Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

POLISH LONDON 1945

100%

Habielski R.

Dzieje Najnowsze

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2005

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nr 4

63-76

EN

In 1945, the political finale of WW II, identified by the London émigré circles with the outcome of the Yalta Conference, was recognised as a reason for maintaining the shape devised after September 1939. It also defined a certain approach characterised, on the one hand, by an inclination to perceive in the majority of the aspects of international politics the negative onsequences of the Yalta agreements; on the other hand, it was determined by a willingness to return to the prewar situation, both political and territorial. This reaction towards the aftermath of the war produced political forms and behaviour which rendered impossible all participation in current politics, and hampered contact with the homeland. It also excluded the possibility of the 'Polish London' to exert any impact upon the international position of Poland and the domestic situation.

2

THE ATTITUDE OF THE POLISH COMMUNITY IN VILNO TOWARDS NEW REALITY. STANDS AND MOODS 1944-1945

80%

Lewandowska S.

Dzieje Najnowsze

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2005

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nr 4

77-91

EN

The object of the analysis requires outlining a more extensive exposition as well as rendering several issues more precise. The authoress examined the question of a Polish minority existing 'here and now', in a concrete geographic space; the well-enrooted indigenous population possessed its own historical and regional traditions, and was involved in complicated relations with other nationalities, particularly the Lithuanians, for whom Vilno (Wilno, Vilnius) and its environments remained the object of years-long controversies with the Poles. The chronological boundaries of this sketch are the years 1944-1945. The situation in which the Lithuanian state found itself produced qualitatively new circumstances for the Polish minority, different from the ones which had prevailed since 1939. During this period, Vilno changed its state affiliation upon a number of occasions. It remained the capital of Lithuania for not quite a year, and subsequently was incorporated into the Soviet Union; in the years 1941-1944 it was occupied by the Nazis and then once again became the capital of a Soviet republic. Memory about the Polish past was gradually limited, and assumed 'local' and 'native' qualities. By retaining its language and oral tradition it became a regional 'Polishness' , encompassing customs, songs, and narrated 'stories'. Hence the predominant element consolidating tradition was embedded in individual and collective memory; it was also transmitted in individual and collective memory. This type of cultural behaviour was, basically speaking, passive and defensive, and favoured the relative stability of the number of Poles in Lithuania. Another conducive circumstance was the existence of schools (elementary and secondary) with Polish as the language of instruction. Regardless of the 'curricula adapted to' Soviet needs, they influenced the retention of certain rudimentary components of 'high culture'. The promoted initiatives and ventures favoured both the preservation of old 'codes' of tradition and their expansion. Undertaken in difficult and unfavourable conditions, they passed the test of time.

3

DIALOGUE AS A PERIPHERAL CUE IN ELABORATION LIKELIHOOD MODEL OF PERSUASION

80%

Kalecinska-Adamczyk E.

Psychological Studies

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2007

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tom 45

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nr 4

29-39

EN

The study aimed at evaluating of a dialogue as a technique of persuasion.The natural experiments were provided. According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion the way of persuasive communication (dialogue vs monologue) and kinds of the objects of persuasion were manipulated to observe the effects on peripheral attitudes changes and compliance. In two experiments, the dialogue technique appeared to be more effective than monologue one. Particularly, in groups of disadvantaged objects, the difference in attitudes was extremely evident: In dialogue conditions the attitudes were more favorable towards the 'suspicious' objects and more congruent with agitators' opinions than in monologue conditions. The rule of friendship is likely to be the potential mechanism of the observed efficiency of the dialogue.

4

THE MOOD OF THE INHABITANTS OF WROCLAW IN 1945-1946

80%

Ordylowski M.

Dzieje Najnowsze

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2005

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nr 4

139-150

EN

A paper is a presentation of the attitudes demonstrated by the first Polish inhabitants of Wroclaw soon after the end of the wartime hostilities, together with assorted problems and dilemmas associated with settling down in a new place of residence. The author described the various stances of the Polish newcomers, both those interested in rapid material gains and those who perceived moving to Wroclaw as an opportunity for starting a new life. The article also considers the impact exerted upon the Polish residents by living conditions in a city which was gradually becoming Polish, fears and attempts to quickly alter the very character of the town, growing familiarity with Wroclaw and its successive transformation into a Polish urban centre, as well as an awareness of the ensuing changes. The author wrote about the conduct of the Germans and their role in a town which was slowly assuming a new national character.

