Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Biosynthesis of α- and β-ionone, prominent scent compounds, in flowers of Osmanthus fragrans

100%

Baldermann S. , Kato M. , Fleischmann P. , Watanabe N.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2012

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tom 59

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nr 1

79-81

EN

Carotenoid derived volatiles are important fragrance compounds, which contribute to the scents of flowers from diverse taxa. A famous example is represented by the flowers of Osmanthus fragrans where apocarotenoids account for more than 20% of all volatiles. In the recent years, bio-degradation of carotenoids has been shown to be an important route for apocarotenoids formation. Here, we report on the contribution the O. fragrans carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 to the synthesis of the two predominant C13-apocarotenoids, α- and β-ionone, derived from α-and β-carotene, respectively.

2

Reductive Debenzylation of Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane using Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube-supported Palladium Catalysts: an Optimization Approach

100%

Bayat Y. , Malmir S. , Hajighasemali F. , Dehghani H.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2015

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tom Vol. 12, no. 3

439--458

EN

This study focuses on the optimization of parameters affecting the reductive debenzylation of hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane using multiwalled carbon nanotube-supported palladium catalysts. Initially the influence of functionalized carbon nanotubes, including OH and COOH groups, were compared with basic multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and their impact on the reaction yield was evaluated. Among these catalyst supports, hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes showed superior efficiency for producing tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane from hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane. The effect of catalyst preparation factors on the reaction yield were screened by using a 25-2 fractional factorial design. Parameters, including percent palladium, adsorption time, pH and adsorption temperature, were optimized by applying a central composite design. The optimum values of these factors were: 12.97% Pd, adsorption time 1.81 h, pH 9.61 and adsorption temperature 42.78 °C. A value of 76% was obtained for the reaction yield under optimum conditions.

3

Kalkulator kosztów zaniechania w praktyce

100%

Kryk B.

Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

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2017

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tom 105

277-291

PL

Młodzież na rynku pracy, w tym zagrożona wykluczeniem społecznym, stanowi grupę objętą specjalnymi działaniami instytucjonalnymi. Wśród aktywnych instrumentów ograniczających bezrobocie młodzieży znajdują się projekty realizowane z funduszy unijnych. Kontynuacja stosowania rozwiązań proponowanych w takich projektach powinna być potwierdzana m.in. za pomocą tzw. kalkulatora kosztów zaniechania umożliwiającego określenie wysokości kosztów społecznych, jakie trzeba będzie ponieść w przypadku zaniechania działań aktywizujących osoby bezrobotne. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie istoty takiego kalkulatora oraz wskazanie jego przydatności do uzasadnienia stosowania nowych narzędzi prozatrudnieniowych na przykładzie projektu zrealizowanego w województwie zachodniopomorskim. W opracowaniu wykorzystano metody desk research i KKZ, który umożliwił potwierdzenie efektywności i skuteczności innowacyjnego modelu wsparcia młodzieży na rynku pracy.

EN

Young people in the labor market, including the risk of social exclusion, a group under special institutional activities. Among the active measures aimed at reducing unemployment of youth are projects from EU funds. The continued use of the solutions proposed in such projects should be confirmed, among others, by means of so-called. cost calculator omission. The aim of the article is to present the essence of such a calculator and an indication of its suitability to justify the use of new tools for pro-employment on the example of a project implemented in Western Pomerania. The study methods were used desk research and CCD, which made it possible to confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of an innovative model of support for young people on the labor market.

4

Detektory obrazujące ze sprzężeniem ładunkowym (CCD. Nagroda Nobla z Fizyki za 2009 rok

100%

Pokrzywka B.

