Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

MEMORY IN THE INTER-ETHNIC ENVIRONMENT: 'DIFFICULT QUESTIONS' IN THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE POLISH AND JEWISH YOUTH

100%

Bilewicz M. , Ostolski A. , Wojcik A. , Wysocka A.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2004

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tom 48

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nr 3

143-158

EN

The article examines Polish-Jewish youth encounters as a sociological phenomenon, revealing the processes of approaching collective memories of both groups. The authors presents data collected during Polish-Jewish meetings, as well as qualitative analysis of letters and 'difficult questions' written by young Poles and Jews. The main issues of Polish and Jewish collective memories are shaped by the adult discourse, that strongly influences the youth inter-group discourse. However, the main differences that underlie most of the 'difficult questions' in Polish-Jewish dialogue are based on the different ways of approaching the past: individualised and emotional among young Jews, but collectivist, depersonalised and rather neutral among young Poles. These differences show, that not only the content, but also the form (pragmatics) of collective memory has to be studied by the sociologist in order to understand the role of history in inter-ethnic relations.

2

COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND NATIONAL IDEOLOGY OF THE POLISH EMIGRATION IN GREAT BRITAIN IN THE PRESS COVERAGE OF 'DZIENNIK POLSKI'

80%

Poznanski J.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2008

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nr 2(327)

91-107

EN

Collective memory is an array of images about a common past shared by the members of a given community or group. It is one of the elements of their identity that facilitates their integration. As such, it can be the basis of ideologies which function within a group. The present article is an attempt to reconstruct the elements of collective memory and national ideology of the representatives of Polish independence emigration in Great Britain. This is done in the form of an analysis of the contents of articles which appeared in the 'Dziennik Polski' published in London.

3

ISLAM IN POLITICALLY SOVEREIGN KAZAKHSTAN

80%

Jessa P.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2005

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nr 27

149-170

EN

Islam plays a significant role in Kazakh society and is now considered a part of the national heritage. Current developments within the Muslim community of that country suggest that Islamization has entered a new stage. The first independent muftyat was created in Kazakhstan in 1990, and the growth of a 'spiritual infrastructure' in the state has followed. Islamization is a complex phenomenon, and each of its various currents aspires for a dominant position. Kazakhstan's Muslims, who as a majority have only recently 'discovered' Islam, have a wide choice of options in the newly established 'market of ideas'. The process of Re-Islamization assumes different forms. One is represented by the activity of groups which act under the influence of charismatic leaders, as in the case of Aq jol. The leaders of Aq jol emphasize the Muslim nature of the group, which is nevertheless open to representatives of other confessions (mostly Christian) and to nationalities other than Kazakh. Religious practices (including healing) among Kazakh Muslims reveal a combination of Islamic tradition and non-Islam traditions in the region. Another current process is the revitalization of Sufi rituals of the Brotherhood of Yasawihyya. Its leader, who returned to Kazakhstan from Afghanistan in the early 1990s, attracted a group of disciples, mostly young people, and opened a madrasah in Almaty. He emphasizes the importance of ritual. President Nazarbajev, who is a proponent of Kazakh political Islam, has contributed to the popularity of Sufi ideology and practice. But Sufism is losing its former influence, as its rebirth is taking place in a different intellectual and social milieu.

4

Transformacja pamięci — o nieliniowym charakterze przemian w pamięci Polaków

80%

Korzeniewski B.

Sensus Historiae. Studia interdyscyplinarne

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2012

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nr 4(9)

11-22

EN

Abstract In the article the author is analyzing conditioning of the process of the transformation of the collective memory of Poles after 1989. He distinguishes four cultural tendencies in the memory of Poles: pluralization, demythologizing, privatizations and regionalization of the memory. He is underlining mutual connections of these four phenomena. The author is highlighting cultural conditioning of the process of transformations of the memory.

5

MUSEUM SPACE AND THE POLICY OF TRAUMA (Przestrzen muzeum a polityka traumy)

80%

Ostolski A.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2009

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tom 53

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nr 3

67-87

EN

The article analyses how the representation of the traumatic past in a museum may affect the shaping of national identity. In the first part, which refers to several theoretical traditions (psychoanalysis, narrativism, critical theory), the author discusses the relations between the representation of the past and the interpretation of the collective trauma offered to the spectator. In the second part these phenomena are analysed on the basis of three museums: Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, Terror Háza in Budapest and the Museum of the Warsaw Uprising.