5

OPINIONS OF THE SLOVAK POPULATION ON IMMIGRANTS BASED ON EUROBAROMETER DATA

80%

Bozogáňová M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2020

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tom 23

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nr 1

45 – 57

EN

The aim of this paper is to analyze the opinions of the Slovak population on immigrants based on data available through Eurobarometer 88.2 (2017). We deal with the opinions on legal immigrants as a part of our research. According to Eurobarometer 88.2 (2017), immigrants are people born outside of the European Union, who left their home country and currently legally reside in Slovakia. Official statistics show that most immigrants from outside the EU who are in Slovakia legally come from Ukraine, Russia, the United States of America, Vietnam and Serbia. According to the results of research on public attitudes towards migration (2019) of the International Organization for Migration, the Slovak population has relatively little personal experience and knowledge of immigrants. The paper offers space for reflections and research topics within the Slovak Republic (for example, what causes the differences in opinions between West and Eastern Slovakia).

6

FENOMENOLOGICKÝ A ESTETICKÝ POSTOJ. POZNÁMKY K ICH SVOJBYTNOSTI A PREKRÝVANIU

80%

Vydrová J.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2008

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tom 63

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nr 7

619-624

EN

The connection between art and philosophy is presented in the essay on two levels. On one hand they are conceived as two parallel and autonomous attitudes (as in the analyses of E. Husserl), on the other hand there is a possibility of their intertwining (as in the texts of M. Henry). Both directions are based on phenomenology and focus on the problem of 'life' and 'praxis'. A. Giacometti's and W. Kandinsky's views on art serve as the background of the philosophical analysis.

7

TRUST IN PEOPLE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS IMMIGRATION

80%

Výrost J. , Dobeš M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2019

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tom 22

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nr 1

34 - 43

EN

We use data from the European Social Survey (ESS) Rounds 1-7 to investigate the relationship between trust in people and attitudes towards immigrants and immigration. Our analysis is based on large longitudinal comparative survey data (ESS), where the immigrant attitudes are operationalized by two groups of items: the attitude toward immigrants and the attitude toward immigration. We constructed a structural equations model comprised of three intercorrelated latent variables. Each latent variable was supported by three items from the ESS questionnaire. The results show that the questions in the ESS questionnaire that targeted respective attitudes and values (immigrants, immigration and trust) are consistent and that each triplet measures a common underlying factor. Our analysis shows that although correlation signs and strengths are consistent among people in various countries, significant differences remain in terms of how strongly trust in people and attitudes towards immigrants and immigration are correlated. We can hypothesize that immigration is not perceived as emotionally in the countries that joined later (most of the data have been collected before the current migration crisis); therefore, the fear of immigrants may not be as intense, and the correlation with the underlying factor of feeling secure is not as high.

8

ATTITUDES TOWARDS SOCIAL SECURITY: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

80%

Piterová I.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2018

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tom 21

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nr 3

50 – 69

EN

There has not been enough attention given to the topic of social security in Slovak psychological research; although the state of social protection, legal aspects of social security or themes of social services, social policy and social care are well described by economists, sociologists, lawyers or social workers. The article provides an overview of the current knowledge of social security attitudes as attitudes have been a research topic of social psychology for a long time. This review is divided into four main parts. Firstly, a brief description of the social security system in the Slovak Republic is provided. Secondly, the paper describes and summarizes different types of welfare states in the context of chosen typologies. It begins with the typology of Esping-Andersen (1990), Leibfried, (1992), Ferrera (1996), and Bonoli (1997) and continues with recent research that lead to the question about numbers and different types of welfare states e.g. Arts and Gellisen (2001) or Gryaznova (2013). Thirdly, the definition of social security attitudes in relation to Fishbein´s and Ajzen´s theory is presented. The possibility of categorizing welfare attitudes into three levels, according to the degree of generality, is outlined. Finally, the results of research on determinants of social security attitudes carried out are described. The large amount of research is built on survey databases such as the European Social Survey or International Social Survey Program. In conclusion, the comparison of European countries gave an answer to the question: “Who is more supportive?” The highest support for social security benefits and services is in Scandinavian countries operating a social democratic regime.

9

'THE STILL OPEN QUESTION OF LVOV'. BETWEEN HOPE AND DOUBT- POLES IN LVOV IN 1945

80%

Hryciuk G.

Dzieje Najnowsze

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2005

|

nr 4

111-138

EN

On the eve of 1945 Poles comprised more than 60% of the population of Lvov. The town was the site of an active Polish pro–independence underground movement, and several conspiracy periodicals were issued on a regular basis. Already in 1944 the Soviet authorities intended to force a majority of the Poles to leave westward, beyond the Curzon Line and the new eastern Polish frontier. Migration was to be provoked by the increasingly harsh policy applied towards the Polish population, i. a. a more ruthless army conscription and a restriction of the right to use the Polish language. In 1944 and 1945 the Poles of Lvov were well aware of the provisional nature of an existence marked by the awaiting of unavoidable changes. The conviction that liberation from Nazi occupation could signify only a brief change of the occupant was universal . The war went on, and for many Poles it did not end either in July 1944 or even in May or September 1945. In a local dimension, it was still being waged by deciding to remain 'home' as long as possible, 'to the very limits'. Its true finale was to bring a new peacetime order restoring the status quo ante bellum. In 1945, this belief in a better tomorrow, which made it possible to survive 22 months 'of the first Soviet period' and German triumphs, was put to the harshest test. In a letter written to his family in December 1945 a resident of Lvov described in a few sentences the atmosphere which the Poles were compelled to suffer: 'Wartime and even air raids were much better - at least something tangible transpired, some sort of changes followed, stirring hope and brighter thoughts - now there is nothing. All is quiet, ominous and hopeless'.

