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1
Content available Metoda największej wiarygodności a regresja przełącznikowa
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Pruska K. , Instytut Ekonometrii i Statystyki U. Ł.
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EN
The article deals with the problem of switching regression. The model of switching regression together with the maximum likelihood method and an equivalent Kiefer’s method meant as such model’ s parameters estimation method are presented here. One of the examples of the switching regression models are the econometric disequilibrium models describing demand and supply in the non-balanced markets. The article contains results of parameters estimation for two disequilibrium markets: fish and their products market and the labour market in the petroleum and power industry by means of Kiefer’s method. The Monte Carlo analys is of estimators’ properties obtained by means of Kiefer’s method has been presented ?s well. In the view of the performed experiments, estimators for two assumed specifications of disequilibrium models were characterized with statistically significant mean biases and deviations from the normal distributions when the sample size was small, as it was assumed in the experiments (23 and 24). It results from the above that the Kiefer’s method does not give good enough estimates of the switching regression models’ parameters.
2
Content available Wpływ dochodu na poziom indeksów kosztów utrzymania pracowniczych gospodarstw domowych w roku 1983
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Czajkowski A. , Instytut Ekonometrii i Statystyki U. Ł.
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1992
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tom 117
EN
The paper analyzes the in fluence of the income on the dynamics of the cost of living in the households of the socialized sector employees in 1983. The indices were estimated for each individual household and, simultaneously, due to the lack of appropriate information on prices, as implified assumption was made. Under th is assumption a set of representative commodities and service s was identical for all the households and only systems of index weights were differentiated. The influence of the income on the dynamics of cost of living in households was studied through the observations of the levels of indices in different income groups and through the application of statistical models of the cost of living in dices. As a result of the research i t was ascertained that the level of in dices estimated in 1983 was increasing according to the increase in household incomes.
3
Content available Uogólnienie statystyki X² w wielowymiarowej analizie statystycznej
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Stępień L. , Instytut Ekonometrii i Statystyki U. Ł.
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1992
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tom 117
EN
Generalization of statistic X² has been performed in the article and then the statistic has been applied to solving problems concerning the multidimensional statistical analysis. Independency test X² has been examined and its application has been illustrated by an empirical example derived from medical research.
4
Content available O teście Jonckheeroa-Terpstry
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Guraj-Kaczmarek K. , Instytut Ekonometrii i Statystyki U. Ł.
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1992
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tom 117
EN
The Jonckeaere-Terpstra test is one of the one factor tests of non-parametric variance analysis. It was proposed by Terpstra [l5] and Jonckheere [6] most of ten it appears in the scientific literature is the Jonckheere’s test . When fulfilling the assumptions 1.1 - 1.1 of the one factor analysis of variance the null hypothesis H0: F1 ( u ) = F2 - . . . = Fk (u ) as against the alternative hypothesis H1 : F1(u) ≤ F2 ( u ) i . . . < Fk (u) where at least one of the inequalities is strict.
5
Content available Kwantyle interpolowane rozkładu liczby serii dla n1 = n2
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Domański C. , Tomaszewicz A. S. , Instytut Ekonometrii i Statystyki U. Ł.
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1992
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tom 117
EN
The left- side quantiles of distribution of a number of series for n1 = n2 = 5(1)100(5)200(10)600(20)1000 and & = 005, 0.10, 0,01, 0,05, 0.10 are given. The construction of these tables has been based upon recursive formulae, more effective in numerical calculations.
6
Content available Aproksymacja wartości krytycznych testu Manna-Whitneya dla małych prób
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Guraj-Kaczmarek K. , Tomaszewicz A. S. , Instytut Ekonometrii i Statystyki U. Ł.
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1992
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tom 117
EN
The article deals with important, from the point of view of application, Mann-Whitney test used for comparing distribution of two populations. After a short review of the known from literature basic properties of the test’s statistic, a definition of randomized test and interpolated quantiles is given. Then a simple and at the same time quite exact (for a sample of the size 5 ≤ n ≤ 50) approximation of these quant i les is presented, due to which the using of tables becomes needless. Moreover, it has been proved that the recommended in many works approximation by means of normal distribution leads to large errors in the sample size.
