Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Is the pollution of the Baltic Sea increasing?

100%

Kowalewska G.

Oceanological Studies

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2000

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tom Vol. 29, No. 1

21-29

2

What we know about the Baltic Sea: a summary of BSSC 2005

100%

Piechura J. , Pempkowiak J. , Radziejewska T. , Uścinowicz S.

Oceanologia

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2006

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tom No. 48 (S)

3-19

3

Geodezja i kartografia na oszarze morza terytorialnego

100%

Wolny B.

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2004

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tom R. 76, nr 12

10-13

4

Risk factors of the oil products spillage in the Lithuanian economical zone

100%

Dailidiené I.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

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2001

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tom Vol. 28, No. 2

101--108

EN

This paper presents the risk factors connected with oil spillage in the Baltic Sea. Models for the oil drift products give an opportunity to forecast effects of an acddent The accident that happened at Bütinge terminal station caused about 3 tons of oil to be spilt into the sea. After additional data, relating to the kind of oil, amount, co-ordinates, hydro-meteorological conditions, were installed into the Seatrack Web (SMHI Sweden), the results of the model oil drift were close to the real situation.

5

The test of application of WAM model for the wind wave forecasting of the Baltic Sea

100%

Kałas M. , Szefler K.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

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1998

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tom Vol. 25, No. 2

73--82

EN

The following presents a test of implementation of WAM- a third generation wind wave model for oceans, for computations of wave conditions on the Baltic Sea. This work presents an actual state of implementations of this model for existing in the Maritime Institute data base for bathymetry, input meteorological forces and computation possibilities, and point sout future potential of its development and implementation for operational forecasting. Special attention was given to areas near the Polish coast, where field experiments POLRODEX were performed. The computations were made for homogenous wind fields, as well as for wind fields connected with real meteorological situations.

6

A more accurate formula for calculating the net longwave radiation flux in the Baltic Sea

100%

Zapadka T. , Woźniak B. , Dera J.

Oceanologia

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2007

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tom No. 49 (4)

449-470

EN

A new, more accurate formula for calculating the net longwave radiation flux LW ?? has been devised for the Baltic Sea region. To this end, the following sets of simultaneously measured data regarding the longwave radiation of the sea and the atmosphere were used: the temperatures of the sea surface and its contiguous air layer, the water vapour pressure in the air above the water, and the cloud cover. These data were gathered during numerous research cruises in the Baltic in 2000-03 and were supplemented by satellite data from Karlsson (2001) characterising the cloud cover over the whole Baltic. The formula established for LW ?? can be written in the form of three alternative equations, differing with respect to their cloud cover functions: [formula]

7

The invasive amphipod Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939, in Puck Bay [commun.]

80%

Szaniawska A. , Łapucki T. , Normant M.

Oceanologia

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2003

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tom No. 45 (3)

507-510

EN

The paper is a report on the occurrence of the species Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939, in the coastal waters of Puck Bay.

8

Variability in the saline water exchange between the Baltic and the Gulf of Gdansk by the sigma-coordinate model

80%

Jankowski A.

Oceanologia

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2003

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tom No. 45 (1)

81-105

EN

A three-dimensional baroclinic sigma-coordinate model was applied to study the circulation and thermohaline variability in the coastal zone in the south-eastern Baltic Sea. The model is based on the Princeton Ocean Model code of Blumberg & Mellor (1987), known as POM, and has the horizontal resolution of ~5 km and 24 sigma-levels in the vertical. The hydrodynamic conditions and variability of water and salt exchange between the Gulf of Gdansk and the Baltic Proper, and the renewal of water masses in the Gulf of Gdansk due to atmospheric forcing are analyzed. The numerical simulations were performed with real atmospheric forcings as well as with homogeneous (spatially uniform) wind fields over the whole Baltic Sea. The numerical simulations showed that the atmospheric forcing (winds) can play a significant role in shaping the renewal of bottom saline waters in the Gulf of Gdansk. Two regions of inflow/outflow of saline waters responsible for the salinity regime were located. The overall water exchange between the Gulf and the Baltic Proper as well as the exchange of saline bottom waters appear to be strongly dependent on wind conditions. The net flux of water of salinity >9 PSU is of the order of 48000-100000 m3 s-1. SE, E, S and NE winds were found to exert the greatest influence on salinity conditions in the Gulf of Gdansk. Estimates of saline (salinity >9 PSU) water residence time based on the model simulation yielded values from 46 days for SE winds to 153 days for NW winds.

