Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Warsaw metropolitan area in an international relations network

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Grochowski M. , Fuhrmann M. , Madurowicz M. , Pieniążek M. , Wilk W. , Zegar T. , Miłaszewska M.

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tom 12

215-223

EN

International relations of the Warsaw Metropolitan Area are presented in the paper. International relations, their extent (number and rangę), character and intensity reflect on the degree to which the metropolitan area (the central city and the remaining component units) has been included into an economic and socio-political relations network. Research was carried out, taking advantage of a broad base of available information sources, generał economic, cultural, scientific, transport, tourist relations as well as cooperation of international self-government units.

2

Methods of examining the nature-man relationship in Warsaw regional geography

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Walewski A. , Miłaszewska M.

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tom 12

119-123

EN

Several methods applied in the Department of Regional Geography of Warsaw University in research on the relationship between the natural environment and man were presented: chi-squared test, class diversification method, correlation methods, regression analysis. Their merits and limitations were described. The usefulness for research of different aspects of the nature-man relationship was discussed. New possibilities of applying thus obtained results (e.g. for delimitation of regions of the nature-man relationship) were identified.

3

Cooling and warming of climate of the Earth's Northern Hemisphere (on the basis of fluctuations of the oxygen isotope δ18O and dendrological data)

100%

Boryczka J. , Stopa-Boryczka M. , Unton-Pyziołek A. , Gieszcz P. , Miłaszewska M.

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tom 14

47-58

EN

Content fluctuations of the oxygen isotope δ18O in the Devon Island ice core during the last 100 000 years are a measure of climate fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere. The course of content of the oxygen isotope δ18O and the sums of solar radiation reaching the upper edge of the atmosphere are characterized by approximate minima and maxima (by positive correlation). This proves that, during the last hundred thousand years, climate fluctuations (cooling and warming) in the Northern Hemisphere were conditioned by long-term changes of the orbit and altitude of the Earth's axis. Climate fluctuation forecasts for the Northern Hemisphere were developed for the next 40 000 years on the basis of the established periods of change of the oxygen isotope δ18O and the known solar radiation periodicity. Climate changes in Europe during the last 25000 years were presented together with a forecast for 1000 years (according to organic substances in deposits and radiation) as well as climate changes in Europe in the period from -500 years BP to 2100 AD (according to δ18O and pine tree-rings). It showed that climate changes depended on the concentration of planet mass in relation to the ecliptic plane (from the gravitational impact of planets on the Sun). Concentration courses of planet mass in the Solar System and climate fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere were compared. Of interest are examples of synchronic fluctuations, i.e. dispersal of planet mass in the Solar System, the widths of pine and spruce tree rings and air temperatures in Europe.

4

Cyclic changes of climate in Europe during the last millenium according to dendrological data

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Boryczka J. , Stopa-Boryczka M. , Bijak S. , Miłaszewska M.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2008

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tom 13

57-66

EN

The paper discusses periodic climate changes in Europe determined on the basis of dendrochronological data dating back one thousand years. In tree-ring width sequences of trees growing in Poland there are approximately 8-, 11-, 100- and 180- year periods. The tree-ring widths of oaks growing in Poland for the last centuries are characterised, without any significant amplitude, by 8- and 11-year periods (Tab. 1). In turn, chronologies of pine, spruce, larch, oak and fir growing in Europe are characterised by 100- and 180-year periods (Tab. 2). Cycles of dendrochronological variables approximate cycles of air temperature and North Atlantic Oscillation NAO as well as those of solar activity. The forecast of annual growth (ring width) for 2001-2100 was calculated by interference of the tree-ring width cycles determined by the sinusoidal regression method. Because of much longer empirical sequences of specific periods, the credibility of forecasts for treering widths is greater than that for air temperature.

5

The relations between man and the natural environment as the methodological basis for delimitation of regions

100%

Walewski A. , Kantowicz E. , Miłaszewska M.

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tom 14

295-301

EN

The concept of regional geography as a science examining the relations between man and the natural environment is presented. Spatial coexistence of natural and socio-economic phenomena is a premise to search for causative relations. Their theoretic fundaments are described by the principle of factors limiting human activity, diversification as the general characteristic of the natural environment having impact on man and his activity, the principle of indirect chain links, changeability of relations in time and their interactions. Among others, correlation and regression analysis, the class differences method and tests of independence are used in research on the concordance of spatial coexistence of characteristics of the natural environment and socio-economic characteristics. The issue of the relations between man and the environment, examined on different scales, is associated with issues of the geographic region. A region may be perceived as an area characterized by a similarity of relations between the natural environment and human activity.

6

Methods of assessment of the natural environment in examining the relationship between its diversity, values and tourism in Western Australia’s National Parks

100%

Bednarek M. , Miłaszewska M.

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tom 12

261-268

EN

In 2004, the author studied the impact of the diversity of the environment and natural values in national parks of Western Australia on the number of tourists visiting them. The research indicates that the highest correlation is between natural values and number of tourists, a smaller one is between the diversity of the environment and natural values and the lowest correlation is between the diversity of the environment and the number of tourists. Such studies reąuire proper methods for evaluation of the natural environment. This paper discusses differences between the two main methods. The first, which describes diversity of the environment in national parks, is based on the evaluation made for the whole continent, where six main features of the environment were measured in the grid of sąuares. The natural values were studied with a greater accuracy on the basis of the descriptions and maps concerning the parks' territory. Attractiveness in respect to natural values is presented by the sum of points. Each park received from 0 to 2 points for each of the 18 natural values.