6

MIEJSCE SPOŁECZNOŚCI ŻYDOWSKIEJ W STRUKTURZE BIAŁEGOSTOKU JAKO ODRADZAJĄCEGO SIĘ MIASTA WIELOKULTUROWEGO

80%

Sadowski A.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2013

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tom 39

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nr 1(147)

225-242

EN

This article deals with the construction of the Jewish community's position in the contemporary structure of Białystok as a reviving multicultural city. In the past Białystok was a type of a multicultural city, at least in the customary understanding of this term. During World War II, in effect of the unimaginable genocide of Białystok's Jewish community, the city has been almost completely deprived of its diverse population. In the postwar period wider possibilities of reconstructing Białystok's culturally diverse past generally have not been created. It was not until the political transition that conditions for reviving the socio-cultural diversity of Białystok's inhabitants were developed. The process of reestablishing the presence of the Jewish community in the city's structure became visible and socially important. The position of the Jewish community in Białystok's structure will be presented in four dimensions: the spatial, the institutional, the social, and in the dimension of consciousness. Eventually, in reference to the process of constructing the Jewish community's position in the structure of Białystok, formation of Białystok as a multicultural city will be discussed.

7

THE MEMORY OF THE MEDIA

80%

Ociepka B.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2007

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nr 1(322)

45-62

EN

This study discusses the role mass media of communication play in the construction of collective memory, basing on some research done on Polish and German media. The sample covers the years 1998-2006. Using the analytic tools given by the news values theory and framing, the author concentrates on history as a theme of media coverage (with a stress on anniversary journalism) and on a 'history conflict frame', typical for Polish media coverage on Germany. Mass media of communication in both countries are presented as transmitters and main actors of public debates on history. The results of the analysis showed that media can play both a destructive and constructive role in the process of collective memory building and proliferating. Among the study's other findings are that the effects of media coverage are more visible in setting the agenda than in the changes of the public's attitudes.

8

ARTISTS AND HISTORY. SOME REMARKS ON THE RECEPTION OF FASCISM IN GERMAN ART

80%

Balisz J.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2009

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nr 4(333)

101-116

EN

The article reviews the phenomenon of reception of the Second World War in German art after 1945. The pivotal stages are presented on the examples of key artistic events and their reception. It is the story of the breaking of a conspiracy of silence in art and of seeking an adequate form that would enable a confrontation with the past. The way led from a triumph of 'mute' abstraction, through the rebellion of neo-expressionists against the suppression of the war years from memory, to a pluralism of forms and utterances on the theme of German history. The text also shows how artists, after winning for themselves the possibility of speaking up in the ongoing debate on the consequences of the Second World War, contribute to a continual expansion of the horizon of collective memory.

9

COLLECTIVE MEMORY IN CONSTRUCTING A NEW IDENTITY OF SPANIARDS (Pamiec zbiorowa w budowaniu nowej tozsamosci Hiszpanów)

80%

Józefowicz M.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2010

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nr 1(334)

187-205

EN

The article shows the significance of collective memory in shaping Spanish national identity and presents the functioning of historical memory in socio-political space and culture. During the process of democratization, memory was a factor stimulating the peaceful character of changes then ongoing in Spain. In time its condition underwent major adjustments, passing through subsequent stages that corresponded with the current socio-political circumstances. The article analyzes the controversies that had accumulated around historical memory and are connected with the revision of history, including the civil war (1936-1939) followed by the institution of dictatorship by general Francisco Franco and the democratic transformation after the dictator's death in 1975. Gradually, it has become possible to view the past with relative calm and to undertake attempts at defining it. In culture, alternative forms of settling accounts with the past were sought. Artistic production, such as, among others, national songs and feature films restore memory, shape new forms of its development and compensate for the lack of possibilities of speaking openly about history and for the shortcomings of language.

10

COLLECTIVE MEMORY IN PUBLIC DISCOURSE. INTERNET DISCUSSION OF NEIGHBOURING GROUP IN POLAND (Pamiec zbiorowa w publicznym dyskursie. Dyskusja internetowa sasiadujacych z soba grup regionalnych)

80%

Szmeja M.