Postępy Fizyki

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2010

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tom T. 61, z. 2

46-65

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest półprzewodnikowym detektorom obrazującym o sprzężeniu ładunkowym CCD. Za wynalezienie CCD połową Nagrody Nobla za 2009 rok w dziedzinie fizyki uhonorowano do podziału dwóch naukowców, którzy wynaleźli detektor obrazujący o sprzężeniu ładunkowym - Willarda S. Boyle'a i George'a E. Smitha. Detektor CCD odmienił oblicze rejestracji obrazów. Elementy CCD są powszechnie używane w wielu kamerach i aparatach cyfrowych i zaawansowanych przyrządach naukowych, przemysłowych i medycznych. Cyfrowe detektory obrazujące są istotną częścią technologii informacyjnej, która odmieniła nasze codzienne życie. Artykuł jest podzielony na dwie części. Pierwsza część poświęcona jest historii powstania CCD i wczesnych etapów historii ewolucji tych układów. Druga część wyjaśnia zasady działania CCD i objaśnia wiele podstawowych terminów związanych z budową i działaniem CCD. Wyjaśniono działanie kondensatora MOS jako zbiornika ładunku, pojęcie kanału zagrzebanego i metody transferu ładunku. W końcowej części przedstawiono budowę współczesnych detektorów CCD, w których detektorem światła jest fotodioda a CCD służy tylko do transferu ładunku do wyjścia detektora.

EN

This article describes semiconductor imaging sensors based on charge-coupled devices (CCDs). Half of the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded for the invention of charge-coupled devices to two scientists, Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith. CCD sensors fundamentally changed imaging and are now widely used in many digital cameras and advanced scientific, medical and industrial instruments. Digital imaging detectors in turn are significant elements of modern information technology and its impact on daily life. The first part of the article describes the history of the invention of the CCD and the early evolution of such devices. The second part describes the principles of CCDs and explains fundamental terminology relating to their construction and operation. It explains the operation of the MOS capacitor as a charge reservoir, the idea of the buried channel and methods of charge transfer. Finally, the article describes the construction of modern CCD sensors, in which the light detector is a photodiode and the CCD serves only to transfer charge to the sensor output.

5

Cyfrowy tor sygnału wizyjnego dla czujnika CCD w eksperymencie "Π of the Sky"

89%

Obroślak P. , Kasprowicz P. , Poźniak K. , Romaniuk R. S.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2011

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tom Vol. 52, nr 11

127-129

PL

Czujniki obrazu o sprzężeniu ładunkowym (CCD) są współcześnie szeroko wykorzystywane w wymagających badaniach medycznych, naukowych i przemysłowych. Szczególną popularnością cieszą się w projektach astronomicznych np. w projekcie "Π of the Sky". W artykule opisano zaprojektowany dla tego eksperymentu układ pozwalający na zastosowanie cyfrowych technik przetwarzania sygnału wizyjnego bezpośrednio z wyjścia detektora. Ma on zastąpić dedykowany układ scalony realizujący klasyczną, analogową technikę odczytu określaną skrótem CDS (ang. Correleted Double Sampling). W jego skład wchodzą dwa równoległe kanały sygnału z szybkimi przetwornikami analogowo-cyfrowymi o rozdzielczości 16 bitów oraz układem FPGA, pełniącym rolę kontrolera odczytu i stanowiącym bazę dla realizacji pożądanych technik przetwarzania sygnału.

EN

CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensors are recently commonly used in many advanced medical, scientific and industrial research. Especially popular they became in astronomical projects such as "Π of the Sky" experiment. This article describes a hardware developed for this experiment which allows to apply digital signal processing methods for video signal directly after detectors output. Hopefully it will replace a dedicated circuit which implements classic analog CCD readout technique known as CDS. It contains two parallel signal channels with high speed 16 bit analog to digital converters and FPGA device performing readout control and composing a base for signal processing algorithms implementation.

6

Miniaturowy system do prowadzenia reakcji PCR czasu rzeczywistego do taniego i masowego wykrywania patogenów żywności

89%

Walczak R. , Dziuban J. A. , Koszur J. , Bang D. D. , Rauno-Lopez J. M.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2008

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tom Vol. 49, nr 6

242-244

PL

W artykule przedstawiono opis i wyniki badań nad pierwszą realizacją taniego i prostego, miniaturowego systemu optyczno-temperaturowego do prowadzenia reakcji polimerazy łańcuchowej DNA w czasie rzeczywistym (RT- PCR). W badaniach wykorzystano nowatorski system detekcji fluorescencji. Kombinacja minikamery CCD i oprogramowania eksperckiego umożliwiła osiągnięcie limitu detekcji stężenia DNA na poziomie ng/ml próbki oraz zapis i analizę w czasie rzeczywistym biosygnału fluorescencji w trakcie reakcji PCR.