7

Tourism in rural areas of Castilla-la Mancha

100%

Zwierzchowska J. , Miłaszewska M.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2008

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tom 13

231-237

EN

The rural areas of Castilla-La Mancha have managed to preserve a unique natural and cultural character. A great diversity of touristic qualities makes the region especially attractive for development of rural tourism. For many years, the autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha had to cope with numerous socio-economic difficulties. Development of the tourist industry resulted in diversification of income sources and higher level of employment. Another positive effect of the process was activation of female members of the community. The principle aim of this article is to underline the complementary role of tourism in rural areas in relation to agriculture and urban tourism.

8

Choropleth map and diagram map - about merging methods of cartographic presentation

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Korycka-Skorupa J. , Miłaszewska M.

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tom 14

349-361

EN

Various aspects of merging the chosen presentation methods (choropleth and diagram) on one map are discussed in the article. Attention is focused on the graphic match of both methods, on the character and reference of data presented in this manner. Examples of such matches are shown, from the simplest application to complicated anamorphic presentations.

9

Social and occupational changes in small towns in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship during the transformation of the political system

100%

Mularczyk M. , Miłaszewska M.

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tom 12

165-173

EN

The objective of the paper is to present social and occupational changes in smali towns in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship in regard to their accessibility to communication with larger towns in the examined area. Because of the availability of statistic data for the analysis, the time period from 1995 to 2004 was selected. Answers to the following ąuestion were looked for in the paper: - is there an interdependence between the directions of the occurring social and occupational changes (a change in the number of inhabitants, changes in internal migrations, changes in the employment structure) in smali towns of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship and their accessibility to communication with larger towns (exceeding five thousand inhabitants) in the examined area. A network of towns in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship, in the form in which it functions sińce 1999 is examined.

10

Economic significance of tourism in the Lesser Antilles

100%

Piraszewska K. , Miłaszewska M.

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tom 12

269-275

EN

The objective of the article is an attempt to assess the economic significance of tourism in chosen islands of the Lesser Antilles. Diversification of the significance of tourism in economy between particular islands of the Lesser Antilles is very extensive. The economy of islands such as the British Virgin Islands, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda is highly dependent on tourism. On the other hand, islands such as Martiniąue and Curaęao derive smali profits from tourism. The tourism satellite account method was used to show to what a degree each of the Lesser Antilles islands is dependent on tourism and what profits are derived from it. The account considers both direct and indirect outlays on tourism. The selected countries are divided into groups according to the intensity of tourism, the size of the GDP generated per one inhabitant as well as the share of employment in tourism per total employment. A group of countries and dependent territories deriving greater and lesser economic benefits from tourism than might appear from the intensity of tourism is identified.

11

The peripheral housing estate as a form of urban spatial development. The status quo and perspectives

100%

Pieniążek M. , Miłaszewska M.

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tom 14

273-281

EN

Presentation of contemporary trends in development of such residential units as peripheral housing estates in large Polish cities, as exemplified by Warsaw, is the objective of the paper. Such units are compared with their counterparts being built in Berlin. Research was carried out in three housing estates in the western part of the Bemowo District of Warsaw, i.e. Lazurowa (developer J.W. Construction), Nad Jeziorem (developer DoR Group) and Villa L'Azur (developer Bouygues Immobilier Polska). The first two were completed at the turn of 2008/2009. The third is in the final stage of construction. All three are located inside immediate city borders. Within framework of research were carried out analysis of developers' materials, cartographic materials from the City Hall as well as field research. The results were juxtaposed with research made in 2008 in Berlin.

12

Storms in Europe (1994-2005) - their relationship with continentality of climate

100%

Grabowska K. , Miłaszewska M.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2008

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tom 13

67-75

EN

The objective of the paper is to determine the influence of continentality of Europe's climate, increasing to the east, on the number of days with thunderstorms during the years 1994-2005 in ten chosen European cities. In Europe, days with thunderstorms come from cities located in zones from the west to the east, beginning from Dublin, through London, Paris, Munich, Prague, Minsk, Kiev, Kharkov and up to Moscow. The well matched stations show the gradually increasing continentality of Europe's climate. From an analysis of the number of days with thunderstorms, the Gorczyński continentality index and the long-term mean annual amplitude of air temperature it may be concluded that, in as much as the values of the amplitude and index increase with distance from the ocean, it is not always so with the number of days with thunderstorms. Despite greater climate continentality, Minsk, Kiev and Moscow have much fewer storm days than Warsaw or Prague.

13

Unusual graphic solutions and their place in classification of cartographic presentation methods

63%

Korycka-Skorupa J. , Kacprzyk I. , Miłaszewska M.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2008

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tom 13

289-298

EN

Examples of unusual and unconventional graphic solutions which we can often find in the times of fast developing computer technology are discussed in the article. Many of them are suggested by various GIS programs, few of them may be found in the press or on the Internet. This means that their users are people who are not associated with cartography and who are not familiar with the framework of cartographic methods.