9

Influence of salinity on the growth of Nodularla spumigena mertens

80%

Musial A. , Plinski M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2003

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tom Vol. 32, No. 2

45-52

EN

The plankton material was sampled in August 1997 from the Gulf of Gdansk. The Cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena strain (NSG 0897) was isolated from the samples. The effect of salinity on the growth of Nodularia spumigena was studied in the laboratory. Salinity had a significant effect on the number of cells, optical density, concentration of chlorophyll a, dry mass and growth rate. The Nodularia spumigena strain grew well in salinities 4-16 PSU. A salinity of 8 PSU is the best for the growth of this strain.

10

PCBs in phytoplankton in the Odra Estuary [commun.]

80%

Konat-Stepowicz J. , Kowalewska G.

Oceanologia

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2003

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tom No. 45 (3)

491-506

EN

Eleven PCB congeners were determined in phytoplankton samples collected from the Odra Estuary at 9 stations in 2001-2002. The PCB concentrations were related to the temperature, turbidity, salinity, oxygen and redox potential of the water as well as to the pigment content in the samples. The results indicate that phytoplankton and the detritus derived from it play a crucial role in the distribution of PCBs, their transfer from the water column to sediments and from the Estuary to the sea. The species composition of the phytoplankton occurring in this area could also be very important as regards the sorption of PCBs.

11

Inflow waters in the deep regions of the southern Baltic Sea - transport and transformations

80%

Piechura J. , Beszczyńska-Möller A.

Oceanologia

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2003

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tom No. 45 (4)

593-621

EN

A medium-sized inflow (about 200 km3 according to IOW data, - personal communication) of saline water into the southern Baltic Sea occurred during January 2003. Unlike any previously observed inflow, this one brought very cold water, of temperatures around 1-2°C and less. Since the temperature of the deep water in the southern Baltic before the inflow was exceptionally high (11-12°C), the inflowing waters produced dramatic changes and a steep temperature gradient. The movement of the inflowing waters through the deep basins and channels of the Baltic Sea from the Arkona Basin to the Gdansk Deep during next 4-8 months is described. Frequent mesoscale structures and intensive mixing followed the eastward transport of the inflow water, particularly in the Bornholm Deep and Słupsk Furrow. The present paper is based on data collected during of 6 cruises r/v "Oceania" between December 2002 and August 2003. The last cruise in August took place in order to assess the long-term consequences of the inflow.

12

Temporal and spatial evolution of the Baltic deep water renewal in spring 2003

80%

Feistel R. , Nausch G. , Matthäus W. , Hagen E.

Oceanologia

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2003

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tom No. 45 (4)

623-642

EN

In January 2003, a deep-water renewal process in the Baltic Sea commenced with an inflow of about 200 km3 of cold and well oxygenated water from the Kattegat, half of which was of salinity >17 PSU; it is considered to be the most important inflow since 1993. Related front propagation and the ventilation of anoxic waters between the western and the central Baltic were recorded by the Darss Sill measuring mast, the Arkona Basin buoy, a subsurface mooring in the Eastern Gotland Basin, and hydrographic research cruises conducted in January, February, March, May and August 2003. Already in May, the central Gotland Basin was reached by water with near-bottom oxygen concentrations among the highest ever recorded there. A comprehensive review of the observed spatial and temporal structures together with additional background data is presented. Estimates of the intensity of the present inflow are discussed.

13

Hydrodynamic modelling in the Polish Zone of the Baltic Sea - an overview of Polish achievements

80%

Jasińska E. , Robakiewicz M. , Staśkiewicz A.

Oceanologia

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2003

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tom No. 45 (1)

107-120

EN

This paper gives a general overview of Polish experience and achievements with regard to hydrodynamic modelling in the Polish zone of the Baltic Sea. The first work started already at the end of the sixties when the first 1D and 2D hydrodynamic models were set up. With the development of numerical methods and increasing computational power a number of 1D, 2D and 3D models were set up and tested. Global, regional and local models cover the most important water bodies, i.e. the Pomeranian Bay - Szczecin Lagoon and Gulf of Gdansk - Vistula Lagoon systems.

14

Content and pattern of organic pollutants (PAHs, PCBs and DDT) in blue mussels Mytilus trossulus from the southern Baltic Sea

80%

Potrykus J. , Albalat A. , Pempkowiak J. , Porte C.