EN

In this paper the description and first results of test of a miniaturized system for real-time PCR is presented. The novel fluorescence optical readout instrumentation has been applied. The unique coupling of CCD-based microdetectors array and expertise software enables detection of DNA in ng/ml range as well as real-time recording and processing of fluorescence signals during PCR.

7

Modelling of the Effect of Concentrated Nitration Conditions on the Efficiency of the Production of ,7-Dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane (DPT)

88%

Hadi Z. , Esmaeilpour K. , Damiri S. , Afzali A. , Keshavarz M. H.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2018

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tom Vol. 15, no. 1

72--84

EN

3,7-Dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane (DPT) is one of the most important intermediates in the synthesis of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). A suitably modified Bachmann process, nitrolysis of solid hexamine in the presence of ammonium nitrate-nitric acid and acetic anhydride on a laboratory scale, is introduced to increase the efficiency, production capacity and purity of the DPT produced. Various quantitative and qualitative analytical methods were used for the identification and quality control of the product. A central composite design (CCD) of experiments was used to optimize the production process, increasing the production capacity, reducing the amount of acetic acid as the reaction medium to a suitable limit, and examining the effects of the main factors impacting on the efficiency of the nitration, e.g. the volume of ammonium nitrate-nitric acid solution, nitration temperature reactor addition time and volume of acetic anhydride. The overall results indicated that DPT was obtained with an efficiency of 64.58% and a production capacity of 20.77 (100 g·mL−1).

8

Dokładność pomiarowa spektroradiometrów typu CCD

75%

Fryc I. , Czyżewski D.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2009

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tom R. 85, nr 11

276-279

PL

Szybki rozwój konstrukcji spektroradiometrów typu CCD, skłania do zastosowania ich w obszarach pomiarowych zarezerwowanych dla spektroradiometrów klasycznych (znacznie wolniejszych). Badania własne pozwoliły określić jakie pamarametry spektroradiometrów typu CCD bezpośrednio wpływają na dokładność pomiarów.

EN

In tradition spectroradiometric measurements means always times consuming procedure, but due to possibility given by modern CCD type instruments, this is not correct meaning any more. In the paper we presented all important parameters of CCD type spectroradiometer and also there is given some measurement tips which could be used to achieve spectroradiometric measurement with low uncertainty.

9

Determination of the monitor brightness in the investigations of light sensitivity of retina

75%

Firago V. , Hotra O. , Kubarko A. , Surtel W. , Imanbek B.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2015

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tom R. 91, nr 6

166-170

EN

The article describes the principles of a highly sensitive photometer based on modern CCD digital cameras and laptop. The photometer is designed to measure the absolute brightness of the visual objects, which are formed on the screen of the monitor. The examples of the determination of the integrated brightness of R, G, and B pixel elements, of which the image of a visual object is formed for several types of monitors are given.

PL

Artykuł opisuje zasady budowę i zasadę działania bardzo czułego fotometru opracowanego na nowoczesnych wideo kamerach cyfrowych opartych na strukturach CCD i laptopie. Fotometr przeznaczony jest do pomiaru absolutnej jaskrawości obiektów wyświetlanych na ekranie monitora. Dla kilku typów monitorów zostały podane przykłady wyznaczenia zintegrowanej jaskrawości dla wartości R, G i B elementów pikseli, z których formowany jest wizualny obraz obiektu.

10

Noise minimization via deep submicron system-on-chip integration in megapixel CMOS imaging sensors

75%

Kozlowski L. J.

Opto-Electronics Review

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2006

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tom Vol. 14, No. 1

11-18

EN

Infrared sensor designers have long maximized S/N ratio by employing pixel-based amplification in conjunction with supplemental noise suppression. Instead, we suppress photodiode noise using novel SoC implementation with simple three transistor pixel; supporting SoC components include a feedback amplifier having elements distributed amongst the pixel and column buffer, a tapered reset clock waveform, and reset timing generator. The tapered reset method does not swell pixel area, compel processing of the correlated reset and signal values, or require additional memory. Integrated in a 2.1 M pixel imager developed for generating high definition television, random noise is ~8e- at video rates to 225 MHz. Random noise of ~30e would otherwise be predicted for the 5 µm by 5 µm pixels having 5.5 fF detector capacitance with negligible image lag. Minimum sensor S/N ratio is 52 dB with 1920 by 1080 progressive readout at 60 Hz, 72 Hz and 90 Hz. Fixed pattern noise is <2 DN via on-chip signal processing.