7
Content available Ocena aproksymacji rozkładów płac według wysokości w gospodarce uspołecznionej rozkładem logarytmiczno--normalnym
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Jędrzejczak A. , Instytut Ekonometrii i Statystyki U. Ł.
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1992
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tom 117
EN
The article shows approximation of wages distribution in the socialized sector in 1986 by means of logarithmic normal distribution. Most examined wages distributions proved high consistency with the logarithmic normal distributions.
8
Content available Model symulacyjny W8D-2007 gospodarki polskiej
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Welfe W. , Florczak W. , Instytut Ekonometrii i Statystyki U. Ł.
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2009
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tom 229
EN
After validating the results of estimation of more than 200 equations, the simulation version of the model was constructed. It is nonlinear, highly interrelated. Its structure was analysed, their statistical properties shown. The economic mechanisms represented in the model were shown and the major multipliers analysed.
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Content available Równania procesu produkcji
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Welfe W. , Florczak W. , Świeczewska I. , Instytut Ekonometrii i Statystyki U. Ł.
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2009
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tom 229
EN
Extended producting function is the major instrument in analyzing the production process. The Cobb-Douglas production function with constant returns to scale is recommended. The fixed capital and employment impacts are discussed. Major role is played by the total factor productivity (TFP). Its measurement problems are discussed in detail. The growth o f TFP is explained taking into account the R&D capital and human capital. Domestic and foreign R&D capital is distinguished, various channels of foreign R&D capital transfer are discussed. The equations explaining demand for labour and labour supply are specified and the rate of unemployment determined.
10
Content available Założenia i struktura makrockonometrycznego modelu gospodarki opartej na wiedzy W8D-2007
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Welfe W. , Florczak W. , Instytut Ekonometrii i Statystyki U. Ł.
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2009
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tom 229
EN
The endogenous theory of growth provides the theoretical underpinning for modeling the knowledge-based economies. The concept of an empirical model of economic growth was used to establish the structure and major properties of the new W8D-2007 model of the Polish economy. The structure of data bases of W-models is outlined, covering many hundreds of time scries original and transformed. The estimation techniques are discussed with the preference for Engle-Granger two-steps procedure ending with the use of ECM to distinguish short run fluctuations.
11
Content available Modelowanie kapitału ludzkiego i struktury ludności
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Florczak W. , Instytut Ekonometrii i Statystyki U. Ł.
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2009
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tom 229
EN
The alternative concepts of human capital are discussed and the measurement issues analyzed. The results of empirical research are shown. The equations explaining the demand for employment and the labour supply are demonstrated. The model explaining changes in the population structure by gender and age is demonstrated. It refers to the changes in average life expectancy related to the changes in death probabilities.
12
Content available Równania popytu finalnego
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Welfe W. , Instytut Ekonometrii i Statystyki U. Ł.
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2009
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tom 229
EN
The final demand is generated from known accounting identity. The specification of households demand is discussed in some detail. Life cycle hypothesis could not be applied because of instability of households in Poland. Demand is income constrained, depending also on initial wealth. The demand for investment goods by firms is shaped allowing for an accelerator and the rate of capacity utilization. The user costs constrain the demand; there is also a substitution effect. The final domestic demand plus net exports add up to effective GDP. Exports and imports equations arc built in a traditional manner allowing for the level of respective activities and relative prices.
13
Content available Modele satelitarne
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Florczak W. , Świeczewska I. , Instytut Ekonometrii i Statystyki U. Ł.
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2009
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tom 229
EN
The core model represents a highly aggregated system that needs several extensions, mainly in order to illustrate the dependence in creating knowledge capital on specific factors. For this reason several satellite models have been proposed and constructed. Firstly, the models of research and educational sector were built to show the channels the knowledge capital is generated. The technology transfer assuming sector decomposition was separately analysed. On the other hand, the factors affecting the human capital were distinguished and analysed, including demographic variables. The ecological issues were treated separately.
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