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EN
The aim of the studies was to determine the allelophatic effect of Alopecurus myosuroides seeds on winter wheat germination and seedling growth. Results showed that the neighbourhood of A. myosuroides decrease germination ability of winter wheat by 4–42% in comparison to the pure sowing. A negative influence of the tested weed species on length of seed root of wheat was observed. The research showed that neighbourhood of A. myosuroides seeds caused root shortening of winter wheat by 64–77%, in comparison to the control (pure sowing of winter wheat).
EN
The field trials were conducted in 2007–2009. In the field trials 6 herbicides were evaluated. The conducted trials examinated the occurrence and harmfulness of Alopecurus myosuroides in winter wheat and evaluated possibilities of its control. A. myosuroides is a rare weed species in South-Western Poland. Its occurrence only in 24 locations in the area of Lover Silesia and Opole region was observed. A. myosuroides is most competitive weed species for a crop. The economical threshold of harmfulness is above 25 plants per squere meter. In field conditions A. myosuroides was the most effectively controled by Atlantis 04 WG with adiuvant Actirob 842 EC (autumn treatment), Axial 100 EC with adiuvant Adigor 440 EC (autumn and spring treatment), Puma Uuniversal 069 EW (spring treatment), Attribut 70 WG (spring treatment) and Quazar 550 SC (autumn treatment). From agricultural point of view the most advantageous is the autumn control of A. myosuroides. The spring treatment despite of high control efficacy of the weed did not ensure a high level of winter wheat yielding. It resulted from a longer period of A. myosuroides competitive influence on winter wheat.
EN
Alopecurus myosuroides seeds were sampled from 32 winter wheat fields from 2010 to 2014. Resistance to herbicides was detected in 17 A. myosuroides populations. In addition to single resistance to herbicides, cross-resistance and multiple resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)- and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides were found. Application of sulfometuron and imazapyr was unable to control some of the resistant biotypes in this study. This result implies that resistance in these populations is due to a target site mechanism. The A. myosuroides biotypes resistant to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides varied in their responses to derivatives of aryloxy-phenoxy-propionic acid (FOPs), cyclohexanediones (DIMs) and phenylpyrazolines (DENs). Resistant biotypes of A. myosuroides that could not be controlled with fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (FOP) and pinoxaden (DEN) were controlled with clethodim (DIM).
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