Oceanologia

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2003

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tom No. 45 (2)

337-355

EN

The objective of this work was to assess the contents and patterns of selected organic pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls - PCBs, and chlorinated pesticides - DDT) in the southern part of the Baltic Sea proper, using blue mussels, Mytilus trossulus, as sentinel organisms. The mussels were collected from the Baltic Sea off Poland. The sampling programme focused on the mouths of the rivers Odra and Vistula, located respectively in the Pomeranian Bay and the Gulf of Gdansk, both known to be under anthropogenic pressure. The analyses of PCBs and DDT were performed by GC-ECD, that of PAHs by GC-MS. Mussels from both the Vistula and Odra estuaries were found to contain higher levels of organic contaminants (PAHs, PCBs, DDT; 29.7 ng g-1 w.w. (wet weight), 22.3 ng g-1 w.w., 11.2 ng g-1 w.w. respectively) as compared to the reference point (PAHs - 8.6 ng g-1 w.w., PCBs - 1.9 ng g-1 w.w., DDT - 1.3 ng g-1 w.w.). These results confirm the direct influence of land-based pollution sources on the content of organic pollutants (PAHs, PCBs, and DDT) in the southern Baltic Sea, and point to the Gulf of Gdansk as the area most under threat. P/A and Fluo/Py ratios indicate that in all the mussels analysed, the contaminants were derived mainly from pyrolitic combustion. The mussels collected along the Polish coast of the Baltic contain mostly tetra-aromatic isomers (fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene and chrysene), penta-aromatic isomers (benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(e)fluorene, benzo(a)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)-anthracene) and hexa-aromatics (indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene) rather than di- and tri-aromatics (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene). As regards PCBs, the Baltic mussels contain mostly the more highly chlorinated congeners (penta- and hexachlorobiphenyls). The PCB / pp' DDE and PAH / pp' DDE ratios indicate the predominance of PCBs and PAHs over agriculturally derived DDE in both the Pomeranian Bay and the Gulf of Gdansk.

15

Development of tools for ecological quality assessment in polish marine areas according to the Water Framework Directive. Part III - Secchi depth

80%

Łysiak-Pastuszak E. , Krzymiński W. , Lewandowski Ł.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2009

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tom Vol. 38, No.3

113-124

EN

The implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires ecological status quantification on the basis of biological and physico-chemical parameters, and an assessment of reference conditions and relevant environmental pressures for the construction of response curves. In this study the linking of water transparency, a proposed eutrophication indicator, to environmental pressure parameters was examined in the Polish sector of the Baltic Sea. Statistically significant linear correlations were detected between nutrient concentrations in sea water and Secchi depth, and between nutrient riverine loads and Secchi depth. The magnitude of acceptable deviation from reference conditions is also discussed.

16

Seasonal variability in the optical properties of Baltic aerosols

80%

Zdun A. , Rozwadowska A. , Kratzer S.

Oceanologia

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2011

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tom No. 53 (1)

7-34

EN

A five-year dataset of spectral aerosol optical thickness was used to analyse the seasonal variability of aerosol optical properties (the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at wavelength λ=500 nm, AOT(500) and the Angström exponent for the 440-870 nm spectral range, α(440, 870)) over the Baltic Sea and dependence of these optical properties on meteorological factors (wind direction, wind speed and relative humidity). The data from the Gotland station of the global radiometric network AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network, http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov) were taken to be representative of the Baltic Sea conditions. Meteorological observations from Farosund were also analysed. Analysis of the data from 1999 to 2003 revealed a strong seasonal cycle in AOT(500) and α(440, 870). Two maxima of monthly mean values of AOT(500) over the Baltic were observed. In April, an increase in the monthly mean aerosol optical thickness over Gotland most probably resulted from agricultural waste straw burning, mainly in northern Europe and Russia as well as in the Baltic states, Ukraine and Belarus. During July and August, the aerosol optical thickness was affected by uncontrolled fires (biomass burning). There was a local minimum of AOT(500) in June. Wind direction, a local meteorological parameter strongly related to air mass advection, is the main meteorological factor influencing the variability of aerosol optical properties in each season. The highest mean values of AOT(500) and α(440, 870) occurred with easterly winds in both spring and summer, but with southerly winds in autumn

17

Chemical warfare agents dumped in the Baltic Sea

80%

Korzeniewski K.