11

Low-noise infrared and visible focal plane arrays

75%

Kozlowski L. , Vural K. , Luo J. , Tomasini A. , Liu T. , Kleinhans W. E.

Opto-Electronics Review

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1999

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tom Vol. 7, No. 4

259-269

EN

While charge-coupled device ( CCD ) technology is often perceived to provide nearly optimum signal multiplexing and very low imager noise, coupling high performance detectors ( at cutoff wavelengths from 0.6 žmto 17 um ) to CMOS multiplexers provides lower (<10 e-) read noise at high data rates using several pixel amplifier schemes. This superiority is fundamental and has been validated on infrared and visible focal plane arrays. Thus the robust pixel-based signal amplification facilitated by sub-micron CMOS is stimulating low-noise focal plane array (FPA) development for discriminating applications including infrared astronomy, wavefront sensing, spectroscopy, and spaceborne images. Enabled by Moore's Law and concomitant increases in integration density, commercial imagers for consumer video are also providing very low read noise and high sensitivity. Hence we report the ability to usefully detect quanta at non-cryogenic operating temperatures because read noise is at the single-electron level at high video rates. While such advances are typically first demonstrated on infrared sensors, the enhancements migrate to visible devices as soon as the available lithography of the prevailing silicon CMOS technology permits, because visible imager pixels are necessarily much smaller to match the optical blur.

12

Response Surface Methodology for Treatment of Paper Mill Wastewater by Using Inorganic Polymeric Coagulant

75%

Ali Mohammed E. M. , Moniem S. M. A. , Abdelsalam H. , Ammar N. S. , Ibrahim H. S.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

|

tom Vol. 23, iss. 5

153--163

EN

Inorganic polymeric ferric chloride (POFC) coagulant with proposed structure of Fen (Cl2.2OH0.8)n is synthesized using waste materials and characterized by XRD. In the current work scrutinized efficiency of POFC for paper mill wastewater (PMW) treatment using response surface methodology (RSM) with central Composite Design (CCD) modeling. Different factors; dose, rapid mixing speed, and rapid mixing time are used for optimize the coagulation process using POFC for treating PMW. The turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals are the indicators for assessing POFC efficiency. The obtained result for XRD confirms the production of new material of inorganic polymeric coagulants. Based on RSM modelling, there is a high correlation between the experimental and predicated removals of turbidity and COD. Subsequently, the model is significantly applied for predicating COD and turbidity removals at different operation condition. Conclusively, the obtained results proposed for practical application of POFC coagulant for treatment of paper mill wastewater for COD and turbidity elimination. Furthermore, the applied RSM with CCD is talented model for optimizing treatment of PMW.

13

Foraminiferal palaeodepth indicators from the lower Palaeogene deposits of the Subsilesian Unit (Polish Outer Carpathians)

75%

Waśkowska-Oliwa A.

Studia Geologica Polonica

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2005

|

tom Vol. 124

297-324

EN

The presented research results are an attempt at establishing the relative depth of sediment deposition in the Subsilesian zone of the Carpathian basin. To estimate palaeodepth calcareous and agglutinated foraminifera were investigated, taking into account the preservation conditions, life environment, and bathymetrical preferences of individual species of the calcareous benthic forms. Micropalaeontological analysis were carried out on foraminiferal assemblages from the Palaeocene- Middle Eocene deposits of the Lanckorona-Żegocina Tectonic Zone and the Żywiec Tectonic Window (Subsilesian Unit), which are represented by the Szydłowiec sandstones (Palaeocene part), the Czerwin sandstones, the Gorzeń sandstones, the Radziechowy sandstones, the Lipowa beds as well as shales, that occur above or between these sandstones. The microfauna assemblages indicate that a change in the sedimentation depth of the individual lithosoms is conspicuous in the Early Palaeocene. During the Early Palaeocene the depth was between the CCD and the foraminiferal lysocline (FL); however, during the Late Palaeocene and the Early Eocene a deepening related to the CCD is evident or local shallowing of the CCD. Deposition took place in the lower part of the range between the CCD and FL, achieving the maximum palaeodepth in the latest Palaeocene. The depth changes of the Subsilesian basin zone can be correlated with global trends of the raising level of the World Ocean, and also with a period of increased subsidence of the Carpathian basins.

