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RELIGION, REFORM AND SCIENCE. THE BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY (Vallas, reform es tudomany. Az amerikai szociologia kezdetei)

100%

Pal E.

Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)

2009

tom 19

nr 3

3-25

The paper analyzes the historical circumstances of the emergence of American sociology in late 19th and early 20th centuries. It doesn't aspire to give a thorough overview of the period, but instead it focuses on factors that gave a special context to the first decades of American sociology. The author analyzes the interrelationships of religion, social reform movements, evolutionary theories and the processes of scientific legitimation in the establishment of sociology in America. She argues that the early phase of American sociology was characterized by an intellectual milieu in which theoretical approaches and demarcation strategies were contested, yet which, taken together, strengthened the discipline and added to its diversity. The paper traces the process whereby American sociology went from being a heterogeneous, fluid area that incorporated different concepts, theories and aspirations, to being a firm and recognized university discipline.

Coleman versus Collins: Dva odlišné přístupy k teorii jednání v americké sociologii

100%

Subrt J.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

2007

tom 16/29

nr 2

61-76

The article confronts James Coleman's and Randall Collins's approaches towards action theory: reviews both their similarities (based on the importance of micro-sociological perspective for understanding social macro-level) and differences (their attitude towards the assumed rational nature of human action). Coleman supports the homo oeconomicus thesis and understands actors as beings, which make rational decisions and direct their actions on the basis of costs and gains calculations. Collins, on the other hand, emphasizes the extra-rational factors of emotions and routine. By putting up these approaches against each other two ideal type constructions arise, which are particular intellectual modes yet cannot comprehend social reality in its full complexity.

THE EARLY AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY AND ITS HISTORICAL CONTEXTUALIZATION (Pocatky americke sociologie a jejich historicka kontextualizace)

75%

Balon J.

Sociológia (Sociology)

2010

tom 42

nr 1

5-32

This article provides a historical analysis of intellectual and institutional development of the early American sociology. The two most frequent historical narratives, one of the 'intellectual irrelevance', and the other of the 'institutional triumph', examining the legacy of the first American sociologists are confronted and dissected in detail. It is argued that the reconstructions of early American tradition often project current problems into historically specific contexts of the formative period. The problem of continuity/discontinuity of American sociology is interpreted in terms of a historically conditioned 'quest for objectivity and coherence'. The design of the article is historical, theoretical, and conceptual. Its main intention is to identify the key problems put forward by the first American sociologists and to address their conceptions aimed at founding a unified theoretical and methodological approach. Detailed attention is also paid to the attempts at disciplinary separation and identity formation of the early American sociology.