Oceanological Studies

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1999

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tom Vol. 28, No. 1-2

83-103

EN

The article reviews of the state of investigations concerning the threat of chemical warfare agents (CWA) dumped in the Baltic Sea to the health of people making use of the sea. The paper presents the types and quantities of chemical munitions dumped in the Polish sector of the Baltic Sea, the location of dumping sites and localities where accidental injuries to people have taken place. The results of the HELCOM ad hoc Working Group on Dumped War Gas and Ammunition in the Polish Economic Zone are also reviewed. The approximate condition of the dumped CWA and their status on the sea floor are discussed. The Polish studies on the deactivation of CWA are summarised.

18

Vertical zonation of the total, biotic and abiotic oxygen consumption on a Baltic sandy beach

80%

Urban-Malinga B. , Opaliński K. W.

Oceanological Studies

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1999

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tom Vol. 28, No. 3-4

85-96

EN

The oxygen consumption of a sandy beach on the Gulf of Gdansk (southern Baltic Sea) was determined. The study was carried out in three sediment layers (0-1, 1-6, 6-11cm) at four localities on the beach profile. Total oxygen consumption lay between 0.59 and 4.33 mm3 O2 cm-3 h-1. A significant linear correlation was found between sediment depth and total oxygen consumption in the littoral zone (r = 0.85) and in the splash zone (r = -0.71). The highest biotic oxidation was recorded in the upper sediment layers in the splash zone (0-1 cm: 1.57 mm3 O2 cm-3 h-1) and at the waterline (1-6 cm: 1.87 mm3 O2 cm-3 h-1). Meiofaunal respiration constituted 0.1- 3.0% of the biotic oxygen consumption. Abiotic oxygen consumption ranged between 0.07 and 3.43 mm3 O2 cm-3 h-1 and was the dominant component of total oxidation in deeper layers.

19

Synoptic conditions governing upwelling along the Polish Baltic coast

80%

Bednorz E. , Półrolniczak M. , Czernecki B.

Oceanologia

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2013

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tom No. 55 (4)

767--785

EN

The study analyses atmospheric feedback to the occurrence of upwelling along the Polish Baltic coast. Upwelling events were identified on the basis of daily mean sea surface temperature (SST) maps from the period 1982-2010 derived from the NOAA OI SST V2 High Resolution Dataset. Synoptic conditions favourable to the occurrence of upwelling were determined on the basis of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. On average, there are approximately 23 days with upwelling each year along the Polish Baltic coast, which account for approximately 13% of the warm period (April-September). The pressure pattern with an anticyclone centred over Scandinavia and extending over northern Europe induces a north-easterly flow of air along the Polish Baltic coast, which causes upwelling. Such a circulation pattern is accompanied by positive air temperature anomalies. The opposite pressure conditions, during which a trough of low pressure encompasses Scandinavia, cause a westerly flow over the southern part of the Baltic basin, which effectively inhibits upwelling along the Polish Baltic coast.

20

Groundwater flow conditions in the coastal bedrock area of the Gulf of Finland

80%

Mälkki E.

Geological Quarterly

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2003

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tom Vol. 47, No 3

299-306

EN

The coastal area and archipelago of the Gulf of Finland mostly comprises bedrock terrain with a generally thin soil cover and represents a distinct hydrogeological regime. The bulk of the bedrock area consists of relatively unbroken blocks with small, hydraulically uniform systems. The direct groundwater flow from the blocks to the sea is restricted to the blocks bordering the sea. The blocks are crossed by faults and fractures, which locally form long broken zones inside the rock mass. A single fault can catch water from several blocks and also from the soil cover. Most groundwater in the coastal strip flows to the sea through the bedrock fault zones, which are thought to represent the most favourable flow conditions. The dimensions of hydraulically uniform horizons, hydraulic conductivities and hydraulic gradients of the fault zones are poorly known. The estimated groundwater flow distance from the land to the sea in the faults reaches 8–10 km, thought the average distance may only be around 2 km. In the block areas the flow distance is even shorter, down to about one kilometre. On the whole, the amount of groundwater discharging directly to the sea from this regime (excluding overlying sand and gravel deposits), which has a surface area of around 2100 km2, is approximately 4 m3 s–1. This is a third of the total direct discharge to the sea in the coastal areas of Finland.