Studia Humanistyczne AGH

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2010

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tom 8

87-102

EN

Official history at school manuals and in scientific publications presented by dominant group is very often questioned by minority groups. Their interpretation of bygone events usually based on oral history. They believed that history transmitted directly in group is more 'authentic', contrary to the official which is more ideological. I went through internet discussion concerning historical background of two neighboring groups. They live on South-West of country, but during the division of Poland in 1792 they were incorporated to different states. One of them - Silesians were included to Prussia, the other group to Russian Empire. The collective memory of these groups were formed in different circumstances and now descendant of these group recall history in different way. They also presented another attitudes toward official history. Nowadays, because of political reason, these groups live in one administration unit. In communist time, group of Russian background was the ruling one. Now Silesians are more influential in social life. What is interesting, both group used history in very instrumental way. The internet discussion shows how both group used their history to substantiate symbolic domination, how they invent their historical position. Discussion contains past events, commemoration of heroes (monuments, name of street), right to use dialect.

11

SEARCHING FOR THE LIMITS OF COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY. THE DEBATE OVER JEDWABNE IN 'GAZETA WYBORCZA'

80%

Ciolkiewicz P.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2004

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tom 48

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nr 1

123-141

EN

The following text contains the results of the analysis of the public debate, regarding the massacre in Jedwabne, which appeared in the newspaper 'Gazeta Wyborcza'. Initially, the author presents the general outline of the debate (the phases of the dispute, the areas of the controversy, the mechanisms of discourse). Next, basic analytical categories are presented which appeared as a result of the examination of articles, which were published in this daily paper. Moreover, significant attention is paid to the problem of collective responsibility which focused very prominently as a result of the Jedwabne controversy. Finally, the author concentrates on the particular qualities of the debate entailed in 'Gazeta Wyborcza'.

12

PAMÄŤ A NOSTALGIA V SÚČASNOM POĽSKOM ROMÁNE

80%

Balogh M.

World Literature Studies

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2014

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tom 6 (23)

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nr 2

53 – 63

EN

The study aims to take a closer look at the phenomenon of the nostalgic review of the past in Polish postmodern novels. Nostalgia is used as extensively as it is circulated in the contemporary culture. Nostalgia is a specific attitude of an individual, which, however, is linked to the beliefs of the collective memory. Therefore, the presence of nostalgia in literature can be approached by the notions of the collective memory or in this case the autobiographical memory as elaborated by Maurice Halbwachs. The study investigates how Pawel Huelle and Stefan Chwin construct the image of a formerly tabooed past from the traces of German culture of former Danzig and how this newly constructed image of this town became the vital part of the identity of their narrators.

13

K otázce historického vědomí obyvatel České republiky

80%

Subrt J. , Vinopal J.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

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2010

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tom 8

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nr 1

9-20

EN

This article describes the results of an initial survey which is a part of broader project of sociological research into the historical consciousness of inhabitants of the Czech Republic. Firstly, the topic is put into the context of conceptions of historical consciousness and collective memory. This is followed by an outline of the public's interests in history and its different fields, their sources of information and self-evaluation of historical knowledge. Next the article deals with the issue of Czech national history, especially how the public evaluates different historical periods and the level of pride Czech people feel about their national history. The final section addresses the problem of the historical consciousness of citizens on a more general level; it summarizes opinions on the course of the historical process, the importance of different influences on it, and also on the role which history plays in contemporary society.

14

DIVADLO AKO ARCHITEKTÚRA PAMÄTI A NÁRODNEJ IDENTITY. RUSSIAN CASE – ZLATÁ MASKA 2018

80%

Spodniaková Z.

Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)

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2018

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tom 66

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nr 2

208 – 223

EN

The author focuses on selected productions of this year's special program category of the Russian Theatre Festival Golden Mask 2018 - Russian Case in Moscow. The comparison of the latest productions of different genres and artistic aesthetics reveals the common interest of their creators in urgent socio-cultural and historical-political themes. The Russian Case category introduced Russian theatre this year as an increasingly active tool for social engagement, which is concerned with the present or the past of the nation or individual. With the vision of a better future, creators confront themselves with collective and individual memories and seek ways to cope with them in an artistic and human way.

15

MEMORY OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR OR ON THE ATTEMPT TO CREATE A EUROPEAN HISTORICAL MEMORY

80%

Madajczyk P.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2008

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nr 4(329)

35-46

EN

The article shows the vastly diversified character of collective memory of the Great War in European countries. This diversity pertains also to Germany and Poland, Poland being in this respect a typical representative of the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe. The tensions that stem from those differences are all the more noteworthy, as since the 1990s there has been a visible acceleration of changes directed toward shaping the Great War as a European locus of memory. This tendency is manifested in the activity of the leading European museums which organize exhibitions arranged according to a different outlook than before.

