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Podomní obchodníci aneb jak se kdysi ve Slezsku hauzírovalo. Příspěvek k historii podomního obchodu na přelomu 19. a 20. století

100%

Myška M.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2014

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tom 5

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nr 2

173-198

EN

The study expands on Ferdinand Braudel’s (in: Civilisation matérielle, économie et capitalisme, XV-XVIII siècle, 1979) notion of the importance of door-to-door sales (German: hausieren)as a significant phenomenon of functioning exchange. The notion is then applied to the region of Austrian Silesia at the turn of the 19th and 20th century, i.e. at a time when this trading technique was already in decline but still retained considerable importance owing to the specific economic and social circumstances in the area. The study analyses the territorial and social origins of door-to-door salesmen – Hausierer, the structure of the commodities with which they traded, the everydayness of a door-to-door salesman, and also includes the relevant Austro-Hungarian legislation. It also explains the important part that door-todoor sales played in solving social problems in the region of Silesia, which at the time was threatened with mass poverty.

2

Místní dráha Svinov–Klimkovice (1896–1934) : Historie jedné železniční "akciové společnosti" s důrazem na finanční aspekty podnikání v oblasti svépomocných místních drah rakouského Slezska

88%

Závodná M.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2016

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tom 7

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nr 2

167-183

EN

The study examines the inception and realisation of the local train service between Svinov and Klimkovice, starting with initial considerations, and ending with its sale. The main focus is on the approach and activities of local authorities of the interested municipalities, and the part played by regional and state authorities in the realisation of the rail service. Funding sources and risks arising for the individual project participants and rail service realisation are also studied. Post-war development of the firm is also explored, namely the economic operations associated with the sale of the rail service to the Association of Moravian Local Rail Services, and the subsequent financial settlement between the local authorities and other participants in the company.

3

The authorship of the Second Military Survey of Galicia and Austrian Silesia at the scale 1:28,800 and the consistency of sheet content based on selected examples

88%

Ostafin K. , Kaim D. , Troll M. , Maciejowski W.

Polish Cartographical Review

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2020

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tom Vol. 52, No. 4

141--151

EN

The aim of this article is to expand the understanding of the history of cartography of the lands of southern Poland under Austrian rule in the nineteenth century. The Austrian Second Military Survey, at the scale 1:28,800, was produced for the province of Galicia between 1861 and 1864 and for Austrian Silesia between 1838 and 1841. In Galicia, work on 413 sheets was led by thirteen cartographers, and the content and descriptions were prepared by 106 cartographic technicians. On the 42 sheets of the Silesia maps, two directors and 11 technicians were recorded. The military cartographers who prepared the survey of the two provinces belonged to 71 multinational units of the army of the Austrian Empire. Work with nineteenth-century maps is fraught with uncertainty about the consistency of the series, which may be reflected in the content of the maps. The consistency of map content was tested on sheets covering the Polish Carpathians for two types of features: linear (roads) and area (forests). Expanding the understanding of these maps may contribute to reducing uncertainty in their use for various environmental and socio-economic analyses.

4

Václav Šílený a situace českého Slezska a Ostravska kolem roku 1900

88%

Šopák P.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2019

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tom 10

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nr 1

48-60

EN

Václav Šílený was a lawyer, Moravian politician, member of the Moravian Diet and Imperial Council and organisation official. Based on the preserved fragments of written remnants and period media reports, the author highlights his relationship to the region of Czech Silesia and Ostrava, in particular, to the important issues of education and economy

5

Centralne Zrzeszenie Nauczycieli Czeskich na Śląsku [Ústřední spolek českých učitelů ve Slezsku] w latach 1894–1918

88%

Bogus M. , Spyra J.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2018

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tom 9

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nr 1

18-32

EN

Over the course of the 1800s, schools played a vital role in the process of shaping modern associations. They prepared the upcoming generations for life in a world that changed more and more rapidly, and was an important means for passing down ways and patterns of behaviour, which were required by political and societal elites. The way in which this information was related to students – in other words, the attitude of the teachers – was also significant. Teachers in the Austrian Empire (and after 1867, in Austria-Hungary) started to organise themselves in the latter half of the 19th century, and in Austrian Silesia, a similar process started in 1868. The first local and unambiguously Czech teachers’ association was founded in 1882, followed by several others. Their representative body, the Central Association of Czech Teachers, was established in 1894.

