in the inscriptions and rock reliefs that can be used to reconstruct such an account. This study aims to partially reconstruct the Elamite genesis by examining the linguistic and iconographical clues. It is important to note, however, that this primary investigation provides only limited insights into the creation myth in ancient Elam.
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Artykuł jest wspomnieniem rosy Bailly, jej propolskiej działalności oraz literackiej i publicystycznej twórczości, której bogaty zbiór przechowywany jest w Bibliotece Uniwersytetu Marii curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie.
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The article concerns rosa Bailly, her activity for poland as well as abundant literary and journalistic heritage stored in the Library of Maria curie-Skłodowska University.
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According to John Paul II, the truth about Creation, as the object and content of the Christian faith, is presented in the most explicit manner only in the Revelation, that is in the Holy Bible. The Pope is reminding that we do not find this truth either in any mythological cosmology outside the Bible or in speculations of the greatest ancient theologians. That is the reason why his catecheses are full of biblical references and a deep biblical reflection on thecreation of the world and a man. A particularly vivid interpretation of biblical texts referring to the subject of Creation the Pope finds in the writings of early Christian writers. The Pope’s respect for their authority, expressed in the Patres Ecclesiae Letter, is reflected by frequent quoting of works by the greatest Church authorities of the first centuries, such as St. Irenaeus of Lyons, St. Augustineof Hippo, or Gregory of Nyssa. This confirms in a special way the biblical character of their teachings and a special affection for the Holy Bible.
PL
Według Jana Pawła II prawda o stworzeniu, jako przedmiot i treść wiary chrześcijańskiej jest najwyraźniej ukazana jedynie w Objawieniu, czyli na kartach Pisma Świętego. Papież przypomina, że nie znajdujemy tej prawdy ani w żadnej pozabiblijnej kosmologii mitologicznej, ani też w spekulacjach największych teologów starożytności. Dlatego też jego katechezy są przeniknięte odniesieniami do Biblii, a także pogłębioną refleksją biblijną na temat stworzenia świata i człowieka. Szczególnie żywą interpretację tekstów biblijnych odnoszących się do tematu stworzenia odnajduje papież w pismach wczesnochrześcijańskich autorów. Szacunek papieża dla ich autorytetu, wyrażony w liście Patres Ecclesiae, odzwierciedlony zostaje w częstym przytaczaniu dzieł największych autorytetów Kościoła pierwszych wieków, takich jak Ireneusz z Lyonu, Augustyn z Hippony, czy Grzegorz z Nyssy. Potwierdza to w sposób szczególny biblijność ich nauczania i szczególne umiłowanie Pisma Świętego.
EN
J. Ratzinger/Benedict XVI reveals both theological and anthropological aspects of pride, resulting in further moral consequences. In reality, pride equals sin: undermining the created order of the world and challenging the dependent nature of man. Thus, Godlessness reaches here the ontic sphere and that is why it is so destructive for both men and the world. Though the sin of pride is mentioned on the first pages of the Bible, Benedict XVI seeks the source of its contemporary tempting nature and exceptional expansion in Nietzsche philosophy and similar anti-Christian trends, deluding one with the belief in self-sufficiency of the mind and absolute independence of human freedom. Humility is the opposite of pride. Church also should take care of it internally, drawing the example from the kenosis of God Himself, revealed in Jesus Christ. The first step towards humility is obedience, ability to obey.
PL
J. Ratzinger/Benedykt XVI odsłania teologiczną i antropologiczną warstwę postawy pychy, z których wynikają jej dalsze skutki moralne. W istocie pycha jest kłamstwem: podważeniem stworzonego porządku świata i zakwestionowaniem zależnej natury człowieka. Bezbożność sięga wiec tu sfery ontycznej i z tego powodu jest dla człowieka i świata tak destrukcyjna. Choć grzech pychy sięga pierwszych stron Biblii, to źródło współczesnego jej kuszącego oblicza i wyjątkowej dziś ekspansji upatruje Benedykt XVI w filozofii nietzscheanizmu i nurtach jej pokrewnych, antychrześcijańskich, uwodzących przekonaniem o samowystarczalności rozumu oraz absolutnej suwerenności ludzkiej wolności. Przeciwieństwem pychy jest pokora, o którą należy troszczyć się także we wnętrzu Kościoła, czerpiąc wzór z kenozy samego Boga, objawionej w Jezusie Chrystusie. Pierwszym krokiem do pokory jest posłuszeństwo, zdolność słuchania.
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Religious and theological question about the man may come from Divine Revelation. It is impossible to truly answer the question without reff ering to the Creator since He is „creavit Deus” the truth of revelation through the faith of the wise man to the fullness of life. God, who is love and life, created man in His own image and likeness, created man and woman. In the humanity of man and woman God inscribed a particular calling to participate in the mystery of communio of God and entrusted the task of dominion over the earth, over creation. God gives grace to his goodness on the way of salvation. He is the Creator and Savior.
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