14

Adsorption of lead ions onto chemically activated carbon from waste tire char and optimization of the process using response surface methodology

75%

Rutto H. , Seidigeng T. , Malise L.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2019

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tom Vol. 45, no. 4

92--103

EN

Tires play an important role in the automobile industry. However, their disposal when worn out has adverse effects on the environment. The main aim of this study was to prepare activated carbon from waste tire pyrolysis char by impregnating KOH onto pyrolytic char. Adsorption studies on lead onto chemically activated carbon were carried out using response surface methodology. The effect of process parameters such as temperature (°C), adsorbent dosage (g/100 ml), pH, contact time (minutes) and initial lead concentration (mg/l) on the adsorption capacity were investigated. It was found out that the adsorption capacity increased with an increase in adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, and decreased with an increase in lead concentration and temperature. Optimization of the process variables was done using a numerical optimization method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) analysis, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the pyrolytic carbon char before and after activation. The numerical optimization analysis results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of 93.176 mg/g was obtained at adsorbent dosage of 0.97 g/100 ml, pH 7, contact time of 115.27 min, initial metal concentration of 100 mg/and temperature of 25°C. FTIR and TGA analysis showed the presence of oxygen containing functional groups on the surface of the activated carbon produced and that the weight loss during the activation step was negligible.

15

A Systemic Approach to Digital Image Recording in Technical Education

75%

Tvarůžka V.

The New Educational Review

|

2006

|

tom 9

111-116

EN

Digital image recording is becoming commonplace in modern life. This article describes current pedagogical research aimed at the use of visual recordings obtained using the digital technology CCD (Carge Coupled Device) for technical instruction at junior schools. The author begins by presupposing that visual recordings will range into a format that, when used during instruction, will operate on student receptivity in a new way and influence the effectiveness of technical teaching.

16

Współczesne cyfrowe sensory wizyjne w fotogrametrii bliskiego zasięgu

71%

Sawicki P.

Geodezja / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2006

|

tom T. 12, z. 2/1

397-406

PL

W fotogrametrii bliskiego zasięgu w ostatnich kilkunastu latach dominuje cyfrowa rejestracja obrazów za pomocą optyczno-elektronicznych systemów. Cyfrowe sensory zobrazowania są podstawowym elementem hardware'u fotogrametrycznych systemów pomiarowych 3D typu on-line i off-line. W pracy wykonano klasyfikację optycznych sensorów cyfrowych. Scharakteryzowano parametry techniczne i porównano cechy sensorów "solid state" typu CCD i CMOS. Omówiono różne typy wizyjnych sensorów cyfrowych, które są stosowane w aplikacjach bliskiego zasięgu - cyfrowe kamery wideo CCD, konstrukcje "still video", kamery wysokorozdzielcze, kamery z systemem skanowania, kamery panoramiczne, szybkie kamery cyfrowe. Przedstawiono analizę aktualnego potencjału fotogrametrycznych cyfrowych sensorów wizyjnych stosowanych w bliskim zasięgu oraz sformułowano tendencje ich rozwoju.

EN

Digital images acquisition using optoelectronical systems has been predominant in close range photogrammetry for a dozen years. Digital imaging sensors are the basic hardware element of on-line and off-line photogrammetric 3D measurement systems. The classification of optical digital sensors is presented in the paper. The technical parameters of solid state sensors of CCD and CMOS type were determined and the characteristics were compared. Various types of optical digital sensors - digital video cameras, still video cameras, high-resolution digital cameras, scanning cameras, panorama cameras and high-speed cameras - used in close range applications are discussed. An analysis of the current potential of photogrammetric close range digital imaging sensors and its future development is formulated.