6

Alois Schwarz (1854–1928), orędownik akulturacji ostrawskich Żydów do kultury niemieckiej

75%

Spyra J.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2016

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tom 7

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nr 1

80-94

EN

The article presents the activities of Alois Schwarz, a chemistry and natural history professor at the Landes- Oberrealschule (a type of regional high school) in Moravian Ostrava, author of numerous works and the organizer of international brewing congresses. He belonged to the social and political urban elite and he was a member of the city council for three terms. He also played an active role in local associations. In 1902, he founded a high school for girls, the Female High School (Mädchen- Lyzeum), which he managed for 20 years, promoting the model of modern education in the German language. He advocated the idea that Jews should adopt the German language and culture, which was believed to be universal, according to the general notion of humanism.

7

Incomplete Intelligentsia: Efforts of Folk Teachers to Improve Their Social Status within the Habsburg Monarchy

75%

Bogus-Spyra M.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2020

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tom 121

PL

As part of the modernisation process, the authorities of major European countries ascribed to teachers of people’s schools the role of educating the lower strata of society (inhabitants of villages, manual workers, etc.). Similarly, they put this professional group in charge of the realisation of the hidden purpose of state education: shaping subjects so that they would accept the social and political order. Given their required education and the social tasks they undertook, it was assumed folk teachers would be associated with opinion-forming groups and the intelligentsia. However, in fact, for a long time, they were denied belonging to either of these groups. During the long nineteenth century, they had to struggle with a negative reception of their efforts in those circles in which the school and the teacher were perceived as unnecessary institutions. In most regions of Central Europe, for example in Austrian Silesia, thanks to the improvements of the professional competencies of the teachers and their dedication in fulfilling their obligations, both at school and outside it, the teachers and their organisations were successful in changing this perception of them. They were also actively involved in the political activities of various national camps. Nevertheless, in most official institutions, they were not the ones making the most important decisions concerning elementary education. At the same time, however, without their cooperation, none of the educational and social plans would have been implemented in practice.Thanks to their participation in the public life of local communities, especially rural ones, over time they became the new opinion-formers, playing the role of an intelligentsia that works among the people. They were not only elementary education specialists, but also pedagogues, activity-inspirers for the adult inhabitants, and experts in dealing with all kinds of situations and emergency issues.

8

Německé zemědělské spolky v rakouském Slezsku druhé poloviny 19. století : stavovská svépomoc, solidarita, jednota a uvědomělost

75%

Balcarová J.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2017

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tom 8

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nr 2

151-164

EN

This paper introduces the agricultural interest structures of Germans in Austrian Silesia in the latter half of the 19th century as an element of modernisation of the countryside which significantly contributed to its economic, class and political emancipation, from the point of view of their gradual organisational construction and the principles of peasant association. It can be surmised that the milieu of agricultural associations, which were connected with other agricultural-economic structures in terms of their membership and interest, had the potential to advance the ideological elements of the nascent German agrarian movement at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The paper focuses on the key agricultural non-political associations along with their developmental trends which created this base in the region of Austrian Silesia. The author primarily relies on printed sources, because although the archive material devoted to agricultural associations in the region may seem very rich, it does not provide the necessary amount of relevant data. Given the current state of research, when the interest structures of associations are not given attention considering their role in the development of rural areas, this article seeks to enrich the professional discourse surrounding the issue.

9

Rozvoj předlitavského obchodního školství do první světové války na příkladu rakouského Slezska

75%

Kadlec P.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2018

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tom 9

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nr 1

33-55

EN

The study focuses on the development of business education in the area of Cisleithania and Austrian Silesia from approximately mid-18th century until the First World War. It introduces the main developmental trends in this educational sector, key legislation and organisational changes, and outlines the broadening distribution of various sectors of business education. While the first part of this text is devoted to a general context in Cisleithania, the second focuses on Austrian Silesia, where the various tendencies are documented by providing examples of particular educational institutions.

10

Bussinessmen versus Workers, or Strikes and Lockouts (Closures) in Austrian Silesia at the Turn of the 19th Century

75%

Knob S.

Hospodářské dějiny (Economic History)

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2012

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tom 27

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nr 1

30-45

EN

Economic struggles between employees and employers, especially the strike movement represents one of the very important factors in the economic history of the 19th and 20th century. The search for the causes of strikes on a regional level depends on understanding the structures between employers and employees. Every such analysis involves many difficulties. It is necessary to keep an unbiased view, set into the contemporary context. Sources don’t have to provide answers to all of our questions. The more we know about the social background of the workers and their linkage to businessmen and local conditions, the better we can understand their actions.

11

Beseda – matice – jednota : typologie organizačních forem českých Slezanů ve druhé polovině 19. století

75%

Šopák P.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2017

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tom 8

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nr 2

134-150

EN

A typology of associations in Austrian Silesia in the second half of the 19 th century is an attempt to reinterpret the function of an association in the region within its political, social and mental realities: the type of association, expressed by its name, is vital for understanding its function and for creating links between different types of associations within a complex national political and cultural representation.