10

BIALYSTOK - THE FIRST YEAR (AUGUST 1944-1945)

80%

Bockowski D.

Dzieje Najnowsze

|

2005

|

nr 4

93-109

EN

The image of the first 'post-liberation' year in the life of the town depended to a great extent on the person describing its reality. On the one hand, there were the activists of the Polish Workers' Party and the Polish Committee for National Liberation (PKWN), involved in 'consolidating people's rule'; on the other hand, Home Army soldiers and representatives of the Polish authorities in London trying to fulfil their tasks were punished by deportation to the Soviet Union. During the first months of Soviet military occupation Bialystok was a town of two worlds, one of which, long awaited, was departing together with the hundreds of detained soldiers of the Polish Underground State, while the other, imposed at bayonet point, was spreading in the manner of a noxious weed, systematically depriving the population of all illusions. The yearning for freedom after years of Soviet and German occupation was the reason for attempts, made at all cost, at finding bearings in the new reality, and for succumbing to the new order in the hope of establishing some sort of a golden mean. It soon became apparent that each path proposed by the communists led to new subjugation. In addition, Bialystok experienced national problems; its liberation was perceived quite differently by three section of its population - the Belorussians, the Jewish survivors of the Holocaust, and those Poles who had remained in the town.

11

The role of education in forming voluntary tax compliance

80%

Kołodziej S.

General and Professional Education

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2011

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nr 1

22-25

EN

The article describes a variety of factors determining taxpayers willingness to pay taxes. External, referred to economic variables (e.g. tax rates, income), and internal, related to psychological features (e.g. knowledge, motivational postures), factors are distinguished. Particularly, the relation between the level of economic knowledge and attitudes toward taxation is discussed.

12

Postawy polskich eksporterów wobec marketingu w świetle wyników badania empirycznego

80%

Kuziak M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

|

2012

|

nr 896

97-120

EN

A survey on a sample of Polish companies shows that the attitude among Polish exporters towards marketing is generally positive. Most exporters recognise that marketing is needed and it is good for consumers. However, there is also only narrow understanding among companies of marketing as a tool that can increase sales. The attitude towards marketing is better at a general level than it is towards more specific areas of evaluation. The marketing activities companies employ are indeed perceived as effective, but also as aggressive, intrusive, annoying and to invade consumers’ privacy. Exporters critically assess both the level of education of marketers, as well as the competence of persons engaged in marketing. Generally, the attitude of Polish exporters towards marketing does not differ significantly from the attitudes of companies operating mainly in the domestic market.

13

Self-interest in interpersonal perception and attitudes

80%

Wojciszke B. , Baryla W.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2006

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tom 37

|

nr 1

43-50

EN

Compared to other areas of psychology, social cognition is somewhat indifferent to the role played by self-interest. In this paper we present a thesis that self-interest is a prominent factor shaping interpersonal perceptions and attitudes. We review several research lines showing the dominance of moral information in person perception and the dominance of competence-related information in self-perception. This research provides indirect support for the idea that self-interest strongly influences person (and self-) perception processes. We also discuss research showing directly the strong influence of self-interest considerations on interpersonal attitudes and liking as well as on more descriptive perceptions including moral judgments.

14

Wizje porządku społecznego i ich determinanty. Analiza opinii społeczności warszawskiej

80%

Zaborowski W.

Studia Socjologiczne

|

2011

|

nr 1(200)

407-434

EN

The article presents the analysis of research on the visions of the existing social order that were forming among the citizens of Warsaw in the period preceding the outburst of open social conflict in the 1980s. The author distinguishes five types of these visions: 'optimistic', 'permissive', 'indifferent', 'reformist' and 'radical'. The differentiation of these visions depending on different position in social structure of the individuals who voice them (such as their professional occupation, level of education, place of work, economic standing, social background, belonging to social organizations, membership in political organizations and attitudes to religion) forms the central analytical problem of the article. The analysis aims at finding out, which features of social position favor particular types of visions of existing social order. The patterns of dependencies derived from multivariate analysis are far from being clear-cut, however, which leads the author to suggesting that position in social structure cannot be sole predictor of attitudes to existing social order and perhaps other factors (i.e. cultural ones) have to be included in the analysis.