17

Influence of Anchor Depth and Friction Coefficient Between Anchor and Rock on the Trajectory of Rock Masses Detachment

63%

Jonak J. , Karpiński R. , Wójcik A.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

|

tom Vol. 17, no 4

290--298

EN

This work presents the results of a FEA (Finite Element Analysis) concerning the propagation of the fracture tra- jectory during the detachment of rock masses. The analysis considers mechanical anchoring parameters, including the depth of anchoring and the friction between the anchor head and the brittle material. The analysis involved varying the effective anchorage depth hef = 50, 100, and 150 mm, along with considering different coefficients of friction (μ) for the anchor head against the rock, including 0.15, 0.3, and 0.45. The results indicated that within the chosen range of anchorage depths, the extent of damage increases with the depth of anchor embedment. However, the depth of anchoring, considering the studied range of this parameter and the assumed mechanical properties of the rock, did not have a significant effect on the value of the angle cone (α0) during the initial phase of the medium’s destruction. For the friction coefficient μ = 0.15, there is a clear deep penetration into the fracture at its initial stage of development (at the initial angle of α0 = -20°), promoting further spread of the fracture on the free surface. For larger values of the friction coefficient (μ = 0.3 and 0.45) – the trend is less pronounced (α0 = -2°÷-8°) resulting in a decrease in the crack range.

18

Multispectral method and means for determining the distance of the shot on the basis of the study of gunshot injuries of the skin tissues

63%

Petruk V. , Kvaternyuk S. , Kvaternyuk O. , Mokanyuk O. , Petruk R. , Mussubekov R. , Wójcik W. , Toigozhinova A. , Kalizhanova A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2017

|

tom R. 93, nr 3

129--132

EN

The work carried out research and development of methods and means of multispectral vision measurement control and diagnosing of parameters of inhomogeneous biological media for biomedical diagnostics with the use of the n-dimensional multispectral data for each pixel of the array of digital images obtained by the CCD camera. Application results can use to diagnose the nature and severity of gunshot injuries to the biomannequins, biological and physiological properties of the skin tissues that are close to the morphological and functional characteristics of human.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono badania oraz opracowanie metod i środków multispektralnych pomiarów wizyjnych i diagnozowania parametrów niejednorodnych mediów biologicznych dla diagnostyki biomedycznej z wykorzystaniem wielospektralnych n-wymiarowych danych dla każdego piksela tablicy cyfrowych obrazów uzyskanych z aparatu z matrycą CCD. Wyniki aplikacji mogą być użyte, do diagnozowania rodzaju i skali obrażeń postrzałowych bio-manekinów, właściwości biologicznych i fizjologicznych tkanek skóry, zbliżonych do ludzkich cech morfologicznych i funkcjonalnych.

19

Design and assembly of a fast spectrophotometer system for monitoring chemical reactions.

63%

Yousef Y. A. , Fataftah Z. , Akasheh T. S. , Rawashdeh A. M.

Optica Applicata

|

2001

|

tom Vol. 31, nr 3

563-570

EN

We report the design and assembly of a fast spectrophotometer to monitor fast chemical reactions. The system incorporates coupled charge detector (CCD) technology, enabling the instantaneous capture of complete optical spectra in a time scale as short as few microseconds. For demonstration purposes, the degradation of one of the pesticides (benomyl) was monitored using this system.

20

Problemy optymalizacji jakości obrazu w rejestracji obrazów cyfrowych

63%

Rafałowski M.

Prace Instytutu Elektrotechniki

|

2007

|

tom Z. 232

15-39

PL

Wzmocnienie kamery CCD jest to przekształcenie pomiędzy liczbą elektronów ("e-") zarejestrowanych przez element CCD oraz liczbą jednostek numerycznych zawartych w obrazie z matrycy. Znajomość tego przekształcenia jest użyteczna dla oceny jakości kamery CCD . Przedstawiono kilka aspektów optymalizacji jakości obrazów, rejestrowanych cyfrowo z uwzględnieniem występowania np. efektów nierównomierności czułości powierzchniowej układu kamery z obiektywem i matrycą. Następnie opisano niektóre techniki minimalizacji błędów odwzorowania, powstających w czasie rejestracji obrazu, jak również zwiększania zakresu dynamicznego detektorów obrazu.

EN

Amplification of the CCD camera is defined as transformation from the electron quantity ("e-") registered by the digital image sensor and acquired digital units (ADU) as the sensor storage content. Knowledge of this conversion factor is very useful for the camera quality rating. Here some aspects of quality optimization of the digital image with non-uniformity of detector surface sensitivity, together with optical system of the camera Some techniques of minimization of image errors, arising by its registration time, as well as the problem of extending of dynamic range of the image sensor are discussed.