16

CRIMEANTATAR NATIONALISM IN THE 1990s: COLLECTIVE MEMORY, INSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL STRATEGIES

80%

Abdulganiyev K.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2004

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tom 48

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nr 3

61-95

EN

The paper focuses on Crimean Tatars - a stateless nation, which was subject to forced assimilation policy during the Soviet period. The dynamics of the nationality question after the USSR collapse has changed dramatically: members of ethnic groups started (re)learning their languages, (re)writing their histories, and articulating political demands. The crucial factors in shaping the nature, directions and intensity of the national revival are: (1) collective memory, (2) quality of intellectual and political elites - among others, the presence or absence of national institutions, (3) role of religion in a given community, (4) available political strategies, and (5) socio-cultural and politico-economic background of transition. In case of Crimean Tatars their awareness of former persecutions and traumatic experience of deportation from Crimea (in 1944) and return to Crimea (after 1989) is a source of social bonds and consolidation of ethnic community. At the same time, in Crimean Tatar case, success of the national revival and relative success in coping with problems of recent migration depended heavily on ethnic political institutions - Kurultay and Mejlis, which were able to consolidate intellectual elites and effectively articulate political and social demands of this ethnic community.

17

EXHIBITION ON THE CRIMES OF THE WEHRMACHT. SPECIFICITY OF THE PHOTOGRAPHIC MEDIUM OF MEMORY

80%

Korzeniewski B.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2007

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nr 1(322)

156-176

EN

The article discusses the controversies that arose following the presentation of an exhibition in Germany on the crimes of the Wehrmacht. The topic is developed in the context of the specificity of the photographic medium of memory and in relation to the problem of an increasing medialization of memory. The author strives to explain the reasons of the huge interest in the above-mentioned exhibition and the discussions it triggered, by referring to the current state of German collective memory. The exhibition punctured a myth of the Wehrmacht's innocence, which was widespread after World War II and played an important role in relief strategies undertaken by the German society in order to cope with the problem of guilt for the crimes of National Socialism. Special attention is drawn to the ideological underpinning of the set of images of the Nazi past conserved in the German society, and enhanced by visual representations promoted by the mass media. Violation of this set of images by photographs documenting the participation of the Wehrmacht in the crimes of the racial war contributed to controversies that started in response to the exhibition.

18

THE SOCIAL FRAMEWORK OF MEMORY

80%

Kazimierska K.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2007

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tom 51

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nr 2

3-23

EN

The problem of collective memory has become a subject of discussion among representatives of humanities - especially sociologists and historians - over the past few decades. The article presents selected perspectives interpreting the phenomenon of collective memory in contemporary society whose characteristic is that it is inclined towards the future rather than the past. In this context the particular method of establishing ties with the past is defined as a practice serving to define the past in terms of the fluid present and the hard to define future. The collective memory is shown as both a factor shaping socially defined areas of amnesia and a factor which influences the biographical dimension of establishing identity, including a picture of the past.

19

THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN CINEMATOGRAPHY. ON MEMORY CARRIERS (Wielka Wojna Ojczyzniana we wspólczesnej rosyjskiej kinematografii. O nosnikach pamieci zbiorowej)

80%

Bachorz A.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2009

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nr 2(331)

91-110

EN

The article deals with selected ways of presenting the Second World War in contemporary Russian cinematography on the example of several films produced in the years 2002-2008. The theoretical framework of the analysis is defined by issues pertaining to collective memory, its carriers and the medialisation of memory. In the background of the considerations is the thesis that the victory over fascism was and still is a vital factor in building Soviet and Russian collective identity. This effect is achieved by sustaining the state-controlled, heroic, one-sided and unrealistic image of the war to the exclusion of elements at odds with the paradigm of victory. Contrary to such an interpretation, the authoress of the article draws attention to the heterogeneity and polyphonicity of the Russian discourse on the past. Analysis includes films which adhere to the legitimized heroic discourse as well as those that present other, alternative or even subvertive narrations.

20

Členové servitského řádu mezi anonymitou a věhlasem. Možnosti a meze biografického studia servitských řeholníků

70%

Čapská V.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2011

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tom 26

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nr 2

335-354

EN

study explores the problem of scholarly accessibility of life courses of individual friars on the example of the Servite order. The author analyses the principles of intentional keeping and shaping of memory on the members of the order and points out the intepretational possibilities and limits connected with the preserved sources as well as with the processes of ascribing meaning, and more specifically fame to individual friars. The author emphasises that the category of fame has had a long tradition of usage within religious orders which is closely tied to the literary concept of „viri illustres“. It is therefore necessary to take into account the filters of perception which were at work in the processes of preserving the collective memory on individual members of the order.