15

HATRED AND AWE. THE AMBIVALENT ATTITUDE OF THE GERMANS TOWARDS THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN THE FIRST CENTURY CE

80%

Dolezal S.

Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina

|

2010

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tom 46

|

nr 1-2

227-233

EN

The Germanic tribes which lived on the both banks of the Rhine in the first century CE had different experiences with the Roman empire, and often, they were not entirely sure which attitude toward Rome they should adopt: whether unambiguously positive or negative. Their ambivalent attitudes were thus characterized by the symptomatic hatred directed toward the Roman occupation of the Germanic territory on the one hand, and by the awe before the Roman authorities on the other.

16

Občanská kultura v ČR z pohledu výzkumu veřejného mínění

70%

Cervenka J.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

|

2009

|

tom 7

|

nr 2

3-15

EN

Following text presents some findings concerning the civic culture in the Czech Republic based on results of a special survey conducted in August of 2009 as a part of international comparative research project commemorating the 50th anniversary of realization of G. A. Almond's and S. Verba's original survey and their classic study The Civic Culture: Attitudes and Perception of Democracy in Five Nations. Using data from continuous public opinion surveys the text also tries briefly to outline the development of civic culture in Czech countries during last two decades after fall of communist regime in 1989.

17

Postoje k výpůjčkám v soudobé češtině

70%

Dickins T.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

|

2008

|

tom 6

|

nr 1

14-28

EN

This article uses empirical data to evaluate Czech perceptions of lexical borrowing, based on a nationwide poll conducted in November 2005 by the Public Opinion Research Centre of the Institute of Sociology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The survey combines synchronic and diachronic perspectives, and is the first major study of its kind since Tejnor, October 1970. It broadly concludes that most Czechs accept functionally necessary loanwords, but feel that their language contains a surfeit of peripheral foreign terms, which are used too frequently and somewhat inappropriately. Resistance to lexical innovation from other languages is especially strong amongst the elderly (particularly men) and the less well educated.

18

POSTAWY POLAKÓW WOBEC OBCOKRAJOWCÓW

70%

Wiśniewski R.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

|

2011

|

tom 37

|

nr 2(140)

221-234

EN

The article presents the outcome of the research of Polish Measurement of Attitudes and Values (PPPiW) on the attitudes of the Poles towards foreigners carried out in 2009 and 2010. The Bogardus Social Distance Scale was used in the analyses in order to describe the social distance between the Poles and the foreigners. The outcome facilitates the comparison at the local (Warsaw) and the national level together with the description of different perspectives towards strangers. According to respondents, immigrants should integrate themselves into the society by learning Polish and by accepting local axiomatic and normative rules. Although the Poles are likely to accept foreigners as their neighbours or work colleagues, they are less keen on them as potential partners of their children. According to the acquired data, Polish citizens express positive feelings towards „different” cultural groups but think in stereotypes.

19

CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES OF AUTHORITY: THE ATTITUDES OF YOUNG PEOPLE. A CASE STUDY

70%

Njegovan Ratkovič B. , Vukadinovic M. , Nešic Grubic L.

Sociológia (Sociology)

|

2011

|

tom 43

|

nr 6

657 – 673

EN

This paper focuses on the socio-psychological dimension of authority as a cultural-integrative category. The results are presented of research into students’ perceptions of desirable, positive characteristics of authority, providing an insight into what constitutes the qualities of certain types of authority. The dynamic interplay among social norms, beliefs and perceptions of real life influence the students’ view of what authority is, as a role model, in Serbia today, still suffering the consequences of the disintegration of social norms. Six hundred and fifty-five students participated in the research project by filling in a questionnaire on the characteristics of authority. The results of factor analysis point to three relatively independent types of authority: charismatic, traditional and bureaucratic. The results are discussed in the context of changing authority rank in a transitional society like Serbia today, and the capability of particular types of authority to influence young people’s attitudes and behaviour.

20

Struktura społeczna i postawy a grupy ethosowe (O możliwościach ewolucji społecznej)

70%

Szawiel T.

Studia Socjologiczne

|

2011

|

nr 1(200)

279-298

EN

The article is a critique of the approaches in Polish sociology at the turn of 1980s that attempt to study social consciousness through social structure. These approaches are coined 'social structure and attitudes' by the author. He claims that these approaches do not allow reconciling the research on the role of social actor with the analysis of wider trends of society writ large. This results in the inability to account for the mechanisms of social change. The existing approaches describe social structure in Poland as passive and incapable of shaping culture. They do not explain what are the mechanisms linking attitudes and social structure. Referring to Weber's sociology, the author suggests that the crystallization of ethos groups in Polish society can be recognized as one of the structuring processes. Taking several exemplary ethos groups (Catholics, counter-culture movements and democratic opposition) as an example, the author considers their potential role in the process of social change.