12

Polsko-czesko-niemiecki konflikt o Śląsk Cieszyński w latach 1918-1920

63%

Hojka Z.

Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie

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2023

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tom 321

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nr 2

255-279

EN

After World War I, plebiscites were supposed to be one of the factors determining the shape of the borders of the Second Polish Republic, e.g., borders between Poland and Czechoslovakia with respect to Cieszyn Silesia. During this period, there was a Polish–Czech–German conflict over the affiliation of this region. Despite the agreement of November 5, 1918, on the ethnic division of Cieszyn Silesia, which was favourable for Poland, an armed intervention took place, and most of the area was occupied by the Czechs. Therefore, the Paris Peace Conference decided to take the area under international supervision and then carry out a plebiscite. During the plebiscite, Polish authorities realised that Czechoslovakia could win the vote. It was decided to postpone the plebiscite and suggest arbitration. Finally, during the Polish-Bolshevik war, the unfavourable for Poland division of Cieszyn Silesia was decided upon at the Spa conference of August 28, 1920.

PL

Po I wojnie światowej jednym z czynników decydujących o kształcie granic II Rzeczypospolitej miały być plebiscyty, m.in. między Polską i Czechosłowacją o Śląsk Cieszyński. W tym okresie miał miejsce konflikt polsko-czesko-niemiecki o przynależność państwową tego regionu. Pomimo korzystnej dla Polski umowy z 5 listopada 1918 roku o podziale na zasadach etnicznych Śląska Cieszyńskiego, doszło do interwencji zbrojnej i zajęcia większości terenu przez Czechów. W tej sytuacji na konferencji paryskiej postanowiono poddać go nadzorowi międzynarodowemu a następnie zarządzono przeprowadzenie plebiscytu. Rozpoczęła się akcja plebiscytowa, w trakcie, której władze polskie uzmysłowiły sobie, że głosowanie może wygrać Czechosłowacja. W tej sytuacji zdecydowano się na odwlekanie plebiscytu go a następnie zaproponowano arbitraż. Ostatecznie w czasie wojny polsko-bolszewickiej na konferencji w Spa 28 sierpnia 1920 r. doszło do niekorzystnego dla Polski podziału Śląska Cieszyńskiego.

13

Geoportal historyczny Galicji i Śląska Austriackiego dla lat 1857-1910

63%

Ostafin K. , Kaim D.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2021

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tom T. 19, z. 1(92)

7--16

PL

Przetwarzanie historyczne dane cyfrowe, choć coraz bardziej dostępnych, może być barierą w prowadzeniu badań z zakresu wielu dyscyplin i zagadnień naukowych, w tym demografii, rozwoju regionalnego czy też relacji człowiek – środowisko. Dlatego koniecznym jest by nie tylko digitalizować zbiory archiwalne czy biblioteczne, lecz także, by przetwarzać je do postaci cyfrowych danych przestrzennych, możliwych do wykorzystania w środowisku GIS. Przykładem takich działań jest geoportal historyczny Galicji i Śląska Austriackiego z lat 1857-1910, który skupia zarówno przetworzone dane przestrzenne, jak i historyczne dane statystyczne, które połączono z odtworzonymi podziałami administracyjnymi na kilku poziomach. Geoportal umożliwia zarówno przeglądanie, jak i pobieranie cyfrowych danych przestrzennych w formie wektorowej, takich jak: podziały administracyjne, sieć drogowa, sieć kolejowa, rozmieszczenie budynków. W przypadku danych statystycznych, geoportal oferuje dostęp do danych z austriackich spisów powszechnych, organizowanych w przybliżeniu co dziesięć lat. Dane te dostępne są w formacie Excel i można je połączyć z udostępnianymi warstwami historycznych podziałów administracyjnych.

EN

Processing of historical digital data, although more and more accessible, can be a barrier to researching and scientific problem solving, including demography, regional development, or human-environment relations. Therefore, it is necessary not only to digitalize the collections gathered in archives or libraries but also to process them into digital spatial data, which can be used in GIS. An example of such activities is a historical geoportal of Galicia and Austrian Silesia 1857-1910, which brings together processed spatial data and historical statistical data, which are combined with reconstructed administrative divisions on several levels. The geoportal allows viewing and downloading of digital spatial data in vector form, such as administrative divisions, road network, railroad network, location of buildings. For statistical data, the geoportal offers an access to data from Austrian censuses, organized approximately every ten years. These data are available in Excel format and can be combined with the provided layers of historical administrative divisions.